Caprine cryptosporidiosis mainly occurs in young goats, with morbidity rates of 80%–100% and mortality over 50% in goat kids. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of Cryptosporidium parvum, a diarrhea-causing pathogen, on the intestinal microbiota of goat kids. In this study, 16S rRNA-based metataxonomic analysis was performed to compare the microbial diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota between C. parvum-infected and uninfected goat kids. In total, 12 goat fecal samples were collected, including seven naturally C. parvum-infected and five uninfected goats from Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. After amplification of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA, high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed differences in the microbial composition between C. parvum-infected and uninfected groups based on beta diversity. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in both groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio between the two groups. Compared with the uninfected group, the C. parvum-infected group showed significantly higher abundances of Tyzzerella nexillis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Negativicoccus massiliensis, and significantly reduced abundances of Aerococcus vaginalis, Faecalicoccus pleomorphus, Oribacterium parvum, and Coprococcus comes. These findings indicate that C. parvum infection, which is associated with diarrhea in neonatal goats, induces alterations in the caprine gut microbiota.

Play is essential to life because it gives children joy, helps them grow, and provides important educational benefits. But in the past three to four decades, Korea has become rapidly urbanized and industrialized, so that the country has overlooked the educational importance of childhood play. Moreover, the parental mindset has turned from valuing the social environments found in natural playgrounds to supporting result-oriented education and competition. Recently, however, play is becoming recognized again for its educational benefits. Those needs have opened new business opportunities in the playground business. One of those new businesses is Kids Café, which provides indoor playgrounds for preschool-age children and café facilities for parents. Korea has no legal guidelines regarding formation of these businesses, and no detailed studies have been conducted to study customers’ needs. For businesses to be competitive in the future, they must know how they can compete by enhancing customer benefits. This study is intended to develop a marketing strategy for Kids Café by analyzing its competitiveness based on needs of children and their parents. We find that Kids Café has several main advantages in comparison with other playgrounds. Kids Café allows parents and children to enjoy themselves independently. Parents especially enjoy being easily able to see and monitor their children, and can take part in the program if they wish. The program does not require regular attendance as do paid classes and cultural centers; parents can bring their children when they have available time. Finally, children and parents can enjoy their leisure time both independently and collaboratively. Price, safety, play diversity, and convenient rest opportunities for parents determine whether parents will return to Kids Café. For sustainable growth, Kids Café must develop a customized and optimized marketing strategy according to customer type and needs.

This study aims to study factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency for Korean Missionaries' Kids (MK) dwelling in Turkey. 45 Korean MKs were asked to answer three different questionnaires designated to investigate Korean language proficiency, cultural identity and demographic background. This study adopts altered TOPIK for the evaluation of Korean language proficiency, and focuses on finding out the relationship of Korean proficiency with sexuality, age, age at immigration to Turkey, years of Korean study, self-recognition of cultural identity, cultural identity of Korea, and cultural identity of Turkey. The SPSS for windows 17was used for the statistical analysis.Ethnic Identity Scale was measured with the KAEIS that was developed by Ahn(1999) and Proficiency Test that was selected by TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korea) session 19, 20. Cronbach  for cultural identity of Korea was 0.823 and Cronbach  for cultural identity of Turkey was 0.691. Internal consistency reliability for Korean proficiency test was 0.891. The result shows that cultural identity of Korea and age at immigration to Turkey have significant relationship with level of Korean proficiency, especially age at immigration to Turkey has more significant relationship with the proficiency. The result from this study helps to recognize factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency. Especially, the Korean proficiency of MKs who live in Turkey has a close relationship with Korean cultural identity.These facts indicate that not only the Korean education are required to effectively increase the korean education itself, but also developing the pride of being Korean are needed to be followed up as well.

과학 기술의 발달은 우리에게 생활의 편리함과 물질적 풍요로움을 안겨주었으나 자연의 무분별한 개발로 환경파괴와 생태계의 위기를 동시에 가져오게 되었다. 이러한 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 접근방법이 제시되었지만, 환경문제는 빠른 시일 내에 단기적으로 해결할 수 있는 문제가 아니므로 장기적인 안목으로 볼 때, 다음 세대를 길러 내는 교육적 접근이야말로 가장 효과적인 해결방안이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 환경친화적 체험활동 프로그램을 활용하여 미래의 주인인 아이들 스스로 에너지 절약과 자연보호에 솔선수범하여 융합적 에코키즈(Eco-Kids) 마인드를 갖게 함으로써 살기 좋은 환경을 만드는데 책임감을 갖고 환경 보전 활동에 적극 참여할 수 있도록 하였다.

