The study is an attempt to investigate on the features of using Idioms in "HongLouMeng", a Chinese literature. While classifying and analyzing idioms used in "HongLouMeng". The study conclude that there are two categories of the features of using Idioms in "HongLouMeng". One is the features in style such as number of letters and signal article. The other is the features in terms of content such as metaphor, replaceability and similarity. First, number of letters. Based on the number of letters, the idioms are classified into four-lettered idioms and non four-lettered idioms which consist of more or less than six letters. Chengyu(成語) is commonly four-lettered, while Suyu(俗 語) is mostly six lettered. Xiehouyu(歇后語) has the largest number of letters since it has to be considered with preceding and following letters. Second, signal articles. The articles such as ‘俗語說(Suyushuo)’ helps idioms to be clear with the intended meaning. Third, metaphor. As the almost every idiom is used as a figurative expression, idioms in "HongLoumeng" also tend to be has same effect. Forth, replaceability. Suyu(俗語) can be replaced by Chengyu(成 語) or Xiehouyu(歇后語) and vice versa. The virtue of the author's fluent commend of language allows the replaceability between idioms, in the way of using Chengyu(成語) or Xiehouyu(歇后語) to implicate Suyu(俗語). Fifth, similarity. Throughout "HongLouMeng" a number of idioms were replaced into similar expressions with same meaning which use a new word or rephrase the order of words. Idioms which contain same lessons and messages are also found numerous times with completely different structure and words. Replacing idioms instead of repeating exactly same expression shows the outstanding linguistic ability of author. The study on the five features would help to understand idioms in "HongLouMeng" more clear and make it much interesting. The author's fluent commend of language is worth to be consideredfrom various angles as it plays important role in a linguistic and a culturological points of view.
The study is an attempt to investigate on the features of using Idioms in "HongLouMeng", a Chinese literature. While classifying and analyzing idioms used in "HongLouMeng". The study conclude that there are two categories of the features of using Idioms in "HongLouMeng". One is the features in style such as number of letters and signal article. The other is the features in terms of content such as metaphor, replaceability and similarity. First, number of letters. Based on the number of letters, the idioms are classified into four-lettered idioms and non four-lettered idioms which consist of more or less than six letters. Chengyu(成語) is commonly four-lettered, while Suyu(俗 語) is mostly six lettered. Xiehouyu(歇后語) has the largest number of letters since it has to be considered with preceding and following letters. Second, signal articles. The articles such as ‘俗語說(Suyushuo)’ helps idioms to be clear with the intended meaning. Third, metaphor. As the almost every idiom is used as a figurative expression, idioms in "HongLoumeng" also tend to be has same effect. Forth, replaceability. Suyu(俗語) can be replaced by Chengyu(成 語) or Xiehouyu(歇后語) and vice versa. The virtue of the author's fluent commend of language allows the replaceability between idioms, in the way of using Chengyu(成語) or Xiehouyu(歇后語) to implicate Suyu(俗語). Fifth, similarity. Throughout "HongLouMeng" a number of idioms were replaced into similar expressions with same meaning which use a new word or rephrase the order of words. Idioms which contain same lessons and messages are also found numerous times with completely different structure and words. Replacing idioms instead of repeating exactly same expression shows the outstanding linguistic ability of author. The study on the five features would help to understand idioms in "HongLouMeng" more clear and make it much interesting. The author's fluent commend of language is worth to be consideredfrom various angles as it plays important role in a linguistic and a culturological points of view.
In the 16th century, the country of the heaven’s son Ming Dynasty had been on the verge of decline. Under such a circumstance, Portuguese who had been shown along the coast of Southeast Asia occupied the Malacca Kingdom with their force, which was a tributary state to China for a long time, resulting in disturbances in the tributary trading system whose summit was Ming Dynasty. Although Portugal with its entry to the Sea of Southeast Sea wanted to keep a tributary relations for the stable and organizational trading activities with China, the government of Ming Dynasty could not overcome its suspicion and fear against Portugal as they had not experienced such a situation, resulting in forming conflicts for a long time. Macao – The process to form residences of Portuguese in Macao can be said to be a course to expand the understanding and trust on the counterpart while the government of Ming Dynasty with no power to control the counterpart were reducing the suspicion and fear against Portugal. Although Ming Dynasty could not embrace Portugal as one of the tributary states, it allowed their stay in Macao as the land of the heaven’s government. Although gateways were installed to control the access of Portuguese to the inland, their trading was never blocked. Although Portuguese did not give up the construction of walls under the justification of protecting their living foundations from the external invaders such as the Dutch, they served for the government of Ming Dynasty which allowed them to have their safety and Christian missionary works until they were perished. The Portuguese residents in Macao with Catholic churches and Western buildings in the Iberian style together with Chinese colors can be said to be cultural heritages which came from the contacts and conflicts between China and Portugal.
