일반적으로 돼지는 어떤 종류의 모색을 가지든 피부는 연분홍색을 띄는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 경 남 김해 H 육가공회사로 출하된 개체 중 흑모색에 검은색 피부를 가진 돼지가 발견되었다. 그 원인 을 규명하고자, 모색과 연관되어 있다고 알려진 MC1R, KIT 유전자와 피부색과 연관되어 있다고 알 려진 ASIP 유전자의 특징을 살펴보았다. MC1R의 sequencing 분석 결과, 아미노산 67, 68번째 자 리의 6개 염기 C(CCC CCC)는 Hampshire와 동일한 ED2/ED2 유전자형인 것으로 밝혀졌고, KIT의 경우 qOLA_CNV, Pyro_Splice 및 sequencing 분석한 결과, Duroc의 i/i 유전자형과 같은 유전자형 으로 밝혀졌다. ASIP의 경우 염기서열을 분석한 결과, 모든 종에서 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 유연관계 분석을 위해 Phase software와 network 분석을 실시한 결과, MC1R은 Hap22와 Hap23 이, KIT는 Hap22, Hap43과 유색종과 유연관계를 형성하는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면에 ASIP는 Hap04, Hap09이 야생멧돼지와 중국재래돼지를 제외한 품종들과의 유연관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 더 나아가 각 품종 간 유사성 분석을 위해 PCA를 실시한 결과, MC1R은 Berkshire, KIT는 Berkshire와 Hampshire가 유사성을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌고, ASIP는 Berkshire 와 Duroc의 유사 성을 관찰할 수 있었다.

제주도에서는 절멸된 것으로 간주되었던 멧돼지들이 최근 한라산 인근지역에서 발견되었다. 본 연구는 분자유전학적 실험기법을 바탕으로 한라산 멧돼지들이 가축돼지들과 이종교배된 것들인지를 조사하였다. 또한 동일 종내에서의 유전적 유연관계와 분자 성판별을 시험하였다. 가축돼지 품종들(Landrace, Large White, Berkshire, Hampshire, Duroc)과의 교배여부는 핵 DNA와 미토콘드리아 DNA에서 4 종류의 분자 표지인자(MC1R, KIT, 조절영역, ND2)를 적용하여 시험하였다. 야생멧돼지 집단의 모든 개체들이 동일한 mtDNA 조절영역 서열을 나타내었고, 그 서열들은 중국 동북부 재래돼지들과 동일하였으나 기존에 보고된 한반도 멧돼지의 서열들과는 다른 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과는 한라산 멧돼지집단이 중국 재래돼지 품종들과 근연이면서, 기존에 연구되지 않았던 유전적 계통에서 유래한 것으로 사료된다. 분자 성판별 결과 수컷에 비해 암컷이 2 배 이상으로 확인되어, 한라산 야생멧돼지 집단이 팽창하고 있으며, 조절하지 않으면 집단 규모는 극적으로 증가할 것이다.

The subfamily Hoplolaiminae included economically important plant parasitic nematodes and consisted of more than 400 species, all having the diagnostic characters of a strongly annulated cuticle and a large stylet. Among the Hoplolaiminae genera, the genus Hoplolaimus species include species such as H. columbus, and H. galeatus that cause serious damage to crops and turf grass in the Southeastern United States. Traditional identification of species has been approached by interspecific variation of phenotypic traits that rely on morphological and morphometric characters. However, these taxonomic criteria are sometimes not practical because of their limited ability to discriminate species among closely related groups due to overlapping of important taxonomic characters. The exact species identification is needed to control target nematode and also quarantine. Therefore, genetic studies for development of molecular diagnostics, population biology, and disease management are required. In recent years, many molecular diagnostic methods have been used for the identification of plant parasitic nematodes. Advanced molecular techniques have been used that test traditional identification methods. In our studies, Hoplolaimus species showed that high genetic divergence in rDNA sequence is combined with low morphological diversity. Based on genetic information, we developed multiplex PCR for H. columbus, H. galeatus, and H. magnistylus and successfully amplified mixed populations. In molecular phylogeny, the subfamily Hoplolaiminae is an important out‐group of the Heteroderidae, a notorious plant parasite nematode group. Molecular phylogeny of the Hoplolaiminae will help us understand of pathways of pathogenesis. In our phylogenetic analysis using D2 and D3 expansion segments of 28S gene, the molecular data supported morphological based taxonomic schemes. To reconstruct more reliable phylogenetic analysis, correct assignment of each nucleotide within multiple sequence alignment is an important step. Sequence alignments based on secondary structure have been proposed as new alternative methods to obtain this goal. We predicted the secondary structure of D2 and D3 domain using computational predictions method such as the minimization energy method and comparative sequence analysis (co‐variation). Predicted secondary structure included 18 species with two outgroup species, Globodera rostochiensis, Rotylenchulus reniformis. Consensus secondary structure was obtained from closely related and distantly related species. Phylogenetically informative characters were distributed in the stem region (86.7%). These results support the effectiveness of stem and loop regions for phylogenetic analysis of the Hoplolaiminae.

