In this study, in order to analyze the water purification efficiency according to the influent water conditions of artificial wetlands, the purification efficiency was compared at two points where sewage treatment water flows in and one point where good effluent flows in. As a result of reviewing the results of the analysis of influent and effluent and the removal efficiency, the T-N and T-P removal efficiency was calculated at 54.7% and 77.4%, respectively, for the two points where sewage treatment water was treated, the treatment efficiency of SS 90.8%, BOD 51.1%, TOC 30.6%, T-N 38.8%, T-P 55.3% was shown. As a result, the efficiency of removing pollutants in the artificial wetland was found to be proportional to the concentration of influent water, and in order to create an efficient artificial wetland, it is judged that thorough review and management at the design stage are necessary considering that the removal efficiency of high-concentration contaminated water was high.

PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the safety and management of private highways. METHODS : Variables were selected based on the data and performance related to the safety of 18 private highways. The appropriateness of operations management was reviewed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) analysis. Items with a scope for improvement were reviewed and adjustment measures were presented. RESULTS : To increase safety management efficiency, the degree of reduction in personnel and operating expenses was presented based on the relative efficiency group. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to adjust the appropriate management organization and operating costs according to the characteristics of each route. Moreover, the limitations of the study and possible improvements were presented.

It is essential to provide a safe working environment for radiation workers. At a research reactor decommissioning site in Seoul (KRR1 & KRR2), radioactive waste drum disposal work is in progress. Before performing radiation work, it is necessary to determine the radioactivity of the waste drum to ensure safety. In this reason, we conducted a study to determine the detection efficiency of waste drums using the EXVol code. Determination of the full energy absorption peak efficiency (detection efficiency) is one of the important processes of the gamma-ray activation analysis. For the large voluminous gamma-ray sources like waste drum, the geometrical and attenuation effect should be considered. EXVol (Efficiency calculator for eXtended Voluminous source) code is a detection efficiency calculation code using the effective solid angle method. EXVol can calculate both coaxial and asymmetric structure. In addition, the introduction of a collimator made it possible to reduce the radiation intensity of a high radiation source. And it is possible to determine the precise detection efficiency according to the energy of a gamma ray at a specific position of the volume source. To verify the performance of the EXVol, a high resolution gamma spectroscopy system was constructed and measurement and analysis were performed. Measurements were performed on coaxial, asymmetric and collimated structures with standard point source, standard 1 L liquid volume source and HPGe detector. The measured results were compared with the calculation results of EXVol. The relative deviation of the measurement and calculation in the coaxial and asymmetric structures was 10%, and that of the collimation structure was 20%. Results can be available in analysis of waste drums’ radioactivity determination at a specific position.

지방관리 무역항은 비교적 중소형 무역항으로 지방도시의 경제력 강화 및 지역 산업 부가가치 제고를 위해 활발한 운영이 필요 하다. 또한, 선박대형화가 이루어지고 있는 국제적 흐름에서 지방관리 무역항의 효율성 증대를 위해 항만기본계획상 기존 선석규모 대비 대형선박의 접안이 필요하며, 부두 및 선박의 안전성 확보를 위해 대형선박 접안시 계류시설 확충 및 안전운용기준 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지방관리 무역항 중 옥계항을 선정하여, 현행 2만 DWT급 부두에 5만 DWT급 선박이 계류시 시나리오에 따른 계류안전성 평 가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 대상 부두에 100톤급 계선주를 신설하였을 경우, 긴급이안기준은 기존 파주기 3.2초에서 풍속 27노트, 파주기 5.0초에서 풍속 22노트의 계류 한계 조건이 파주기 3.2초에서 풍속 41노트, 파주기 5.0초에서 풍속 36노트로 약 50 % 정도 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과는 지방관리 무역항에 기존 선석규모 대비 대형선박 접안시 부두 계류시설의 안전성 강화와 안전운용기준 설정 을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

