간행물
中國學 KCI 등재 중국학 Chinese Studies
- 발행기관 대한중국학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 계간
- ISSN 1229-9618 (Print)2671-7506 (Online)
- 수록기간 1984 ~ 2024
- 주제분류 인문학 > 중국어와문학 인문학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 912DDC 951
권호리스트/논문검색
제36집 (2010년 8월) 11건
1.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
한국어에는 음소 결합 제약에 의한 음운변동 9종, 노력 경제의 음운변동 19종, 표현을 강화하기 위한 음운변동이 3종으로 모두 31종의 음운변동이 있고, 중국어에는 결정적 변동 6종, 수의적 변동이 12종으로 모두 18종이 있고, 이들 중 성조의 변동이 7종이고, 분절음의 변동이 11종이다.
한국어의 음운변동 중 중국어에도 같은 조건이 형성될 수 있어 중간언어 음운을 형성할 수 있는 변동 규칙은 무척 제한적이며, 이 논문에서는 연음, 두음법칙, 자음접변, ‘ㄹ’과 ‘ㄴ’의 유음화, ‘ㄹ’의 비음화, 그리고 특이한 현상으로 중국어 ‘r/ʐ/’ 음가의 오류에 기인한 유음화 및 비음화, ‘-ㄱ’ ‘-ㄷ’ ‘-ㅂ’의 비음화, 구개음화, 자음 위치 동화 등에 걸쳐 중국어 학습 상에 나타나는 전이 혹은 간섭으로 인해 나타나는 오류를 분석하였다.
한국어 화자가 중국어의 분절음에 대해 일으키는 가장 중요한 오류 원인은 한국어와 중국어의 음절구조가 모두 CVC 체계이지만, 종성 자음이 중국어에는 /n/과 /ŋ/의 두 개 뿐인데 반해, 한국어는 ‘ㅂ/p/’ ‘ㄷ/t/’ ‘ㄱ/k/’ ‘ㅁ/m/’ ‘ㄴ/n/’ ‘ㅇ/ŋ/’ ‘ㄹ/l/’의 7개로 다양하기 때문이다. 한국어에서는 ‘ㅇ/ŋ/’을 제외한 6개의 자음이 뒤 음절이 모음으로 시작하는 경우는 종성 자음은 뒤 음절의 초성으로 연음되어 CVC+V(C)를 CV+CV(C)의 형식으로 조절하지만, 중국어는 단음절적 특성 때문에 이러한 연음은 일어나지 않음에도 불구하고 한국어 화자의 중국어 학습에서 이를 연음하는 오류가 발생하며, 또 뒤 음절의 초성 자음과 연결될 때는 어떤 형태이든 자음끼리의 충돌로 인한 변동이 아주 다양하게 일어난다. 하지만 중국어에는 종성 자음 /-n/으로 인해 일어나는 자음 위치 동화 현상 정도 밖에 없다. 하지만 한국어 화자는 한국어의 종성 ‘ㄴ/n/’이 일으키는 각종 변동을 중국어에 전이하는 오류를 범하는 경우가 많다.
자음 위치 동화 역시 마찬 가지 이유로 한국어에서는 아주 복잡하게 나타나 지만 중국어에서는 비교적 간단하다. 한국어 화자는 한국어 종성 ‘ㄴ/n/’과 마찬 가지로 한국어의 각종 변동을 중국어에 전이하는 오류를 범하는 경우가 많다.
자음 위치 동화는 노력 경제의 수의적 변동이다. 지나친 동화는 의사소통의 문제를 일으킬 수 있으므로 가능한 한 원래의 발음을 준수하도록 교육하는 것 이 중요하다.
중국어의 정확한 교육을 위해서는 이러한 음운변동의 상호 대비적인 이해를
철저히 해야 할 것이다.
