To understand the detrimental effects of triclosan on Java medaka (Oryzias javanicus) embryos, fertilized embryos were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 μg l-1) of triclosan until hatching. Then, we examined the survival rate and developmental parameters as well as alterations in antioxidant constituents and DNA damage markers. The results showed dose-dependent mortality, hatching delays, and developmental abnormalities in the embryos. Additionally, there were significant increases in oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant responses, along with elevated DNA damage. These findings suggest that sublethal concentrations of triclosan induce toxic effects through oxidative stress on Java medaka embryos, as evidenced by changes in in vivo parameters and biochemical constituents.

Deforestation such as illegal logging and forest fires has caused a big disadvantage for surrounding people. In general, the losses were disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts. Disaster is something that causes damage, loss or misery (The Big Dictionary of Indonesian Language, 1996). Gendol hill is a forest area that has experienced disasters caused by forest destruction. Among the disasters occurred in Gendol hill area was drought or difficulty in fulfilment of the need of fresh water. A number of springs have been drying up after the destruction of Gendol forest in 1963. Efforts to restore the forest by reforestation or replanting have been conducted since a long time by the government (Perhutani) with planting of pine trees (Pinus merkusii). Since 1996, trees of Moraceae family were also planted gradually by local person. Three species from the Moraceae family that have been planted are Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata, Ficus retusa, Ficus recemosa, Ficus microcara etc. By 2016, at least 4000 trees species from Moraceae family have been planted together thousands other species. Based steps of planting, there are three groups of Moraceae family trees in Gendol hill. They are tree groups aged 15-20 years, 10-15 years and 1-10 years (Anonimous, 2016) The case study aimed to get information of Moraceae family trees plantation benefits in emergence of springs. Observation, in-depth interview, documentation and study literature were conducted for this study in April 2016. Observation of the field conditions (vegetation and springs conditions) was conducted to obtain description of the location and springs condition. In depth Interview has conducted by interviewing of key persons to obtain historical information (forest destruction, loss of springs, replanting efforts, and re-emergence of springs). In-depth interview also aimed to get information about the benefits received by local people from the emergence of springs. While documentation in the form of photos of vegetation conditions and springs was taken to get more descriptions. To complete this research, we has also taken secondary data from related parties and some literatures. Furthermore, the collected data analyzed by descriptive-qualitative analysis method. The results showed that the planting of Moraceae family trees such as Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata Blume, and Ficus retusa L. had a real benefit in emergence of springs on study site including re-emergence of died springs. There are many springs appearing in both large and small sizes. Five springs in quite large size appearing around the Moraceae family trees stand on the slopes of Gendol hill after 17 years of planting. The water yield of each springs was directly proportional to the amount and size of Moraceae family trees around the springs. The water discharge (outflow) of springs under 5 trees with height average 14 m and diameter 25 cm is bigger than the springs under 3 trees with height average 12 m and diameter 20 cm. The emergence of springs in Gendol hills has brought many benefits to the lives of the surrounding people. Based on descriptive analysis, the benefits for local community are; 1) Fulfilment of fresh water needs for at least 800 families of local communities (at least 240,000 litters / day), 2) Increasing of water availability for irrigating rice fields (from 1 harvest / year to become 3 harvest / year) so that people income around Gendol hill increased, 3) Increasing of public awareness in planting / greening including local government, 4) Appearing of tourism service potential that may be developed by local government together local people . Therefore, advanced research or applied research is suggested to be conducted for assessing the effect of Moraceae family trees on all aspects (vegetation, soil, hydrology and socio-economic). The research suggested are; a) The characteristics of vegetation on the springs area and their relation with springs, b) The effect of Moraceae family trees on water yield, c)Affecting factors in the springs sustainability (physical, socio-economic and institutional, d) Environmental services analysis of Springs management.

Jabon tree(Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a native and fast growing species in Indonesia that is preferred by the local community because of its good adaptability and economic profitability. However, information on this tree and its appropriate silvicultural practices are still lacking. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) document the existing silvicultural practices used by local communities, (2) investigate tree growth performance among different sites, and (3) examine the linkage between silvicultural practices and soil fertility and their effects on stand quality in West Java. The results obtained from interviews indicated that most of the jabon plantations are owned by outsiders from Jakarta or other cities. In addition, there are three types of management: partnership, hiring employees and direct management. There are only a few practitioners with silvicultural training; however, all practitioners have implemented basic silvicultural practices. Jabon plantations in West Java were inventoried and 53 plots were established across 19 sites. This species was introduced into Java in 2008; therefore, tree age ranges from 0.5 to 3.5years. The mean diameter ranges from 2.45 to 14.57cm with a maximum of 29.3cm, and the mean height ranges from 1.29 to 12.62m with a maximum of 18.68m in Situgede. Regression modeling was performed using dominant height, and the Chapman model was selected to generate a site index curve: Hd=10.6982(1-exp(-0.8915t))1.3078, with an R2 value of 0.6513. This model divided the 19sites into three categories, i.e., good, medium and poor. Based on these results, there are 2 good, 11 medium and 6 poor sites. Three DBH-age equations were generated based on site classification. A comparison between good and poor sites suggests that site conditions and soil fertility have more significant effects on the growth of jabon than silvicultural practices such as fertilization and site maintenance.

