최근 딥러닝은 자기공명영상 검사에서의 화질 개선을 위해 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 하지만 다양한 자기공명영상 검사에서 딥러닝이 적용된 기법과 상황에 대한 평가는 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 모션 ACR(American College of Radiology) 팬텀을 활용하여 일반적인 상황과 움직이는 상황에서 T2-PROPELLER(periodically, rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction, PROPELLER)와 T2-FSE(fast spin echo, FSE) 기법의 화질을 비교 평가해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과 움직이지 않는 상황에서의 딥러닝 프로세스를 적용하였을 때 유의미한 신호대잡음비와 대조대잡음비의 상승을 보였다. 하지만 팬텀에 움직임을 주는 동적인 상황 에서 딥러닝 프로세스를 적용하였을 때 유의미한 화질 개선을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 딥러닝 프로세스를 절대 적으로 사용하기보다 다양한 상황에 맞게 선택적으로 적용하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The damage to structures during an earthquake can be varied depending on the frequency characteristics of seismic waves and the geological properties of the ground. Therefore, considering such attributes in the design ground motions is crucial. The Korean seismic design standard (KDS 17 10 00) provides design response spectra for various ground classifications. If required for time-domain analysis, ground motion time series can be either selected and adjusted from motions recorded at rock sites in intraplate regions or artificially synthesized. Ground motion time series at soil sites should be obtained from site response analysis. However, in practice, selecting suitable ground motion records is challenging due to the overall lack of large earthquakes in intraplate regions, and artificially synthesized time series often leads to unrealistic responses of structures. As an alternative approach, this study provides a case study of generating ground motion time series based on the hybrid broadband ground motion simulation of selected scenario earthquakes at sites in the Nakdonggang delta region. This research is significant as it provides a novel method for generating ground motion time series that can be used in seismic design and response analysis. For large-magnitude earthquake scenarios close to the epicenter, the simulated response spectra surpassed the 1000-year design response spectra in some specific frequency ranges. Subsequently, the acceleration time series at each location were used as input motions to perform nonlinear 1D site response analysis through the PySeismoSoil Package to account for the site response characteristics at each location. The results of the study revealed a tendency to amplify ground motion in the mid to long-period range in most places within the study area. Additionally, significant amplification in the short-period range was observed in some locations characterized by a thin soil layer and relatively high shear wave velocity soil near the upper bedrock.

Accurate seismic vulnerability assessment requires high quality and large amounts of ground motion data. Ground motion data generated from time series contains not only the seismic waves but also the background noise. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the high-pass cut-off frequency to reduce the background noise. Traditional methods for determining the high-pass filter frequency are based on human inspection, such as comparing the noise and the signal Fourier Amplitude Spectrum (FAS), f2 trend line fitting, and inspection of the displacement curve after filtering. However, these methods are subject to human error and unsuitable for automating the process. This study used a deep learning approach to determine the high-pass filter frequency. We used the Mel-spectrogram for feature extraction and mixup technique to overcome the lack of data. We selected convolutional neural network (CNN) models such as ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet for transfer learning. Additionally, we chose ViT and DeiT for transformer-based models. The results showed that ResNet had the highest performance with R2 (the coefficient of determination) at 0.977 and the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and RMSE (root mean square error) at 0.006 and 0.074, respectively. When applied to a seismic event and compared to the traditional methods, the determination of the high-pass filter frequency through the deep learning method showed a difference of 0.1 Hz, which demonstrates that it can be used as a replacement for traditional methods. We anticipate that this study will pave the way for automating ground motion processing, which could be applied to the system to handle large amounts of data efficiently.