This study set up the estimates of leakage management efficiency evaluation and leakage management goal that could be used in local water distribution networks efficiency business and modernization business. The data were analyzed using data envelopment analysis and multiple regression analysis. To this end, with leakage management input indices concerning leakage reduction activities (e.g., aged pipe replacement, water meter replacement, leakage restoration, and leakage detection) and leakage management calculation indices (e.g., the increase of revenue water ratio and the reduction of leakage ratio), the data on 22 K-water consignment local water supply systems were analyzed for the years from 2004 through 2018. Using the results of efficiency analysis by data envelopment analysis, the other DMUs (Decision Making Unit) benchmarked the DMU with the highest efficiency to maximize the leakage management efficiency for all DMUs. Through this, leakage management goal estimates were drawn with the input indices of four leakage reduction activities and calculation indices of the increase of revenue water ratio and the reduction of leakage ratio by multiple regression analysis for each group based on the revenue water ratio and leakage ratio. The correlation coefficients of the leakage management goal estimate for the criteria for the revenue water ratio amounted to 0.553 and 0.771. The correlation coefficients of the leakage management goal estimate for the criteria for leakage ratio were 0.397 and 0.865. Accordingly, we estimated the quantity and priority of four leakage reduction activities for the target leakage ratio and revenue water ratio.

이 연구의 목적은 연안사고 예방을 위해 연안해역의 효율적 안전관리 방안을 살펴보는 것이다. 최근 연안해역에서 연간 약 800 여건의 크고 작은 연안사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 이 중 연평균 129명의 사망(실종)자가 발생하고 있어 대책이 필요하다. 이에 연안해역의 안전관리 담당기관인 해양경찰에서는 2014년 「연안사고예방법」을 제정하고, 지방자치단체, 해양수산부, 소방청 등의 관계 기관과 협력하여 연안해역을 안전관리하고 있다. 그러나 국민의 삶의 질 향상에 따라 여가를 활용하여 수상, 수중, 낚시 등의 연안체험·레저활동이 급증하는 것에 비해, 해경의 인력 및 안전마인드가 부족하고, 국민의 안전의식이 미약하며, 관계기관의 관심 저조 및 협력 미흡, 안전관리시설물 부족 등으로 인하여 연안사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 최근 연안사고 통계자료 등을 토대로 연안해역의 안전관리 실태와 문제점을 고찰하고, 외국의 연안해역 안전관리 사례를 분석하여 해양경찰의 안전마인드 제고 및 역량 강화, 관계기관 간 협력 강화, 지자체의 역할 제고, 신기술 적용한 안전관리시설물 확충 및 관리 강화, 해양안전문화 확산, 민관협력거버넌스 활성화 등의 연안해역의 효율적 안전관리 개선방안을 제시한다.

The production of abalone seed has grown and been specialized since the 2000s with the growth of the abalone farming industry. Despite the increase in the production of abalone seeds, the sales volume of abalone seeds remained flat and competition among producers increased. This paper will analyze the management efficiency of abalone seed production fishery to diagnose the management status and improve the abalone seed production efficiency. In addition, this study is the result of the basic research on the abalone seed industry and it is meaningful to prepare a platform for further research since the management status survey and the management efficiency survey of abalone seed production fishery have not been conducted until now. The data on the farmed fish prices of abalone seeds were collected from surveys of sample fish as part of the fish seed observation project conducted by the Fisheries Outlook Center (FOC) of Korea Maritime and Fisheries Development Institute (KMI). Management efficiency analysis utilizes DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. The DEA model was analyzed by classifying into CCR (Super-CCR), BCC, and SBM (Super-SBM) models according to the assumptions taking into account the characteristics of the industry. The slack considered in the SBM model was judged as possible decreases in input variables and increase in output variables. The average efficiency from the CCR model was analyzed to be 69%. The BCC model was classified into input and output orientations, and the average efficiency was 79% and 75%, respectively. There were seven production fisheries with an SE value of 1 or more, which remained unchanged in terms of size and could be benchmarked. The average efficiency of the SBM model was 59% for CRS and 66% for VRS. Under the VRS assumptions, the variable increase/decrease efficiency analysis shows that labor costs can be reduced by 37.3%, facility capacity by 18.8%, and operating costs by 8.5%. In order to improve management efficiency, Wando needs to reduce labor and management costs. In Jindo region, sales increase as well as labor cost reduction is urgent. In other regions, reduced facilities and increased sales are recommended.

