본 연구는 특용작물인 인삼을 대상으로 식물공장에서의 LED 광원, Hertz와 Duty비에 따른 생리·생태학적 반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험에서는 LED 시스템을 이용하 여 광원의 종류를 단색의 적색광, 청생광, 백색광, 황색광, 원적색광 그리고 적색+청색 혼합광, 적색+청색+백색 혼합 광, 적색+원적색 혼합광으로 총 16개의 구배로 구성하였다. 적색+청색 혼합광은 Hertz를 각각 20, 60, 180, 540, 1620, 4860Hz로 처리하였고 적색+청색+백색 혼합광은 Hertz를 각각 60, 180, 540, 1620Hz로 처리하여, 이 실험을 각각 Duty비 30%, 50%, 70%로 총 3번의 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 인삼의 광합성률은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색+ 청색 혼합광의 20Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광과 적색+청색+백색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 높았다. 인삼의 증산률은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색 +청색 혼합광의 20Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 백색광의 180Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 청 색광과 백생광의 180Hz가 높았고 적색+청색 혼합광의 20Hz와 540Hz, 적색+청색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz가 높았다. 인삼의 수분이용효율은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색+청색 혼합 광의 180Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 황색 광의 180Hz가 높았고 적색+청색 혼합광과 적색+청색+백 색 혼합광의 1620Hz에서 가장 높았다. 위의 결과를 종합적으로 보았을 때 인삼을 식물공장의 LED광 조건으로 재배할 경우 Duty비 50%에서 가장 경제 적인 생산에 최적으로 판단된다.

D-D외 3종의 토양훈증제를 인삼의 연작토에 15cm, 30cm 깊이로 처리하였을 때 2년생인삼의 생육과 화학적조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 본 시험을 실시하였다. 1980년 3월 7일 처리, 4월 1일 이식, 8월 19일에 채취하여 근, 경, 엽으로 나누어 일반 무기성분(N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn)을 분석한바 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 훈증제처리가 2년생인삼의 지상하부의 생육을 촉진하였는데, 지하부 생체중의 경우 , 건물중의 경우 증가하였다. 2. 지상하부의 질소와 인산의 함량은 훈증제처리구에서 무처리구에 비하여 증가하였으나, a의 경우에는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. K의 경우에 있어서는 지하부에서는 함량이 감소하였으나, 지하부에서는 증가하였다. 3. 미량요소의 경우에 있어서는 Mn, Fe의 함량은 훈증제처리구에서 증가하였으나, Na, Zn의 함량에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 4. 훈증제의 처리깊이(15cm, 30cm)에 따른 차이에서 보면 2년생인삼의 생육과 화학적조성에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었다.

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 ㎝ to 40.5 ㎝, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 ㎜. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 ㎜ to 11.3 ㎜. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from 28° to 89° and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 ㎝ to 27.3 ㎝. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.

Background : This experiment was conducted to select suitable industrial crop after Panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse in the middle area. Methods and Results : This experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Chungbuk Agricultural Research Service and extension services from 2015 and 2016 years. Ginseng grown four years in greenhouse. After cropping of Panax ginseng was transplanted Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita, and Codonopsis lanceolata. Non-cultivated field that were grown sesame. Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, and Codonopsis lanceolata was collected in the Chungbuk area and Dioscorea opposita was collected in Andong-si. Each industrial crop after panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse was sowing from late April to early May 2015 years. The growth and yield of crop examined in the experiment were good on the whole except Codonopsis lanceolata without disease due to continuous cropping of Panax ginseng. The yield of Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita, and Codonopsis lanceolata was 803kg, 1,393kg, 1031kg, 412kg per 10a respectively, and the every decline yield index was by 1%, 8%, 12%, and 31% respectively. The proper crop in after cropping of Panax ginseng was cynanchum wilfordii, which was yielded 1,393kg per 10a by fresh tuber and it was 1% decline compared to the non-cultivated field. Conclusion : In this study, Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita was recommended as a crop after Panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse in the middle area.