The amylose contents of rice determine eating quality which is one of the major traits in rice breeding program. To identify the low-amylose gene of the japonica rice cultivar Baegjinju, genetic analysis was conducted using 200 F2 population derived from a cross between the japonica cultivars, Saeilmi and Baegjinju. Individual F2 plants were classified as wild type (translucent grain) and mutant type (dull grain) based on the grain appearance of brown rice. Two hundred F2 plants were segregated into 155 wild type plants and 45 mutant type plants, which fit the 3:1 ratio (x2 = 0.667, df = 1, p = 0.414) and this result indicated the low-amylose gene of Baegjinju is a single recessive gene which controls the amylose contents. Linkage analysis was conducted to localize the low-amylose gene of Baegjinju and fine mapped within an 800-kb interval between 17.5 to 18.8Mb on short arm of chromosome 10. Co-segregated SSR marker, RM25648 was developed and it could be useful for marker-assisted selection and determination of the genetic resource related with amylose contents in rice breeding.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant variation in plant genomes. As DNA markers, SNPs are rapidly replacing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and sequence tagged sites (STSs) markers, because SNPs are more abundant, stable, easy to automation, efficient, and increasingly cost-effective. We developed a 96-plex indica/japonica SNP genotyping set for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in rice using Fluidigm platform. Informative SNPs for indica/japonica populations were selected from 1536 Illumina SNPs and 44K Affymetrix SNP chip data of Rice Diversity and our resequencing data sets. Selected SNPs were evenly distributed across 12 chromosomes and average physical distance between adjacent SNP markers was 4.38Mb. We conducted genetic diversity analysis of 49 Bangladesh germplasm and check varieties to test a 96-plex indica/japonica SNP genotyping set we developed. High-throughput Fluidigm SNP genotyping system will serve a more efficient and valuable tool for genetic diversity analysis, DNA fingerprinting, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and background selection for crosses between indica and japonica in rice. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No. PJ008125), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Amylose content of rice endosperm is one of the determinants of rice eating quality. This study was conducted to elucidate the mode of inheritance of dull gene in Milyang262, tentatively designated as du7(t), and to identify the molecular marker for du7(t) to be employed in marker-assisted breeding and gene pyramiding. Genetic analysis was carried out on F2 population derived from a cross between Junam and Milyang262. The low amylose content of Milyang262 was indicated to be under single recessive control. Allelism tests were as well conducted by crossing Milyang262 with Baegjinju and Baegokchal, which harbor du1 and wx gene, respectively. du7(t) was demonstrated to be inherited independently to du1 and wx. F2 population of Baegokchal/Milyang262 was used for molecular mapping. Linkage analysis was conducted on a population consisted of 120 individuals by several SSR markers. Initial mapping indicated that du7(t) is located on the end of long arm of chromosome 6 between SSR marker RM20590 and RM3509. To fine map the gene, a bigger population and several additional markers were employed. du7(t) was further mapped to a 1.74 Mb region between two SSR markers (RM6926 and RM412). Furthermore, we indentified three SSR markers that co-segregated with du(t) i.e. RM6811, RM3765, and RM176.