Protecting and preserving the natural and environmental treasures of Jeju Island is, eventually, the collective responsibility of the people of Jeju, all levels of the government, corporate and the environmental NGO sectors. Jeju Island has a vibrant environmental NGO sector with about 80 NGOs providing a variety of active environmental services. All efforts and services to conserve the environment of Jeju Island for the benefits of future generations need to be galvanized within the overarching environmental governance where all three sectors actively participate and make collective decisions within the three key elements of sustainable development: people, planet & profit. The key ingredient for promoting networking and collaborative opportunities between environmental NGOs, government entities and corporations is to improve their trust on one another. Given the current status of environmental NGOs - governments - corporations relations, it will take time to develop such trust, but if small measures are undertaken, mutual understanding & respect between the leaders of NGOs, government and corporations will grow and eventually result in mutual trust.

Along the 3,200km-long coastline, Vietnam has a significant number of seaports, which are relatively large and named as the keys to economic development. However, most ports are relatively small with obsolete facilities and poor supporting services. Among three largest ports countrywide, Ho Chi Minh City seaport has had the highest throughput and productivity per annum of the country for years, assumed the role of the major port in the south, where cargos and containers come and go from all industrial parks in the southern region. Situated on what was the outskirts but is now the outskirts or suburbs of Ho Chi Minh City, it has however shown some drawbacks, i.e., expansion of the port is not an option regardless of the high throughput. Apart from the inadequate infrastructure, ports are facing another setback due to backward pricing. The rapid increase in number of ports also created a “race to the bottom” situation, where Vietnam ports have reduced their price to attract customers. The direct results are lower service quality and an inability to reinvest into port development. Therefore, the restructuring of Ho Chi Minh City seaport system has been launched since 2006 whereby the plan not only resolves the limited size, obsolete facilities and traffic issues, but also becomes more efficient as the new port complex is located conveniently among the region’s industrial parks and export processing zones of Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria – Vung Tau. In line with this plan, the paper will mainly aim to provide the outstanding constraints which Ho Chi Minh City seaport system faced, including illogical distribution among ports/terminals regardless the scale, capacity and geographic locations; ineffective and insecured mooring and anchorage buoys; undeveloped logistic services centres and lack of connecting infrastructure. As so, the recommendations for single issue will be provided.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiencies of project management offices in large information system construction projects using the data envelopment analysis. In addition, we tried to estimate the confidence interval of those efficiencies using bootstrap DEA to give a statistical meaning. The efficiency by the CCR model is analyzed as eight project management offices are fully efficient and 22 project management offices are inefficient. On the other hand, there are 15 project management offices are fully efficient, but 15 project management offices are inefficient in the BCC model. As the result of the scale efficiencies, of the inefficient project management offices, 13 project management offices are inefficient in scale. It is possible to eliminate the inefficiency in the CCR model by improving their project performances. And, the nine project management offices showed that the inefficiency was due to pure technical efficiency, and these companies should look for various improvements such as improvement of project execution system and project management process. In order that the inefficient project management offices be efficient, it is analyzed that more efforts must be made for on-budget and on-time as a result of examining the potential improvement potentials of inefficient project management offices.

The purpoose of this paper is to analyze the relative effciency of dreid laver processing companies in Korea and provide the development direction and improvement plan for the dried laver industry. Data on 76 dried laver processing companies were selected as the subjects for Dea. As a result of Dea, the average efficiency rate is shown that the technical efficiency is 84.90%, the pure technical efficiency is 93.83%, and the scale efficiency is 86.65%. and based on BCC results 38 companies are relatively efficient. comparing pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, it showed that inefficiencies caused by scale of the company was greater than inefficiencies caused by the scale of technical matter. It implies that expanding the size is essential for achieving high-efficiency of dried laver processing company. In the inefficiency factor analysis, the result reveals that unstable supply of raw materials, quality management, capital flexibility and distribution ability influence the efficiency of laver processing company.

Safety accidents, which are called industrial accidents in construction work, are often caused by unstable physical and personal conditions combined during preparation and execution of work. It is difficult to manage all the construction works, but especially in the field of apartment construction work, complex and many kinds of works are being carried out at the same time. In the current construction, safety regulations such as safety management guidelines are generally well maintained, but the execution of manpower resources that can fulfill them is limited, and it is difficult to reduce the accident rate and loss cost. Therefore, in this study, it is a reality that most of the types of construction work are under contruction by subcontracting contract, so they are limit by methods of manual maintenance and safety education. Currently, the subcontractor is also allowed to perform safety management through the composition of the safety management review body, but it is operated formally. So alternatives to this were studied. As a result, safety accidents occur in the subcontractor's worker due to vertical integration, which is characteristic of the construction industry, together to the contractor, the safety management system is based on a safety construction system in which a worker who has a certain qualification condition such as career experience of the work type, work understanding of the work type, and management experience of the work type among the subcontractor, when we manage based on mutual personality which is the personality of interpersonal relationship that can communicate with each other by work type, process and grouping, it is concluded that effective and practical safety management can be achieved to reduce the accident rate and loss cost.