Lembang is tourism destination in Indonesia. This research is conducted to find the effect of hobbies and lifestyle on choosing tourism destinations as reference to make creative marketing program to attract customers and increasing frequency of revisit. Hobbies of music and saving lifestyle do affect tourists’ interest on choosing destinations.

자연 환경을 이용한 관광은 많은 열대 지역 국가에서 활성화되고 있으며 중요한 국가의 수익이 되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 환경과 문화 자원에 미치는 관광의 영향은 관광산업의 지속 가능성과 경쟁력을 위협하고 있다. 그러므로 환경과 문화적으로 민감한 관광 지역에 대한 적합한 계획과 관리는 지역의 경제적 수익과 더불어 지역 문화와 환경을 균형 있게 유지하기 위해서 필수적인 사항이다. 이 논문의 목적은 사화문화자원과 자연 자원을 결정하기 위한 관광사업의 관행을 탐구하는 것이다. 또한 문화 경관에 대한 주민 인식을 평가함과 더불어 지속 가능한 관광을 성취하기 위한 적절한 전략을 수립하기 위하여 미래의 관광자원 개발에 대한 논의를 하는 것이다. 본 연구는 인도네시아 East Java지역의 Bromo Tengger Semeru국립공원(BTSNP)에 있는 Tengger 고산 마을에서 진행되었다. 문헌 자료와 주민 인터뷰를 통하여 최근 관광 현황과 자원 활용에 관한 내용을 파악하였다. 관광 개발에 대한 주민의 관점, 문화 보전, 문화 경관 보호에 관한 사항을 주민 인터뷰와 설문지를 이용하여 얻었다. 식생 정보를 이용하여 최근 환경의 상황도 파악하였다. 조사 결과 BTSNP와 지역 주민의 정신적 문화 자원인 Tengger Caldera지역의 관광은 현저하게 증가하고 있었다. 문화와 자연 자원의 풍부성은 지속 가능한 관광을 위한 중요한 자본이다. 주민들은 관광 사업이 주민들에게 이익을 주고, 자연을 보전하고, 마을 주민들의 지속 가능한 전통적 생활을 보장하도록 계획되어야 함을 주장하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 문화 경관의 지속 가능한 관광을 위한 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 긍정적인 사회적 인식과 자연 문화자원에 대한 고유적인 특성의 보전이 필요함을 설명하고 있다. 끝으로 이러한 관점에서 지역 주민의 이익을 높이고 문화와 문화 경관을 균형 있게 보호하기 위한 생태적 장치가 필요하다.

We collected eleven large astronomical catalogues, which include 2MASS, USNO B1.0, GSC 2 catalogues and so on. Most of these catalogues are the frequently used by astronomers for all sorts of applications. But the researches are faced with the problem of accessing these databases because these catalogues contain from tens millions up to thousands of millions of records. So we developed a web application system to manage these large catalogues, the main purpose of the web application is to allow a powerful and efficient querying activity on these catalogues through internet by using a simple web interface. User could retrieve the query result in variety of formats including plain text, HTML, Microsoft Excel format (XLS), and VOTable. Furthermore, user also could display and analyze result graphically by using a powerful interactive visualization tools named VOPlot which was developed by the Virtual Observatory-India (VOI) project.

This research explains visualization of diagnostic system of 3D CAD data, IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification), by using JNI(Java Native Interface) to connect between C++ and Java programming. The diagnostic system is to analyze IGES clearly by

This research explains visualization of diagnostic system of 3D CAD data IGES(Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) by using JNI (Java Native Interface). The diagnostic system is to analyze IGES clearly by identifying errors and anomalies with respect to the diagnosis of geometry and topology entity. The output of the system is IGES file including error information which can be visualized with different colors by several commercial visualization systems. The paper focuses on the visualization of the result IGES which can be extended to web based application over internet because the system is developed by JNI to connect between C++ and Java programming.

This study aims to assess the impact of competitive pressure and innovation capability on business performance in small- and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in the batik industry in East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study explores the impact of competitive pressure on business performance through innovation capability as a mediating variable. This research was quantitative using primary data with questionnaire as a method of sampling collection. The measurement of the variables was captured using Likert scale. The respondents were small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the batik industry in East Java Province, Indonesia. The sample totaled 254 subjects. The data analysis was done using SEM-PLS. The results of the study show that: 1) there was a positive direct impact of competitive pressure on business performance; 2) competition pressure positively influences innovation capability; 3) innovation capability positively influences business performance; and 4) innovation capability has a partial mediating role in the effect of competitive pressures on business performance. The findings of this study suggest that managers in SME’s batik industry should increase their effort to cope with the high competitive pressure to increase the innovation capability, so that they can have an advantage to face successfully competitors, leading to higher business performance.

