Over the past decade, there has been global expansion in the advancement of underwater cleaning technology for ship hulls. This methodology ensures both diver safety and operational efficiency. However, recent attention has been drawn to the harmful effects of ship hull-cleaning wastewater on marine animals. It is anticipated that this wastewater may have various impacts on a wide range of organisms, potentially leading to populationand ecosystem-relevant alterations. This concern is especially significant when the wastewater affects functionally important species, such as aquaculture animals and habitat-forming species living in coastal regions, where underwater cleaning platforms are commonly established. Despite this, information on the ecotoxicological effects of this wastewater remains limited. In this mini review, we discuss the adverse effects of wastewater from in-water cleaning processes, as well as the current challenges and limitations in regulating and mitigating its potential toxicity. Overall, recent findings underscore the detrimental effects posed by sublethal levels of wastewater to the health status of aquatic animals under both acute and chronic exposure.

In this study, the seasonal distribution was surveyed using acoustic in the coastal waters around nuclear power plants. Acoustic surveys were conducted in June, September, December 2022, and March 2023 in the coastal waters of Uljin-gun. According to the results of this study, zooplankton were distributed at the depths from 0 m to 50 m in the waters around nuclear power plants. Zooplankton appeared in summer (June), autumn (September), and spring (March). In the survey area, fish were distributed at the depths from 25 m to 190 m, appearing in the summer (June), autumn (September), winter (December) and spring (March). The SV of zooplankton appearing in the survey area ranged from -98.0 dB to -78.0 dB, and it exhibited a one-class in the frequency distribution of SV. The SV of fish appearing in the survey area ranged from -36.0 dB to -35.0 dB and -98.0 dB to -53.0 dB, and it exhibited two-class in the frequency distribution of SV.

Organisms constituting a large proportion of marine ecosystems, ranging from bacteria to fish, exhibit fluorescence and bioluminescence. A variety of marine organisms utilize these biochemically generated light sources for feeding, reproduction, communication, and defense. Since the discovery of green fluorescent protein and the luciferin-luciferase system more than a century ago, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize their function and regulatory mechanism. The unique properties of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins offer great potential for their use in a broad range of applications. This short review briefly describes the functions and characteristics of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, in addition to summarizing the recent status of their applications.

The Korean aquaculture industry was generally began in the 1970s and has gradually increased. Now, the number of households is about 7,068 and the scale of an aquaculture farm is about 248,014 ha; the value of all production in the industry is estimated to be about 1602.2 billion won. The aquaculture industry is very valuable and important for future food resources. However, the aquaculture industry was damaged by several marine ecological disturbance causing organisms. The Ascdiella aspersa colonized on the shell of scallop and then scallops were detached from rope. The patterns of damage in the aquacultures were observed in Tongyeong (oyster), Geojedo (oyster), and Gangneung (sea squirt) in June, 2017, as well as in Tongyeong (oyster) in November, 2017 by SCUBA divers. The species Halichondria bowerbanki, Bugula neritina, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Balanus amphitrite, Ascidiella aspersa, Ciona intestinalis, Didemnum sp, Styela plicata in Tongyeong, M. galloprovincialis, A. aspersa, C. intestinalis, D. vexillum, S. plicata in Geojedo, and M. galloprovincialis in Gangneung were all usually found in their farms. The marine ecological disturbance causing organisms gave rise to a reduced number of aquaculture products.

Biofouling is about of how marine organisms attach to marine substrata at different length and time scales. Anti-fouling is the process of removing the accumulation, or preventing their accumulation. Recently, many research groups in the world try to invent an anti-fouling agent via biomimicking processes. Naturally occurred antifouling materials and processes (i.e. calcareous algae that cause barren ground phenomenon, and periostracum of bivalves ) give us some insights to design novel anti-fouling agent via biomimicking. Here, I will present bio-inspired and environmentally friendly anti-fouling agents based on understanding marine fouling mechanisms.

정부는 해양환경복원과 수산자원을 회복하기 위해 1971년부터 2014년까지 약 44년 동안 222,627ha의 인공어초어장 을 조성하였다. 그러나 인공어초 설치사업은 증가되고 있는 반면 아직까지 설치된 어초의 효과에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 포항시 장길리 해역에 설치된 뿔삼각형어초에 부착·서식하는 저서동물의 시간적 군집변 화를 살펴보기 위해 2003년 포항시 장길리 해역 수심 5∼7m에 설치된 뿔삼각형어초를 대상으로 2009년 2월부터 2011년 8월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐 어초에 부착된 저서동물의 군집을 분석하였다. 그 결과 우점하는 분류군은 연체동물이고 우점종은 바다방석고둥인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 출현종들은 대부분 시공간의 변화에 따라 달라지는 양상을 보였다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 시설해역과 목적하는 종의 특성에 적합한 인공어초 개발 연구, 사후관리에 관한 이용, 관리제도 제정 등에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