6,900원
2.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Tandem學習法用漢語叫‘互助學習法’。本來的意思是說‘兩個人一起騎 的自行車’, 或者說‘一起騎自行車的行爲’. 後來就發展成表示兩個人通過互相 幫助而協助謀事的意思。把這樣的方法應用到外國語學習上的, 就稱爲 Tandem學習法。就是不同母語的兩個人組成一個組, 像兩個人一起騎自行 車一樣, 以50:50爲基本原則, 每個人一面當學習者, 一面當敎師, 互相學習, 互相敎授。Tandem學習法起源於1980年代德國的Bochum大學. 現在是在歐 洲很受歡迎的一種外國語學習法. 但是國內漢語敎育學界很少有人知道。
現在國內的外國留學生當中, 中國留學生佔的比率最高, 他們都要學習 韓國語與韓國文化, 也都很需要韓國人的幫助, 韓國漢語系的學生也都要學 習漢語與中國文化, 因此這兩國的學生都是一個通過互助自己學習目標語的 很好的學習條件。中國留學生都很願意交韓國朋友, 韓國的漢語系學生也是 如此. 如果硏究出讓這兩國學生能够撘配起來的敎學法的話, 這兩國學生們 就能够非常有效地達成自己的學習目的, 也對外國語學習法會有很大的幫 助。
本硏究從這一思路出發, 要找出可以把這樣的條件活用到外國語學習上 的具體方法。所以筆者通過這篇文章, 給國內學者介紹Tandem學習法, 而 且說明Tandem學習法在國內漢語敎學上採用的必要性和具體運作上要解決 的問題。我很希望今後國內學者們能共同關心, 共同硏究, 幷爲本國的外國 語學習者所用, 能够開發出適合韓國的韓國式Tandem學習法。
5,200원
3.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
本文为了探讨新HSK的教学理念, 对《国际汉语能力标准》与《欧洲共 同参照标准》进行了比较分析。通过分析，我们得到了以下的结果：
第一、这两种标准在制定原则与制定目的上具有同一性质，就是一种制 定教学大纲、编写教材和测试学习者语言能力的综合性参照标准，同时是以 交际语言能力理论为指导, 注重语言的实际运用的语言标准。
第二、这两种标准在框架与等级划分方面却有不同，这表明《国际汉语 能力标准》一方面吸收了《欧洲共同参照标准》的基本理念，另一方面还继承了《汉语水平等级标准》的等级标准。
新HSK在教学理念上直接受到《国际汉语能力标准》与《欧洲共同参 照标准》的影响，而且与《欧洲共同参照标准》一样分为六个等级，而形成 了与《欧洲共同参照标准》相似的面貌。那么，新HSK为什么在很大程度 上借鉴了《欧洲共同参照标准》？这可能是与国际汉语推广有关系。为了实 现国际汉语推广，首先要解决教学课程与能力标准的不一致问题。《欧洲共 同参照标准》是已在欧洲各国普遍采取的国际语言能力标准，所以与它接轨 的话，就能确保国际通用性。我们认为新HSK是在这样的背景下开发出来 的。
6,300원
4.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
《詩經》古時有三千餘篇，孔子‘去其重’，定《三百》，‘始於衽席’， ‘關雎之亂以爲風始’。<關雎>是《詩經》三百篇中卷首之作。因此司馬遷說 的‘衽席’和‘亂’就是<關雎>居《詩經》之首的兩大意義，也是司馬氏所能體 會到的孔子意圖。‘衽席’含蘊男女的本性，‘亂’則指禮樂。<關雎>本是男女 相悅之詞，但經過孔子的手，就變成了輔佐禮的樂章。《孔子詩論》所云 “<關雎>以色喻於禮”可說是孔子注重<關雎>的緣故。孔子歎息“未見好德 如好色者”，又強調‘戒色’。不過孔子的‘戒色’並不是抑制本性，以教化的方 法來調和，使人的動物本能上升到人性，以詩（樂）明禮，以禮節制本性， 這就是孔子注重樂禮的原因。再來從《韓詩外傳》載有子夏問孔子‘<關雎> 何以爲國風之始’與孔子的答復“天地之間，生民之屬，王道之原，不外此 矣。”將此與司馬遷所論對照，可以探窺孔子的微言大義。
5,700원
5.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Chinese classical literature had a strong influence on Akutagawa Ryunosuke's works. Akutagawa Ryunosuke showed a portrait of intellectual to look for hope among in a desperate situation through his work 「TuTze-chun」. I tried to compare with Tang Dynasty Novel 「DuZi-chun zhuan」and Akutagawa's 「TuTze-chun」to find the meaning of the differences.
First, the seasonal background, 'Winter' and 'Spring' is very important to define Du Zichun's character that is angry about the outside world or Society and only focuses his attention on the inner or individual, then we can find a wandering and weak modern intellectual.