This study aims to examine the causality between production input and the price of rice in East Java, Indonesia. This study applied a quantitative method to understand in a comprehensive way the correlation between variables. The data used for this study were collected from several sources, including East Java Agriculture Office, Siskaperbapo.com, and Statistics Indonesia (BPS) of East Java. This research was carried out over five years, starting from 2014 to 2018. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by employing E-Views (version 7). The findings of this study indicated that, in the long run, the population, rice production, and changes in people’s income have a positive effect on price stability, but are inversely proportional if seen in the short term. In comparison, in the long run, farmer exchange rates variable has a negative impact on price stability, and inversely proportional in the short term, which has a positive effect. There are different implications when the people’s income increases and the rice price declines; these have great potential to alleviate poverty in East Java, Indonesia. This is due to the fact that the price stability also concerns the welfare of the community.

Purpose: This research aims to explore the level of air pollution in Jakarta, the epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and its surrounding provinces during the first month of the Pandemic. Research design, data and methodology: This study uses data, which have been obtained real time from API (Application Programming Interfaces) of air quality website. The measurements of Air Quality Index (AQI), temperature, humidity, and other factors from several cities and regencies in Indonesia were obtained eight times a day. The data collected have been analyzed using descriptive statistics and mapped using QGIS. Results: The finding of this study indicates that The Greater Jakarta Area experienced a decrease in pollutant levels, especially in the Bogor area. Nevertheless, some areas, such as the north Jakarta, have exhibited slow reduction. Furthermore, the regions with high COVID-19 confirmed cases have experienced a decline in AQI. Conclusions: The study concludes that the air quality of three provinces, Jakarta, Banten, and West Java, especially in cities located in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area during COVID-19 pandemic and large-scale social restrictions, is getting better. However, in some regions, the reduction of pollutant concentrations requires a longer time, as it was very high before the pandemic.

This research investigates the role of entrepreneurial leadership in micro-enterprise development in the district of Majalengka in West Java, Indonesia. This study applied a qualitative content analysis method to understand the phenomenon of micro-enterprises comprehensively. The data of this research was collected using surveys, interviews, and a group discussion. The findings indicated that technological information adaptation plays a crucial role in the development of micro-enterprise development. Since the group of millennials dominated the leadership, it has provided more creativity by implementing technological information instead of the previous generation that faced difficulties in adopting the technology. This study noted that inadequate technology adaptation makes micro-business gradually lose customers, and the business was threatened to close. Meanwhile, the role of leadership drives the business development, sales have risen, the number of products has been increasingly diverse, and business capital and number of employees have grown. The establishment of an entrepreneur group could facilitate peer-to-peer contact, knowledge transfer, training, and intervention to enhance leadership and business development. This finding pointed out that the leadership will successfully influence business development when supported by several characteristics such as manage the business, capture opportunities, confidence, firmness, personal integrity, communication, and social and technical expertise.

Maesopsis eminii, known as ‘umbrella tree’ in English, occurs naturally between 6oS and 8oN in tropical Africa. It is a species of moist forests and an early succession species, adapt at colonizing grasslands and disturbed areas in the high forest. It is widely distributed in forest re-growth and remarkably long lived for a pioneer species, attaining over 150 years. M. eminii was introduced into Java, Indonesia in the 1920s and has been widely cultivated in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan for timber plantations due to its timber value, fast growing and leave usage for fodder. Annual wood production potential is 30 m3/ha in Africa and 40 m3/ha in Indonesia. The final rotations for timber production are 20-30 years in Africa and 10-20 years in Indonesia, and rotations for fuel wood, poles and pulp production are about 8 years. Genetic resources (plus trees) of M. eminii growing in several populations from west Java were collected, and a progeny test of the 100 open-pollinated families was established in west Java, Indonesia. Early results from a field test of M. eminii are reported from the progeny test trial. Seedling height and diameter at root collar (DRC) were measured at 0, 10 and 15 months of ages. Age 0 means the measurement just before the planting. The averages of seedling height and DRC at age 15 months were 134.4 cm and 1.86 cm. Family survival rates were, on average, 65.6% and 62.8% at age 10 and 15 months, respectively. Family genetic variance and replication variance at age 15 months were higher than those at age 10 months. Seedling height was positively correlated with DRC growth and statistically significant at the same ages. The coefficients of genetic variation for seedling height and DRC were ranged from 0.01 to 12.69 and from 1.97 to 13.70. Heritability estimates obtained were 0.44, 0.04, 0.01, and 0.31, 0.01 and 0.02 for seedling height and DRC at age 0, 10 and 15 months, respectively. Family averages of the 10 best and the 10 poorest families for each trait indicated that there were large differences of seedling height and DRC growth among families and between ages. Genetic gain for DRC was expected to be substantial and higher than that for seedling height growth at age 15 months. Those results suggested that growth improvement through the superior family selection of M. eminii could be possible.