Background : Recently, some of the previous stuies reported that was useful technique on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng transplantation in a rain shelter greenhouse. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum method of greenhouse shading for ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivaton in the northern area of Ganwon, Korea. Methods and Results : We carried out to select optimal shade materials and light-penetrated ratio among polyethylene film with two-layered polyethylene net(PEF+PEN) and blue-white duplicated PE film(BWD-PEF) in the condition of greenhouse for ginseng cultivation. The order of light-penentrated ratio by shade meterials was PEN(75%)+PEF 〉 PEN(85%)+PEF 〉BWD-PEF(85%) 〉BWD-PEF(90%) and the order of air temperature was BWD-PEF(85%) 〉BWD-PEF(90%) 〉PEN+PEF(85%) 〉PEN+PEF(75%). The net photosynthetic rate was higher in PEN(75%)+PEF than other shading material treatments during growth season including summer high-temperature period. The root weight and yield were increased by 31.2~55.0% and 25.6~52.2%, respectively under PEN+PEF(75%) compared to other shading materials. Conclusion : We concluded that the PEN+PEF(75%) could be a good shading meterails of the greenhouse for organic 4-year-old ginseng cultivation in northern area of Gangwon, Korea.

The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the cultivation site soil and growth characteristics of organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng samples (4-, 5-, and 6-year-old) were collected from 52 fields at 14 locations throughout Korea. The samples were collected over three years from 2013 to 2015, with the collection period between October and November of each year. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, the amount of nutrients was increased to match that of the conventional cultivation system, which highlights the need for proper management in accordance with the standards for chemical properties of soil. Growth duration of organic ginseng was ≥60 days shorter than that of conventional ginseng and its average yield per 1ha was 60% than that of conventional ginseng. Root weight of organically cultivated ginseng was approximately 54% that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Rhizome diameter and body shape index of organically cultivated ginseng were lower than those of conventionally cultivated ginseng, indicating that organically cultivated ginseng was thinner and longer than conventionally cultivated ginseng. Root length was greater in 5-year-old conventionally cultivated ginseng with a low percentage of paddy-upland rotation fields. The number of rootlets was lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with a high percentage of direct seeding cultivation. Dry weight was distinctly lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with early defoliation than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Incidences of notched belly and root rot tended to be higher in conventional cultivation, with the incidence of notched belly being distinctly higher in 4- and 6-year-old roots and root rot being more prevalent in 5- and 6-year-old roots. Red discoloration and eelworm damage, which are highly affected by soil moisture, were most common in the organically cultivated 4-year-old roots. Organically cultivated ginseng showed early defoliation than conventionally cultivated ginseng, as a result, its yield and weight were low, while the incidence of physiological disorders was low. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, studies on cultivation technology that can overcome early defoliation, as well as soil moisture management that can minimize physiological disorders, are required.

Background : The authors of this study analyzed the effect of the green manures cultivated in the soil of the preparation field in order to select the green manures suitable for ginseng cultivation and the effect of the green manures on the variation of ginseng growth development, the content of crude saponin and yield ability with the aim to use the results as the primary data for improving the quality of ginseng. Methods and Results: To analyze the effect of the application of green manures on the growth of ginseng, the authors cultivated 4 varieties of green manures and installed blue polyethylene sheet and one-layered black polyethylene net+three-layered blue polyethylene net(OBPNTB) and sun-shading material on the managed soil by re-applying green manures and then cultivated ginseng. The results suggested that the growth of ginseng was excellent in the barley+hairy, barely and rye cultivation plot in the plot treated with OBPNTB rather than the cultivation plot teated with Blue polyethylene sheet(BPS) and two-layered blue & two-layered black polyethylene net(TBTBPN), and the growth of leaf length and stalk diameter was excellent in barely + hairy vetch material. For the underground root weight, the growth was the most excellent(30.19g) in the barley+ hairy vetch cultivation plot treated with OBPNTB. For the underground red discoloration and root rot, the incidence rate was the lowest in the plot treated with BPS in which the water leak in a levee was small than in the test plot treated with sun-shading net. For the ginsenoside content in the cultivation plot treated with TBTBPN, the ginsenoid content was the highest in the rey cultivation plot, and it was the highest in the cultivation plot treated with OBPNTB. Conclusion : The results of study suggested rye among green manures is the most suitable for the growth of ginseng; underground growth was the most prominent in the plot treated with sun-shading net material (black 1 + blue 3) and the underground ginsenoside content was the most prominent in the rye cultivation plot and the plot treated with the sun-shading sheet.

