The buffer green space of Sihwa industrial complex is located on the boundary of residential areas and industrial areas, and this regions have been the ability to mitigate environmental impact of noise, vibration, atmospheric. In this area, the survey of vegetation and bird was conducted to understand the biology structures and function of buffer green space from biology habitats and natural recovery for ecology restoration. The survey was performed four times according to the season. As a result, vegetation were distributed to the most widely Pinus thunbergii community (72.2%) in the whole survey area (approximately 0.32 km2), and grasslands (6.6%), Amorpha fruticosa community (4.1%), Koelreuteria paniculata community (4.0%), Acer buergerianum community (3.9%) in the order of distribution. The characteristics of vegetation distribution were mainly planted Pinus thunbergii in outlying areas, and Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Quercus acutissima were planted in the middle areas. The birds observed in this area were a total of 37 species, 912 individuals, the species of legal protection were observed Falco tinnunculus 1 individuals. The most of birds observed in this area were the resident that can be observed easily in the park and greenland surrounding urban. The waterfowl almost were not observed because of lacking water space. Thus, as providing safe habitats and movement passageway of wildlife, the connection of ecological green areas will be strengthened.

The inauguration of the collective Reality and Utterance (Hyŏnsil kwa Parŏn) in 1979 and 1980 marked a watershed moment in Korean art. This is not only be-cause the collective gave birth to the politically-engaged art movement that would come to be labeled “Minjung Art” by the middle of the 80s, but also because it enthusiastically embraced a wide range of images from the urban culture. With a special focus on the members’ early work, my research explores an issue largely neglected in the dominant narrative of Minjung art as a form of activism against the authoritarian Korean government during the 80s. The issue is what was at stake in Reality and Utterance’s exploration of contemporary urban visual culture. The aim of this essay is to recognize the engagement with the urban visual culture as central to the group’s early project and to consider it at some distance from the anti-urban and anti-mass culture perspective which was endorsed by the Minjung narrative. Focusing on members’ turn to urban visual culture, this essay instead argues that this turn was by no means merely a means to making art as social cri-tique, but more importantly, it was an experiment with the shared image world, as opposed to the rarefid visual vocabularies of abstract modernism. Visual produc-tions such as advertisements, billboards, posters, and kitsch paintings, which come from outside the narrow confins of fin art, were definitly ominous signs of the colonization of everyday life in the capitalist city, but at the same time they were an-ticipated to be a catalyst for redefiningKorean art in a more communicative, acces-sible, and democratized way. In this regard, in the early 1980s—in particular 1980 and 1982—the members’ gesture oscillated between critique and embrace, which allowed the group to occupy a unique domain in the realm of Korean art production.

Consumer's perceptions of the quality of food and food-related servcie were surveyed through questionnaires by 672 adults randomly selected from 20 industrial foodservice in Pusan Kyeung Nam area. Data from consumers were analyzed by using SPSSPC+ program in terms of 2-test, oneway ANOVA, t-test. The results are as follows: 1) Among the food characteristics, the mean rating for temperature of food was 3.18 over 5, for quality of food vs. food price 2.97, for fresshness 2.96, for taste 2.86, and for combination of colors 2.73; 2) In the food-related service, the mean rating was 3.20 for cleanliness of dishes, 3.18 for quality of dishes, 3.01 for varity of food items, 2.95 for courtesy of employees, and 2.57 for availability of favorite food. 3) Self-operated foodservice showed higher mean ratings in nutrition of food, quality of food vs. food price, and availability of favorite food than does the contracted one. 4) The rice (85.0%) and the kimchi (81.4%) were right in amount, but the soup (42.5%) and the side dish (49.0%) were not enough. 5) In seasoning of food, 45.2% of the respondents agreed that the salty taste and the amount of MSG were just right. However, 38.0% and 37.9% of them responded that the salty tast was strong and the amount of MSG was much. 6) The respondents mostly required the improvement of the taste of side dish, nutrition of food, sanitation of food, and variety of menu items.

