오늘날 세계화의 진전은 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리에 관한 국제규범체계에 대해서도 많은 영향을 미치고 있으며 관련 국제규범 역시 이에 대응하여 다양한 변화를 모색하고 있다. 특히, 초국경적 성격의 감염병의 예방 및 관리에 관한 문제는 세계보건기구(WHO)의 「국제보건규칙」(International Health Regulations: IHR)뿐만 아니라 WTO협정체제를 중심으로 하는 국제통상법을 비롯하여, 기타 국제인권법, 다자간환경협약(MEAs) 등 다양한 영역의 국제법에서 주요 공통의제로 다루어지고 있다. 이는 WHO와「국제보건규칙」(IHR)만으로는 여전히 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리에 관한 체계적 대응과 효과적인 국제공조에는 한계가 있을 수밖에 없기 때문이라고 할 것이다. 이런 상황에서 본 논문은 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리에 관한 일반조약인「국제보건규칙」(IHR)을 중심으로 그와 밀접한 연관관계에 있는 여타 국제협정들, 특히 WTO협정체제와의 상호관계에 대한 논의를 통해 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리 및 감시ㆍ감독에 관한 국제규범체계의 복합성과 다양성에 대한 이해를 도모하고, 관련 국제규범 상호간의 조화를 도모하기 위한 ‘규범조화적’(rule-harmonized) 접근방식을 제시하는데 초점을 두고자 하였다. 현재 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리 문제를 직접적으로 규율하고 있는 가장 중요한 국제실정법규는 「2005년 국제보건규칙」(IHR 2005)이며, 그 밖에도 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리를 위한 WHO의 입법권능을 명시하고 있는 「WHO 헌장」 역시 주요 국제실정법규 중의 하나로 거론되고 있다. 「IHR 2005」는 이전 버전인 「IHR 1969」와 비교하여 여러 면에서 차별적이고 혁신적인 것으로 평가받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 「IHR 2005」는 여전히 규범적으로 본질적인 한계를 내포하고 있으며, 현실적인 적용 측면에서도 여러 문제점을 노출하고 있는 등 완성된 규범체계라고 할 수 없어 향후 정비ㆍ개선을 통한 보완의 필요성이 끊임없이 지적되고 있다. 이처럼 현재 미완성 규범체계로 머물러 있는 「IHR 2005」의 한계와 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 향후 「IHR 2005」 자체에 대한 지속적인 정비ㆍ개선뿐만 아니라 여타 관련 국제법 분야와의 상호 조화와 보완을 통해 감염병의 예방 및 관리에 관한 국제규범체계의 완성도를 높이고 관련 국제협정들 상호간의 시너지 효과를 높이는 것도 중요한 과제라고 할 것이다. 「IHR 2005」와 여타 관련 국제협정들과의 관계에 대한 재조명이 필요한 이유이다. 이런 점에서 국제법상 국가 자체의 안보를 중시하는 전통적인 안보 관념을 확장하여 근래 개별 인간에 중심을 둔, 새로운 인간안보(human security) 관념의 등장과 발전은 주목할 만 하다고 할 것이다. 감염병의 발생ㆍ확산은 이제 더 이상 일정 영역 내 국가적ㆍ지역적 차원의 단순한 보건 이슈가 아닌, 경우에 따라서는 국제평화와 안전에 대한 중대한 위협이 되고 있기 때문이다. 이처럼 오늘날 감염병의 발생ㆍ확산이 국제법상 국제평화와 안전에 대한 위협을 구성한다는 관념은 감염병의 예방ㆍ관리에 관한 문제에 있어서 「IHR 2005」와 WTO협정체제 등 여타 관련 국제협정들을 글로벌 보건안보 관점에서 서로 조화롭고 통합적으로 해석ㆍ적용하는 것을 가능하게 함으로써 「IHR 2005」와 여타 관련 국제협정들 간의 충둘ㆍ갈등 가능성을 최소화하는 동시에 「IHR 2005」의 불완전성을 어느 정도 보완하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 ‘규범조화적’(rule-harmonized) 접근방식은 「IHR 2005」를 이행함에 있어서 「UN 헌장」과 「WHO 헌장」을 따라야 한다는 원칙, 「IHR 2005」와 기타 관련 국제협정은 상호 합치되게(양립되게: compatible) 해석되어야 한다는 원칙, 「UN 헌장」상 의무 우선의 원칙에도 모두 부합하는 합리적인 접근방식이라 할 것이다.