국내에서 수집된 인삼 자원 중에서 작물학적 특성이 우수하다고 조사된 54점(6~7년 근)을 대상으로 UPOV 조사 기준에 따라 주요 형태적인 특성들을 조사한 결과 경수는 1~4개 범위로 1개인 것이 42.6%이고, 2개인 것이 38.6%로 경수가 1~2개인 것이 전체 81.2%로 나타났으며, 경수가 5개인 것은 없었다. 장엽수는 3~6엽 범위로 5엽이 55.6%였고 4엽인 것은 25.9%였다. 경색은 자색계열이 전체 81.5%로 자색이 46.3%, 연자

국내 수집 재래종 인삼과 기존육성품종과의 유전적 연관을 통해 풍기지역 고유의 재래인삼 특성을 구명하고 지리적 표시제 및 신품종 육성을 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유전적 연관 분석에서 가장 먼 것으로 분류된 풍기지역 수집종 331002 등 5점과 금산지역 수집종 332009 등 5점간의 형태적 특성을 비교한바 풍기 재래종 인삼의 경수는 1~2개로 금산지역 수집종과 차이가 없었으나, 장엽수, 경색, 엽병색, 소엽 모양에서는 금산지역 수집종과 차이를 보였다. 즉 풍기 재래종은 장엽수가 5개이고 소엽 모양이 타원형이며, 경색과 엽병색이 자색, 연자색, 진자색 등 다양한 것이 특징적이었다. 특히 유전적 연관에서 풍기지역 수집종 중 331002, 331005, 331007 및 331026은 함께 grouping 되었지만 331002는 대비 품종인 천풍과 99.5%에서 함께 group지어져 있었다. 특히 331002 등 이 3개의 풍기 수집종은 기존 품종과 유전적 차이를 나타내보였다. 이를 통해 풍기 수집종 331002, 331005, 331007은 국내 재래종에서 순계분리법으로 선발된 기존육성품종과는 유전적 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 331007은 농가 조사에서 나타난 주요 특성을 모두 갖추고 있어 풍기 재래인삼의 고유 특성을 가진 것으로 추측 되었다. 본 연구를 통해 풍기지역 재래 인삼의 주요 형태적 특성을 확인하였고, 유전적인 면에서도 타 지역 수집종과 기존육성품종과도 구분되어짐을 확인하였다. 더불어 선발된 OPD05 등 9개의 prime는 경수 1개, 장엽수 5개, 소엽 모양은 타원형, 경색과 엽병색이 자색계열인 특성을 지닌 풍기 재래인삼을 구분하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있어서 인삼 유전자원의 특성 구분 및 품종개량에 유익하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 고려인삼 재래종의 유전적 차이를 RAPD marker로 평가하였다. 재래종은 우리나라 주요 인삼재배 단지인 괴산, 금산, 남원, 포천, 양주, 연천, 영주로부터 수집한 인삼에서 10개체를 임의 선발하여 사용하였다. 9개 지역의 90개체를 대상으로 RAPD분석을 한 결과 48개의 primer 중 OPA 7, OPA 13, URP 2, URP 3, UBC 3의 5개 primer가 재현성이 있고 재래종 내 개체간에도 다형성인 band를 보였다. 재래종 집단간보다 재래종 내에서 유전적 다양성이 낮았다. 재래종 집단 간 또는 재래종 집단내의 유전적 차이가 있다는 것은 이 집단들이 헤테로라는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라에서 재배중인 고려 인삼은 유전 자원의 혼합으로 헤테로라는 것을 암시한다. 선발된 5개의 primer를 이용하여 90개체를 집괴분석한 결과 국내 재래종 인삼은 5개군으로 그리고 3개의 아군으로 구분되었다. 국내 재래종 인삼은 유전적 변이가 크므로 인삼 육종을 위한 재료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.