The construction method of scaffolding structures is different from Mortise and Tenon and bucket arch structure of traditional large woodwork. It forms an independent construction system-fixing nodes with knots, a large number of diagonal braces are used to fix shelves and the structures mostly contain X-shape and triangular shape details. Simple ones include stalls, sheds, rain sheds, altars, lamp racks etc. But the scaffolding with larger scale and more complicated structure are modeled on archways, theatres and other buildings which are used in commercial and festival activities. At present, Macao, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places in China have retained the custom of using scaffolding structures in important festival activities, but their uses, techniques and building types are slightly different from place to place. Due to building and demolishing at any time, the construction and service cycle is short. As a result, there are almost no physical objects left. We can only deduce the use and technical characteristics of ancient scaffolding skills through the colorful building styles that have been preserved with folk activities in various parts of China, the craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation by the scaffolding guild and artisans, and the description of cultural and historical materials and the mutual corroboration of visual materials.

중국은 2017년 웨강아오 대만구 정책을 국책 사업으로 확정하고, ‘웨강아오 대만구 발전규획’ 공포를 앞두고 있다. 동 대만구는 광동성 9개시와 ‘일국양제’를 실시하고 있는 홍콩 및 마카오 특별행정구 간의 지역통합화 정책이며, 광동자유무역시범구 조성, 강주아오 대교 개통 등으로 동 대만구 조성에 필요한 제도 및 기초 인프라가 갖추어지고 있다. 본고는 동 대만구 조성과 정책화 과정을 살펴보고, 분석을 통해 동 대만구 정책의 문제점을 도출하고, 영향력을 전망하는 것을 연구목적으로 한다. 분석결과, 동 대만구 정책은 행정 및 권역별로 다층적 과정을 거쳐 최종 정책으로 형성되었으며, 대만구 조성은 경제 외에도 사회·문화적 요인이 정 책화에 기여했음을 발견할 수 있었다. 동 대만구는 ‘일국양제’의 실험장을 광동 9개시까지 확 대시켰으며, CEPA 효과 극대화를 위한 플랫폼으로 작용할 전망이다. 다만 이질적 제도 하의 지역간 통합화, 광동성 내부의 격차 극복, 일대일로 정책과의 불협화음, 전례가 없는 협의체 구성과 운영이라는 어려움도 상존한다. 동정책은 인프라 건설, 광동자유무역시범구의 적극 활용, 도시별 차별화 진출 전략 필요라는 시사점을 우리 기업에게 제시하고 있다.

Since the liberalization of gaming industry in 2002, Macau has become the leading destination for gaming, leisure and entertainment in Asia. Recently, few large-scaled integrated resorts (IRs) have been established and opened to public, bringing more diversified destinations for visitors in Macau. These include casino, hotel, food and beverage, retail, entertainment, etc. With this, there is no doubt that IR operators have to understand how consumers behave and respond to value added products in the IRs. Differentiating one IR from another raises the significance of innovating resort products to retain existing consumers and attract new ones. This research has investigated the impact of potential non-gaming value added products at Venetian Macao Resort on consumers’ patronage and has identified what key subitems can be added to stimulate consumers’ feedback and make them revisit the resort, recommend it to others or be interested in visiting it someday. Questionnaire was designed according to the structural equation modeling (SEM). Results proved the importance of potential value added products at Venetian Macao Resort in influencing consumers’ intention. Based on the findings, suggestions were offered to the management group of Venetian Macao Resort for its future implementation of value added products. Moreover, the results will encourage other IRs in Macau to improve further towards the goal of shaping Macau in becoming a world class tourist destination. First time visitors are more likely to consume in the areas of hotel, retail and casino, while multi-time visitors would prefer to spend on hotel, retail and F&B. To some extent, implies that casino does not seem to be the key activity to make the previous guests return. In addition, spending in hotel, retail and F&B are ranked high on visitors’ preferences, indicating that visitors at Venetian Macao Resort are willing to have diversified consumptions in the non-gaming areas. Moreover, the ways of value adding in terms of promotional pricing, new technology application, upgrading of products, customization and rewarding system can be used frequently as references for the future product improvement at the resort.

In the 16th century, the country of the heaven’s son Ming Dynasty had been on the verge of decline. Under such a circumstance, Portuguese who had been shown along the coast of Southeast Asia occupied the Malacca Kingdom with their force, which was a tributary state to China for a long time, resulting in disturbances in the tributary trading system whose summit was Ming Dynasty. Although Portugal with its entry to the Sea of Southeast Sea wanted to keep a tributary relations for the stable and organizational trading activities with China, the government of Ming Dynasty could not overcome its suspicion and fear against Portugal as they had not experienced such a situation, resulting in forming conflicts for a long time. Macao – The process to form residences of Portuguese in Macao can be said to be a course to expand the understanding and trust on the counterpart while the government of Ming Dynasty with no power to control the counterpart were reducing the suspicion and fear against Portugal. Although Ming Dynasty could not embrace Portugal as one of the tributary states, it allowed their stay in Macao as the land of the heaven’s government. Although gateways were installed to control the access of Portuguese to the inland, their trading was never blocked. Although Portuguese did not give up the construction of walls under the justification of protecting their living foundations from the external invaders such as the Dutch, they served for the government of Ming Dynasty which allowed them to have their safety and Christian missionary works until they were perished. The Portuguese residents in Macao with Catholic churches and Western buildings in the Iberian style together with Chinese colors can be said to be cultural heritages which came from the contacts and conflicts between China and Portugal.