Movie sometimes has been actively used as political propaganda because it is one of genre in communion with public. In socialist countries, such as China, in which intervention and interference of state power being explicited widely, political messages in movies have been reflected in any forms. Mass production of the recent films on the subject of Sinocentrism is a good example. Historically, in China where confucianism has been settled as state religion since DongZhongshu, so-called Sinocentrism has been applied in the center of manas dominating international order to establish the relationship of neighbor countries. In particular, it is recently a discerned atmosphere that China's vertical rise of global status in many aspects has made Chinese domination and interference take for granted. Reflecting this trend, recent films with themes of culture supremacy, grand unification, and heroism have been poured into the world these days. Since the late 90s, so-called ‘National Studies fever(國學熱)’ that booms to reexhibit China’s traditional ideas proceeded in the maximized form has given birth to the movie <Confucius>. The Confucius who was once perceived negatively by the Communist Party of China as a vestige of feudal society is shed new light on and now he comes back to the heroic shape and mobilizes national consciousness dispelling the current crisis of moral civilization. Apparently, Confucius meets the sign of 'China' the most, but what we should not overlook is that he has been already sublimated to the absolute value of East Asian civilization and spirit through historical process so he is no longer tied to ethnic myth.
This study explains relationship of low-carbon green growth among China, ROK, and DPRK. How this and inter-Korean cooperation in energy & environment were interrelated will also analyzed here. Low-carbon green growth is indispensable to sustaining industrial and economic development of these three nations. It seems as if green growth was last on the list of concerns of Western politicians. But now China and South Korea as well as some Western countries were keen to tell the world that they have a strong interest in green growth. 'Green growth' and 'sustainability' are the words on the lips of people all over the world. ROK hosted the Group of 20 Summit and the government's strong drive for green growth reshaped Korea's position on the global map. With the help of President Lee Myung-bak and world leaders, the Global Green Growth Institute has recently turned into an official international organization. Furthermore, the president pledged to establish a Global Green Technology Award and raise government financial assistance to promote the green growth era and motivate talented minds. South Korea is willing to help DPRK with green industry, even for future unified Korea.
이 논문은 한중관계의 국제 전략적 환경에서 출발하여 한중 전략적 동반자관계의 내실화 추진 방안을 탐구하였다. 한중 수교 20년 이후 양 국은 경제, 정치외교, 군사안보 등 영역에서의 협력은 거대한 성과를 거 두었다. 양국의 경제관계는 여전히 경제발전의 불균형과 같은 제약요인 이 존재하고 있으나 경제무역, 투자 등 영역에서의 협력은 심화되고 있 다. 정치영역에서의 협력은 고위급간의 빈번한 방문과 이러한 방문의 정례화 내지는 국제무대에서의 공조와 같은 성과를 이루었다. 군사영역 에서의 협력은 성과가 있었으나 여전히 낮은 단계에 머물고 있다. 중국 의 부상에 따른 지역역학 관계의 변화, 북한에 대한 한중 양국의 인식 차이는 전략적 차원에서 한중 관계에 소극적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 한 국은 한반도 문제의 당사자로서 특히 ‘강한 당선자’로서 전략적 차원에 서 북한을 접근할 필요가 있으며, 정책의 선택에서 변화된 중국과 미국 의 힘의 균형을 고려할 필요가 있다. 중국은 한중 관계의 발전을 위하 여 북한의 개혁, 개방과 같은 체제 변화의 유도와 국제사회로의 복귀를 적극 권장해야 할 것이다.