This study aims to provide a real-time information to the driver by effectively operating the advanced safety device attached to the freight vehicle, thereby minimizing insecure behavior of the driver such as speeding, rapid acceleration, sudden braking, And improve driving habits to prevent accidents and save energy. Advanced safety equipment is a device that warns the driver that the vehicle leaves the driving lane regardless of the intention of the driver and reduces the risk of traffic accidents by mitigating or avoiding collision by detecting a frontal collision during driving.The main contents of this report are as follows: In case of installing a warning device on a lane departing vehicle (excluding a light vehicle) and a lorry or special vehicle with a total weight exceeding 3.5 tonnes, the driver must continue to operate unless the driver releases the function.In addition, when the automatic emergency braking system is installed, the structure should be such that the braking device is operated automatically after warning the driver when the risk of collision with the running or stopped vehicle in the same direction is detected in front of the driving lane.

This study aims to provide a real-time information to the driver by effectively operating the advanced safety device attached to the freight vehicle, thereby minimizing insecure behavior of the driver such as speeding, rapid acceleration, sudden braking, And improve driving habits to prevent accidents and save energy. Advanced safety equipment is a device that warns the driver that the vehicle leaves the driving lane regardless of the intention of the driver and reduces the risk of traffic accidents by mitigating or avoiding collision by detecting a frontal collision during driving.The main contents of this report are as follows: In case of installing a warning device on a lane departing vehicle (excluding a light vehicle) and a lorry or special vehicle with a total weight exceeding 3.5 tonnes, the driver must continue to operate unless the driver releases the function.In addition, when the automatic emergency braking system is installed, the structure should be such that the braking device is operated automatically after warning the driver when the risk of collision with the running or stopped vehicle in the same direction is detected in front of the driving lane.

Safety accidents, which are called industrial accidents in construction work, are often caused by unstable physical and personal conditions combined during preparation and execution of work. It is difficult to manage all the construction works, but especially in the field of apartment construction work, complex and many kinds of works are being carried out at the same time. In the current construction, safety regulations such as safety management guidelines are generally well maintained, but the execution of manpower resources that can fulfill them is limited, and it is difficult to reduce the accident rate and loss cost. Therefore, in this study, it is a reality that most of the types of construction work are under contruction by subcontracting contract, so they are limit by methods of manual maintenance and safety education. Currently, the subcontractor is also allowed to perform safety management through the composition of the safety management review body, but it is operated formally. So alternatives to this were studied. As a result, safety accidents occur in the subcontractor's worker due to vertical integration, which is characteristic of the construction industry, together to the contractor, the safety management system is based on a safety construction system in which a worker who has a certain qualification condition such as career experience of the work type, work understanding of the work type, and management experience of the work type among the subcontractor, when we manage based on mutual personality which is the personality of interpersonal relationship that can communicate with each other by work type, process and grouping, it is concluded that effective and practical safety management can be achieved to reduce the accident rate and loss cost.

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

PURPOSES : The objective of this research is establishing system components and optimizing operational procedures in order to systematically manage road cave-ins in urban areas.METHODS: Based on the literature review and alternative comparison, optimization methods is suggested.RESULTS : Throughout the study, location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure) were clarified, and the optimization methods for each item were suggested.CONCLUSIONS: Road cave-in management should be focused on user safety rather than focusing on economic aspects. The occurrence of road cave-in should be addressed thoroughly by road management system(location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure), and the optimization methods), since they are closely related to road users' safety.

In th process of the way music service changing from download to streaming with the improvement of internet technology, digital sound transmission was regulated as a sub-concept of public transmission that is separated with transmission and broadcasting through copyright law revision in 2006. While the scale of digital sound transmission copyrights collecting is steadliy increasing the rate of its settlement distribution is not, as it is applied to the field of bankground music in shop service way of internet streaming. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the reason why the rate of digital sound transmission settlement distribution is not increasing in the same league as the increasing rate of its copyrights collecting and to propose an improvement for the rate of increasing its settlement distribution.

Effluent treated by an NaDCC injection method in Ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for four marine pelagic and freshwater organisms, i.e., diatom Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pellicuosa, chlorophyta Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The biological toxicity test revealed that algae was the only biota that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 25-50%, 50-100% and >100%, respectively, at three water condition, but did not show any significant toxicities on other biota. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below 0.03 g/L and a total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, volatile halogenated organic μ compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), chloropicrin and Isocyanuric acid. Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the other DBPs did not exceed 1 for General harbor environment. However, four substances (Isocyanuric acid, Tribromomethane, Chloropicrin and Monochloroacetic acid) were exceed 1 for Nearship environment. But observed toxicity in the test water on algal growth inhibition would be mitigated by normal dilution factor of 5 applied for nearship exposure. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA showed that the BWMS effluent treated by NaDCC injection method would have no adverse impacts on marine environment.

It is a system that supports efficient sharing of information by real-time communication through application and web-based collaborative work space. IOT / ICT technology into the construction site to manage the entire process in real time. It is possible to predict and prevent accidents by using real time accumulated big data information, and it is necessary to diversify research using data.