CO2를 해양에 격리 처리하기 위해서는 CO2가 해양생태계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 CO2의 해양생물영향실험에 있어 연체동물의 이용가능성을 모색하기 위한 연구로, 먼저 문어에 적합한 마취농도를 확립하고, 혈액을 채취하기 위한 케뉴레이션 방법 및 문어가 케뉴라를 탈착시키는 것을 방지하기 위한 구속 방법에 대해서 검토하였다. 그 결과 1) 문어에 적합한 마취제는 5.25% MgCl2 6H2O인 것으로 나타났다. 2) 문어로부터 혈액채취를 위한 케뉴라 삽입 부위는 배대동맥이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 3) 케뉴라 보호를 위하여 플라스틱 넷트로 만든 구속 쳄버를 이용하는 것이 유용한 것으로 나타났다

우리나라 남해안에서 플라스틱 붕장어 통발을 사용하는 통발어선이 연간 유실하는 통발의 개수는 통상 조업시 시용하는 통발의 2~4배인 것으로 나 타났다. 이러한 통발의 유실은 보통 조업중에 발생되므로 어구의 유실과 함께 어획물의 손실도 발생하게 된다. 어획불과 미끼가 들어있는 유실된 통발 은 붕장어뿐만 아니라 다른 해양 생물을 유인하여 어획할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 유실된 붕장어 통발에는 어류, 갑각류, 두족류 등이 들어있었고, 이들 가운데는 붕장어의 먹이가 되는 베도라치, 청보리멸, 양태, 붉은메기와 새우류 등이 어획되어 있었다. 따라서 조업시 어획된 붕장어 이외에도 붕장어가 이들 통발 속에 들어있는 어획물을 섭이하기 위해 통발에 들어가므로서 추가적인 Ghost fishing의 가능성은 크다고 할 수 있다.

본 연구는 해양생물이 살아갈 수 있는 환경을 조성하고 채집한 생물을 직접 기르고 관찰하 는 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하고 적용함으로서 초등학생의 과학 탐구 능력, 창의적 문제해결 력 및 과학적 태도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 해안 조간대 조수 웅덩이에서 쉽게 찾아 볼 수 있는 ‘해양생물’을 소재로 STEAM 프로그램을 개발한 후 J도 소 재 H초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 적용하였다. 실험 집단과 비교 집단으로 나누어 본 연구 에서 개발한 STEAM 프로그램과 전통적 방식의 일반 수업을 각각 적용한 결과, 과학 탐구 능 력, 창의적 문제해결력 및 과학적 태도에서 실험 집단이 비교 집단보다 유의미하게 향상되었 다. 따라서 본 연구의 해양생물을 학습 소재로 활용한 STEAM 프로그램은 학생들의 해양생물 에 대한 관심을 향상시킴은 물론 과학 탐구 능력, 창의적 문제해결력 및 과학적 태도 향상에 효과를 나타내어 앞으로 지역 특성이 있는 학습 자료를 활용한 STEAM 프로그램 개발이 요 구된다.

Environmental impacts of suspended solids (SS) released in coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction can cause serious damages to coastal habitats and benthic organisms. Acute toxicity tests (4-7 days) were conducted to identify the relationship between SS concentration and mortality of three marine benthic species; benthic copepod (Tigriopus japonicus) adult, Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) spat, and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry. Benthic copepod was the most sensitive to SS followed by olive flounder fry and Pacific abalone spat, with an LC50 (lethal concentration of 50% mortality) value of 61.0 mg/L and LOEC (lowest observed effective concentration) value of 31.3 mg/L for benthic copepod. LOEC and 7 day-LC50 for Pacific abalone spat were 500.0 mg/L and 1887.7 mg/L, and those for olive flounder fry were 125.0 mg/L and 156.9 mg/L, respectively. The tolerance limits of the test species to SS revealed the various concentration ranges of SS, which reflects the physiology and ecology of the test species. These results are very valuable for the determination of SS concentration of effluents released into the coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction etc. Also, sharp increase of SS can cause long-term damages to the benthic and sessile fauna by blanketing of benthic substratum. These experimental procedures for marine bioassay and acute toxicity results can be a useful guideline for practical management planning of SS discharge into coastal area.

Algicidal bacterium was isolated from sea water during the declining period of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and this bacterium had a significant algicidal activity against C. polykrikoides. In this study, algicidal bacterium was identified on the basis of biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. The algicidal bacterium showed 98.6% homology with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 381T. Therefore, this bacterium was designated Micrococcus luteus SY-13. The optimal culture conditions of the algicidal bacterium was 25℃, initial pH 8.0, and 3.0% NaCl concentration. M. luteus SY-13 is assumed to produce secondary metabolites which have algicidal activity. When 10% culture filtrate of this strain was applied to C. polykrikoides (1.0 × 104 cells/㎖) cultures, over 98% of C. polykrikoides cells were destroyed within 6 hours. The culture filtrate of M. luteus SY-13 exhibited similar algicidal activity after heat-treatment at 121℃ for 15 min. While algicidal activity remained in filtrates with pH adjusted to 8.0, loss of algicidal activity occurred when the pHs of filtrates were adjusted to over 9.0 or heat-treated at 121∼180℃ for 1 hour. M. luteus SY-13 showed significant algicidal activities against C. polykrikoides (98.9%) and a wide algicidal range against various harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. However, there was no algicidal effect on diatom and marine livefood organisms except Isocrysis galbana. These results suggest that M. luteus SY-13 could be a candidate for use in the control of HABs.