Second, the third meeting with the old man is also significant. Because each DuZi-chun has a different choice at the third meeting, so we can reconfirm a social-oriented and self-centered character through the third meeting. After the third meeting with the old man, Tang Dynasty Novel's DuZi-chun succeeded in constructing an ideal society, then went to the old man to return his favor. But Akutagawa's decided to enter a Mountain to seek the truth.
The last, Tang Dynasty Novel's DuZi-chun was failed to practice, because of mother 's love for her child, Akutagawa's gave up his purpose due to son's love for his mother. And then Tang's old man got disappointed with DuZi-chun's failure, but Akutagawa's old man was delighted to DuZi-chun's abandonment. Each DuZi-chun's reaction is entirely different with their failure; Tang's DuZi-chun was sorry and penitent for his failure, if anything Akutagawa's was just relieved to cry out when he hugged his mother.
5,100원
6.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
本稿是翻译蕭子顯的《南齊書·文學傳論》并附上详细注释的文稿. 在這 篇《文學傳論》里, 蕭子顯對文學問題發表了自己的看法. 首先, 他認爲文 章是作家情感和性靈的表現. 好的文章是“氣韻天成”的. 其次, 他重視藝術構 思, 認爲寫出文章, 出于精妙的藝術構思. 客觀事物對作家的感召是無蹟可 尋的, 變化無窮. 再次, 他認爲“在乎文章, 彌患凡舊, 若無新變, 不能代雄”. 强調文學要不斷發展變化. 這些觀點都是很有價値的. 他將當時文章歸爲三 類, 追溯其源流. 第一類文章“迂回疏緩”“酷不入情”, 源自謝靈運. 第二類文 章“緝事比類, 非對不發”, 與傅咸咏《五經》的詩歌和應璩的指事是一類. 第 三類文章“發唱驚挺, 操調險急, 雕藻淫艶, 傾炫心魂”, 源自鮑照. 蕭子顯對 以上三類文章持批評的態度, 自然對鮑照的批評是不正確的. 最后, 蕭子顯 提出“天機”與“參自史傳”的學力相結合的文學創作主張, 要求“言尙易了, 文 憎過意, 吐石含金, 滋潤婉切. 雜以風謠, 輕脣利吻, 不雅不俗, 獨中胸懷”, 甚爲可取. 這些觀點, 都有相當的理論深度. 后世嚴羽的“詩有別趣, 非關理 也”, 袁枚的“性靈說”, 都與之有思想上的傳承關係.
7,000원
7.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
本文之重要注釋內容如下:
<某奉使過北都, 奉陪司徒侍中潞國公雅集堂宴會. 開懷縱談, 形于善 謔. 因道魏收有“逋峭難為”之語, 人多不知“逋峭”何謂. 宋元憲公云: “事見《木經》, 蓋梁上小柱名, 取有折勢之義耳.” 文人多用近語, 而未 及此, 輒借斯語抒為短章, 以紀一席之事. 繕寫獻呈>: 詩題之“折勢”意 味着折屋勢使屋頂下凹. 第三句“自知伯起難逋峭”之“逋峭”意味着人之 有風致. “逋峭”這個詞原本是指書法上平緩和險峻之勢，融合而成的一 個獨特風格.
<行次奚山>: 該詩的詩題, 《蘇魏公文集》的所有板本都寫着<次行奚山>, 而 “次行”這個詞的意思是“次序”或者“第二行”, 但該詩題並不 意味着蘇頌先行過某個地方, 再行過奚山. 淸鈔本《蘇魏公文集》卷十 三的卷首和《全遼詩話》, 則把該詩的詩題寫成<行次奚山>, 而“行次” 意味着行路中達到某個地方. 考慮到蘇頌創作該詩時情況, 該詩的詩題 應爲<行次奚山>才對.
<觀北人圍獵>: 蘇頌觀看契丹族圍獵的壯觀, 似乎覺得這種圍獵活動 就等於軍事訓鍊, 因而産生了一種愁緖, 而這個愁緖表現在該詩七․八句 的風景描寫裏.
<契丹馬>: 對于詩題原注的“馵”這個詞, 《易․說卦》之孔疏解釋爲 “馬後足白爲馵”, 但這種解釋在該詩裏並不通. 這個“馵”應從《玉篇》 和《埤雅》, 解釋爲“羈絆”才對.