This study identified physical characteristics and aerosol particle sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in the industrial complex of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. Samples of PM10, PM2.5 and also soil, were collected in several areas during the year of 2012 to investigate elemental composition. A URG cyclone sampler was used for collection. The samples were collected according to each experimental condition, and the analysis method of SEM-EDX was used to determine the concentration of each metallic element. The comparative analysis indicated that their mass concentration ranged from 1% to 3%. The elements in the industrial region that were above 10% were Si, Al, Fe, and Ca. Those below 5% were Na, Mg, and S. The remaining elements (1% of total mass) consisted of elements such as Ni, Co, Br and Pb. Finally, a statistical tool was applied to the elemental results to identify each source for the industrial region. From a principal components analysis (SPSS, Ver 20.0) performed to analyze the possible sources of PM10 in the industrial region, five main factors were determined. Factor 1 (Si, Al), which accounted for 15.8% of the total variance, was mostly affected by soil and dust from manufacturing facilities nearby, Factors 2 (Cu, Ni), 3 (Zn, Pb), and 4 (Mn, Fe), which also accounted for some of variance, were mainly related to iron, non-ferrous metals, and other industrial manufacturing sources. Also, five factors determined to access possible sources of PM2.5, Factor 1 (Na, S), accounted for 13.5% of the total variance and was affected by sea-salt particles and fuel incineration sources, and Factors 2 (Ti, Mn), 3 (Pb, Cl), 4 (K, Al) also explained significant proportions of the variance. Theses factors mean that the PM2.5 emission sources may be considered as sources of incineration, and metals, and non-ferrous manufacturing industries.

The present study evaluated residential exposure to atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde according to distance from the a dyeing industry complex (DIC). This purpose was achieved by measuring concurrently the outdoor air concentrations in residences near the DIC and a certain distance away, plus the outdoor air concentrations at two industrial areas within the DIC boundary. Formaldehyde concentrations (median values of 24.3 and 22.5 μg/㎥ in IS1 and IS2, respectively) were higher than acetaldehyde concentrations (median values of 7.4 and 7.3 μg/㎥ in IS1 and IS2, respectively) at both sites. However, there was no significant difference in the industrial outdoor air concentrations of both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde between the two sites. In addition, the median formaldehyde concentration from the residential site near the DIC (RS1) was about 1.5 times higher than that from the residential site far away from the DIC(RS2), and the median acetaldehyde concentration from RS1 was about 1.3 times higher than that from RS2. It is noteworthy that the mean or median risk as well as these maximum risks are well above the USEPA's permissible risk level of 10 -6 from environmental exposure. This suggests that appropriate management for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is necessary in order to decrease risk of the residents of study areas, regardless of the distance from the DIC.

This study aims to build a model dealing with the location decision of new manufacturing firms and their land demand. The model is composed with 1) the binary logit model structure identifying a future probability of manufacturing firms to locate in a city and their land demand; and 2) the land use suitability of the land demand. The model was empirically tested in the case of Anseong City. We used establishment-level data for the manufacturing industry from the Report on Mining and Manufacturing Survey. 48 industry groups were scrutinized to find the location probability in the city and their land demand via logit model with the dependent variables: number of employment, land capital, building capital, total products, and value-added for a new industry since 2001. It is forecasted that the future land areas (to 2025) for the manufacturing industries in the city are 5.94km2 and additional land demand for clustering the existing industries scattered over the city is 2.lkm2. Five industrial complex locations were identified through the land use suitability analysis.

This study assessed the characteristics of emission and cell toxicology of Methylethylketone(MEK) in ambient air of industrial area. MEK is produced by the oxidation of sec-butyl alcohol and used as the solvent for making ink, printing, coating of film, bonding material and drug extraction. The MEK concentrations in the ambient-air of industrial area in Gimhae City was detected in the range of 25.4～1,580 ㎍/㎥ with an average 297.4 ㎍/㎥. The concentration of MEK showed a descending tendency from April to August followed by its increased tendency since then. The effects of MEK on the human lung cancer A549 cells was examined by the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) and cytotoxicity. The range of MEK concentration detected in the area induced ROS generation affecting the oxidation state with a little effects on the viability of the cells.