There are three angles from which Chinese characters should be researched: 1) As a tool for recording the language―to research the nature, structure and the evolution of the characters; 2) As a carrier of ancient Chinese culture―to research the inherent culture in the single character; 3) As a trendy factor of society―to research how characters and society influence each other.
The translations are divided between writing and speaking. Yanfu who classified into three factors on speaking as firm, communicated, and detail of sentences. But is could not be kept all. The function of the speaking is communication and its features is a interpretation. There is somethings about speaking from other because its standard is the speed and the belief. Accordingly, the paper had the goal to indicate the effective schooling models in the speaking system. The operation process is that first, the memory training which begins learning the basic grammar of China. Second, it is a something practicing for many phrases, idioms, 歇后語, 俏皮話 of China. Finally, it shows the method to translate one sentence diversely. It has the feasibility of the schooling model which is studying through the class both undergraduate students and graduate"s. Here tried to improve the lower teaching method as studying how to teach by means of promptly meet the needs of the times. The paper is based on between cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics theory.
Eight Poems emphasized in imitating the counterparts of poets in Yexia. Xie lingyun successed in imitating that ecstatic life stored in Chaopi’s memory. Neverthless, actually, in their poems, the poets were indulged in enjoyment instead of striving for their dreams, and they also ignored the conflicts between Chao’s family and literators living in Yexia. Hence, we come to the conclution that Eight Poems do not tell the historical truth. Probably, we can say the tours in Yexia is a beautiful memory only belonging to Chaopi, while Xie lingyun overstated it as a memory of the high class collectivity.
This paper studied 《Lady white is putted down forever under the Leifeng pagoda》 written by FengMonglong in the Ming dynasty, especially focusing on the symbol of the characters. The important characters of this piece are a lady white, who is originally a monster white serpent, a young man XuXuan and a Zen master Fahai. If perusing this work, we can know that these characters symbolize the mind: the Lady white is a symbol of the id, the young man XuXuan is of the ego, and the Zen master Fahai is of the superego.
According to Freud"s theory, Human personality is made up the id, the ego and the superego. The id is a instinctive energy and a storing place of libido. This follows "Pleasure Principle" pursuing only the pleasure but evading the unpleasantness. The ego is something of a result appearing above the surface when the id only chases after Pleasure principle. The superego is related with the sociality and the ideal in the individual spirit, and is a realm of personality"s social value, the conscience and the ideal in the Human personality of Psychoanalysis.
Because the ego always exists between the id and the superego. And only the ego can manage the practical adaptation that normal life makes a demand about the outside, so it is situated in a weak and an uneasy position.
The young man XuXuan in the novel is described as a weak man. He is always under the control of the Lady white, also to free himself from the Lady white, he asks the Zen master Fahai for help after all. XuXuan"s character shows that the ego is affected by the id and the superego. The lady white is a symbol of the id. She has a hold XuXuan and makes him pursued the pleasure, on the other hand she is into collision with the Zen master Fahai who is a symbol of the superego.
As a result, the important characters of the piece of 《Lady white》 are a symbol of Human personality: the id, the ego and the superego. Just as the mythology represents the human life"s meaning and the human mind, also the main characters of this novel represent the relation between the id and the ego, the relation between the ego and the superego, the relation between the id and the superego through the symbolism.
The paper is that studied the lowerclass values reflected in 《Sanyan》 and 《Erpai》 which were published in some drawing papers in the end of Ming(明) era. Among them, the lowerclass, are mainly small size merchants, handicraftsmen, labor workers, the unemployed, and rude Xiake from the urban communities.
Those who ran away from the urban were only struggling for living with their privileges curtailed; that is accumulation of capital and chance of education. First of all, they never gave up the desire to advance from their difficulties and longed to realize the justice of the society. The Xiake created a figure to realize their ideal, a person who spoke for the lowerclass. The Xiake was a hero of the lowerclass eliminating social absurdities and moral corruption from the society and embodying in the righteous communities. Their ethics was prominently low by both economical wants and loss of education. They seemed to carve for themselves just to live recklessly. They didn"t also feel remorse for their crimes and reflect on their doing bad acts; abductions, extortions, deceptions, and violations. The ethics of them no longer existed. Their life was controled by both the sense of the survival, and just the advantages. Therefore, the social confusions incurred the lowerclass laid in front of them could not easily be solved.
Novels in China were recognized as the humble literature style and remained on the periphery for a long time. Getting to modern ages, novels were understood by the ways a save-the-nation drive and the Enlightenment and began to be written actively. Also novels occupied the central part of literature due to their diverse theories. Although the process was fairly unnatural, it aroused unprecedented development. Later it led to the birth of new novels of China after 4th May. It tried to study Zhuboshi; such as the social reality, wishes and anguish which they wanted to include by exploring novel theories and real creation of short stories which were actively discussed at that time.
Criticism of the Third World by James Frederick whose meaning is understanding the individual"s destiny to the ethics"s destiny in a literary work of the Third World and is the main method we use for approaching China, is still availably used. When we appreciate China films, we always pay attention to being of how Rushin style"s steel jail turns up in the movie. A desire should be suppressed, and their bloom of youth and life should be ruined. In the period we currently criticize orientalism and formalism as well as we gave cheers to director of 5th generation, China style "Steel jail" should be turned up to satisfy our "imagination". Otherwise, it does not mean reflecting China"s real situation. What does the real situation mean. Does that mean it satisfies our style"s imagination about him.
However the film standard on international film festival is not just specific oriental culture and art standard, and they just focus on "Producing method" of China film system. More significantly, naming of art actuality of 6th generation of them is "Underground film" that makes us understood the background of this phenomenon. If you see the evaluation about him by world, that is noticing on the 6th generation, achievement of art and cultural side of film is not mentioned at all and emphasis thing is only political meaning of film. Provided that Jangimeowoo’s style film is offering the traditional orientalism of western, entering western of the 6th generation, which is the expected imagination of current China, is used for satisfying the foreign free intellectual"s imagination in terms of China"s democracy, improvement, resistance, citizen community, men around. So to speak in another meaning, they make another "imagination" of China by being aware of China"s real situation with abundant "clairvoyant power" arranged. If a primary style of Jangimeowoo"s style is the narrow way China"s film goes to the World, so then, independent film is possibly one of the fast way our current movieman can enter western movie society.
How should we approach to China. Various points of view to approaching methods are needed.
Here is the study concerned both the feminist movement and the women"s liberation in the modern China. Especially, it is elaborately inquired into a representative person and womanhood. The studies are as follows. First, here is where the prejudices of researchers still remain. But fortunately, the history of the feminist movement was written by funds of country in 2005. Also, the distinguished researchers start to have an interest on the women"s history. Second, it does not decided both the conceptions and the categories in the feminist history. For example, the problems which are setting up the theoretical form and how to evaluate, and accept the women"s views. Third, the existing study results do not reach its enough line with qualitative and quantitative. Finally, studies, collections, and readjustment do not lead to its level.