본 연구는 연안여객선사의 안전관리 운영 효율성을 분석하기 위한 기초연구로 적절한 안전경영지표 평가항목을 설계하고 연안여객선 사를 대상으로 평가항목의 유효성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 연안여객운송사업자의 안전관리책임자, 공무원(선박검사관), 여객 선 운항관리자 등으로 구성된 전문가 그룹을 통해 연안여객선사의 자발적 안전관리 활동을 평가하기 위한 5개의 평가항목과 14개의 세부 평가요 인을 선정하고 사전검증 및 테스트를 통해 객관성을 제고하였다. 이 안전경영지표 평가항목을 이용하여 44개 연안여객선사에 대한 자발적 안전 관리 수준을 평가하였다. 그리고 평가항목의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 안전경영지표 평가항목 결과와 중대해양사고 비율을 비교분석하여 평가 항목의 타당성을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 자발적 안전경영 수준이 높은 업체일수록 중대해양사고가 발생하지 않고 자발적 안전관리에 무관심하거 나 소홀한 업체는 상대적으로 높은 중대해양사고가 발생하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이처럼 안전경영지표 평가항목 선정을 통해 연안여객선사 의 안전관리 운영 효율성을 분석하는데 중요한 항목을 객관적인 관점에서 도출하였다. 따라서 향후 안전관리 효율성 분석을 위한 기초자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것이다.

This paper was to evaluate social enterprises’ management efficiency with Data Envelope Analysis (DEA). The data was based on the 168 social enterprises’ of annual performance reports published in 2015. The research focused on to measure both financial efficiency and social impact of the companies simultaneously. To apply DEA, the paper classified the enterprises into seven types based on types of socal impacts which each company provides before the estimation of the efficiency. The research results showed that group D, which employes disadvantaged people, provides social services and shares resources was the most efficient group and had higest net worths in Pure Technical Efficiency. In contrast, Group B, which only employs social advantage people and provides social service, was the least efficient one. The research suggests a practical and efficient framework in measuring social enterprises’ management efficiency, including both the financial performance and social impacts simultaneously with their self-publishing reports. Because the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency does not open business reports which social enterprises submit each year, there are basic limitations on researchers attempting to analyse with data from all social enterprises in Korea. Thus, this study dealt with only 10% of the social enterprises which self-published their performance report on the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency’s web site. Regardless of these limitations, this study suggested substantial methods to estimate management efficiency with the self-published reports. Because self-publishing is increasing each year, it will be the main source of information for researchers in examining and evaluating social enterprises’ financial performance or social contribution. The research suggests a practical and efficient framework in measuring social enterprises’ management efficiency, including both the financial performance and social impacts simultaneously with their self-publishing reports. The research results suggest not only list of efficient enterprises but also methods of improvement for less efficient enterprises.

In construction work, safety accidents often occur in combination with unstable physical and human conditions during preparation and execution of work. In Korea, the accident rate is higher to that of any country in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures by fundamental prescription. In this paper, in the case of construction safety management, we tried to find a reasonable alternative through a questionnaire survey to apply to subcontracting and small-scale construction. In conclusion, workers who are well aware of the task could be able to reduce the accident rate by deploying them as safety management officers after receiving the training.

Safety accident in Building construction work in the process of preparation and implementation of the insecure human, material status is often caused by combining the reality is that many things. Accident rate is a similar level in the case of Korea and foreign countries than any country in the measures by the higher fundamental prescription is needed. In this paper, construction safety management of subcontracting work and small construction plan to apply through a survey to reach a sensible alternative. I did In conclusion, the educated workers know well, and so on the work schedule then quickly if safety management personnel in disaster will be able to reduce the rate to a miracle appeared.