Today, Korea society focuses on multisociety and kid problem of multiculture home. Korea does not accept traditional multisociety, but entered in multiculture society according to economic, political, global trend. Multiculture society has so many problems; such as criminal situation, culture shock, identity destroy in multiculture home's kids. In this situation, how can do Korea church take care their life problems? Korea church should support toward them in multiculture home through missional education. This article mentions meaning of multiculture society and based on biblical foundation about multiculture society, kids of multiculture home, and Korea church mission toward mlticulture society. This study focuses on for survivals of migrants kids and social discrimination of Kosian in Korea society. Korea churches have to support their settlement by their own ways and encourage them to establish not only their own identity in Korean society but also Christian kid identity based on multiculture society. Therefore, how would Korea church' task do to support for children education of multiculture society. Above all, this article deals with knowledge shift of multiculture society about kid problem and education method. This multiculture came from low fertility and super aging society. Korea churches should response problems of multicultural peoples and their kid with multicultural living together in Korea society.

본 연구에서는 유아들을 대상으로 BGA 교육프로그램이 좌우뇌균형 발달에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실제 실험을 통하여 밝혀보는데 목적이 있었으며, 연구의 대상은 2010년 9월부터 2011년 2월까지 원아 60명(실험군 30명, 대조군 30명)에게 BGA 검사와 뇌파측정을 바탕으로 검증하였다. BGA 교육 프로그램은 일주일에 3회씩 6개월 동안 진행하였으며 1회교육시간은 30분 동안 실시하였다. 분석의 결과로 첫째, BGA 교육 실시 후 좌우뇌 편차에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 둘째, BGA 교육프로그램이 좌우뇌균형지수에 유의미한 변화를 미쳤다.

본 연구에서는 연구 대상을 일반 유아로 선정하여 특정한 치료적인 목적보다 교육과 학습에서 필요한 좌우뇌의 균형적인 뇌 발달에 초점을 맞추어, 유아들에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 한다. 연구의 대상은 2010년 1월부터 2010년 6월까지 S시, B시, J시, U시와 K도에 있는 관인 유치원 원아 200명에게 좌우뇌 교육 프로그램을 실시하고, 그 중 무작위 추출한 65명에게 B.G.A 검사를 통하여 뇌 발달변화를 보고자 하였다. 분석의 결과로 첫째, B.G.A 교육 실시 후 좌우뇌 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 둘째, B.G.A 교육 실시 후 두뇌 영역별 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

The issue of health risks from consuming unhealthy product is an important issue that is happening right now. Both developed and developing countries are already aware of the need for attention to the health-risk products. One tool that is believed to be able to change the consumption behavior of the health-risk products is the use of warning label on product packaging. As a persuasive act, both visual and textual warning label are believed to be able to change people's consumption behavior. In addition to the labels that contain health hazards, this research also uses social consequence contents. The main targets of such unhealthy product marketing are children and adolescents. Correspondingly, this study targets the age groups of kids and tweens. The method used in this research is experiment, involving 180 participants from two age groups namely kids and tweens. As a result, the study found that the influence of warning label on the age of tweens is greater in the age of the children. Meanwhile, the use of visual and textual warning label using social consequences contents, proved to be effective at the age of tweens. These results are useful for enrich social marketing subjects, especially within warning label research.

본 연구에서는 유튜브 키즈 콘텐츠 ‘캐리와 장난감 친구들’의 내용에 대해 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 ‘캐리와 장난감 친구들’ 동영상 중에서 조회 수가 10,000,000이 넘는 동영상 10편을 선정하였다. ‘캐리와 장난감 친구들’의 내용 분석을 위해 연구 대상 동영상을 3∼4차례 시청한 후 이를 전사하였으며, 전사본을 여러 차례 읽으며 의미 있는 내용을 범주화하였다. 그 결과를 누리과정 목표 및 5가지 영역과 관련하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, ‘캐리와 장난감 친구들’에서 내용을 전달하는 크리에이터 캐리는 영유아의 눈높이에 맞는 설명과 목소리를 사용하였으며, 예술경험 영역과 관련하여 진행하는 활동에 어울리는 복장을 착용하였다. 둘째, ‘캐리와 장난감 친구들’에서 내용을 전달하는 크리에이터 캐리는 의사소통 영역과 관련하여 영유아의 흥미를 끌 수 있는 의성어, 의태어를 사용하였다. 셋째, 키즈 크리에이터 캐리는 가족과 또래와 관련된 대화 시 사회관계 영역과 의사소통 영역에서 추구하는 바인 상대방 칭찬하기와 관련된 언어를 빈번히 사용하였다. 넷째, 의사소통 영역과 관련하여 표준어와 표준 발음에 어긋난 된소리화 현상이 주로 나타났으며, 다섯째, 기본생활습관에 반하는 내용이 담겨있었다. 본 연구를 통해 영유아기에 적합한 키즈 콘텐츠 제작 및 개발을 위한 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대한다.