<廣平宴會>: 該詩的第六句表現着遼國臣僚對皇帝或者皇太后進獻生 辰禮物的情況, 該生辰典禮應爲《遼史․嘉儀》之“皇太后生辰朝賀儀”或 者“皇帝生辰朝賀儀”.
9,000원
8.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This paper inquired into the discourses on material culture in the latter half of Ming dynasty, which including Gao Lian's Eight Discourses on the Art of Living, Xiang Yuanbian's Nine Records from a Banana-shaded Window, Wen Zhenheng's Treatise on Superfluous Things, Tu Lung's Desultory Remarks on Furnishing the Abode of the Retired Scholar, Zhang Yingwen's Pure and Arcane Collecting. The discourses by Jiangnan intellectuals were compiled during the years 1590 to 1630 and dealt with their classification of and the way of seeing material world. Gao Lian and Xiang Yuanbian were rich merchants who cultivated cultural attainments necessary to be a literatus and tried to enter into elite society, Tu Lung passed Jinshi examination as a son of merchant, became an official, and succeeded to enter into elite society. On the other hand, Wen Zhenheng and Zhang Yingwen were members of elite society. Their discourses on material culture can be viewed on the one hand as rich merchant's cultural effort to try to enter into elite society, on the other hand as elite group's cultural capital on which they sought ways to differentiate themselves.
6,000원
9.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This article is the valuation analysis of the New Narration Styles of Chinese Novels of the new-era（1970’s~1990’s). Narrative Style is the starting point of analysis perspective of novels as well as of expression. In addition to summarized formal system of Narrative Styles, to explain the value of them is also an important part of the analysis. The valuation of these narration styles is mainly reflected in changes. By studying and describing the changes, this article concludes the new approach from the overall series analysis.There are three main points:1, describing the new style contents of induction and their causes;2,reflecting the general characteristics in the structure of the narrative styles;3,describing the substance and significance of the new narration styles.
6,100원
10.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Business credit means the credit relationship between seller and buyer during the exchanges of goods. It is a result of common exchanges of goods and economic development. The business activities in Tang Dynasty were more active and varied than those in Wei&Jin Dynasties. According to the record of history, although payment in advance and delayed payment appeared during that period, business credit had not become common activities. It is in the northern and southern Song Dynasties that ancient Chinese business credit system came into being and developed into complete form. At that time the founding of this advanced and scientific economic policy promote the business economy of Song Dynasty to it’s prosperous time.
5,200원
11.
2010.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
China was a feudal country for about 2,000 years when a number of uprising by peasants took place endlessly because of exploitation by bureaucrats. Those peasants requested reforms in land distribution system that would raise their social position and bring financial profits to them. The Chinese population was about 80 million in the Han period. It was slowly increased to 120 million which was maintained in the T'ang, Song, Win and Ming periods. But the population was explosively increased to 430 million in the Ching period. or this reason, lots of peasants moved to inland, mountainous places where they faced resistance from natives who had been farming there for generations.
Cheongbang' was a private organization that was initially formed in the Ching period by seamen who worked at a large canal in the southern part of China. It was later integrated with Hongbang into 'Chenghongbang'. After the Xinhai Revolution, Cheonghongbang didn't intervene in political incidents any more. But some members of the organization formed another organization, or 'Banghoe' as one of the most representative crime bodies in the modern history of China. Leaders of Cheonghongbang who had been the puppets of the Chinese National Party were later moved to Taiwan along with the party, took refuge to Hong Kong and Macao or hided themselves in the Chinese emigrants of southeastern Asian countries. And there, they formed a pan-Asian crime organization, that is, 'Triad' or 'Samhaphoe'. The other members of Cheonghongbang who were left in the mainland China return to the life of ordinary people after submitting a written oath not to involve in crimes in accordance with the anti-crime guidelines of the Democratic People's Republic of China which was founded in 1949. As Deng Xiaoping implemented policies for national reforms and opening, pseudo-underworld society crime organizations began to gradually emerge in the southeastern coastal cities of the country. Since then, about 30 years have passed. Now, the organizations exist in all regions and business fields of China. They are maintaining mutual cooperative relationships with the security police. The organization is offering bribes to the police. In return, the police is aiding the crime bodies to be firmly established and continuously developed.
8,300원