Background: Various intervention methods are being used to treat subacromial impingement syndrome. However, there is a lack of research on intervention using manual therapy and kinesiotaping together. Objectives: To investigated the effect of subacromial impingement syndrome on the mobilization with kinesiotaping. Design: A quasi-experimental clinical trial. Methods: An experiment was conducted by allocated twenty-nine patients with shoulder impingement syndrome to the mobilization with kinesiotaping group (MKG, n=15) and the kinesiotaping group (KG, n=14). The intervention of MKG and KG was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The outcome was The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and range of motion (ROM). The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS ver. 21.0 program by paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: After the intervention, MKG had significant improvements in SPADI pain, SPADI disability, external rotation and internal rotation in MKG. However In KG, there was no significant decrease in SPADI pain, SPADI disability, external rotation and internal rotation. And in MKG, there was a statistically significant decrease in SPADI pain, SPADI disability and increase in external rotation and internal rotation. Conclusion: The mobilization with kinesiotaping was effective in improving pain, disability, and ROM in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

본 연구에서는 노인의 건강 증진 및 건강 유지를 위해 노인 맞춤형 운동 애플리케이션 개발을 목표로, 스마트폰을 활용한 실시간 동작 추적 기술과 영상과 사진을 바탕으로 한 AI 학습을 통 해 단계별 동작 인식과 판단이 가능한 운동 동작 모델을 구현하였다. 노인 맞춤형 운동 애플리 케이션은 실시간 피드백을 지원하고, 노인의 운동 능력과 신체 가동 범위에 적합하게 단계적 운동이 가능하도록 구현되어야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 골포스트 스퀴즈(Goal Post Squeeze) 운동 동작을 대상으로 하여 이를 일련의 단위 동작으로 설계하고, MoveNet 포 즈 추정 기법을 기반으로 동작 인식 모델을 개발하였다. 구현한 운동 동작 모델에 대한 작동 실험 결과 단계별 데이터 인식과 판단, 정동작과 오동작 판단, 수평유지를 판단하고 이를 바탕 으로 사용자에게 실시간 피드백을 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Recent earthquakes in Korea, like Gyeongju and Pohang, have highlighted the need for accurate seismic hazard assessment. The lack of substantial ground motion data necessitates stochastic simulation methods, traditionally used with a simplistic point-source assumption. However, as earthquake magnitude increases, the influence of finite faults grows, demanding the adoption of finite faults in simulations for accurate ground motion estimates. We analyzed variations in simulated ground motions with and without the finite fault method for earthquakes with magnitude (Mw) ranging from 5.0 to 7.0, comparing pseudo-spectral acceleration. We also studied how slip distribution and hypocenter location affect simulations for a virtual earthquake that mimics the Gyeongju earthquake with Mw 5.4. Our findings reveal that finite fault effects become significant at magnitudes above Mw 5.8, particularly at high frequencies. Notably, near the hypocenter, the virtual earthquake’s ground motion significantly changes using a finite fault model, especially with heterogeneous slip distribution. Therefore, applying finite fault models is crucial for simulating ground motions of large earthquakes (Mw ≥ 5.8 magnitude). Moreover, for accurate simulations of actual earthquakes with complex rupture processes having strong localized slips, incorporating finite faults is essential even for more minor earthquakes.

Background: Limitations of shoulder range of motion (ROM), particularly shoulder internal rotation (SIR), are commonly associated with musculoskeletal disorders in both the general population and athletes. The limitation can result in connective tissue lesions such as superior labrum tears and symptoms such as rotator cuff tears and shoulder impingement syndrome. Maintaining the center of rotation of the glenohumeral joint during SIR can be challenging due to the compensatory scapulothoracic movement and anterior displacement of the humeral head. Therefore, observing the path of the instantaneous center of rotation (PICR) using the olecranon as a marker during SIR may provide valuable insights into understanding the dynamics of the shoulder joint. Objects: The aim of the study was to compare the displacement of the olecranon to measure the rotation control of the humeral head during SIR in individuals with and without restricted SIR ROM. Methods: Twenty-four participants with and without restricted SIR ROM participated in this study. The displacement of olecranon was measured during the shoulder internal rotation control test (SIRCT) using a Kinovea (ver. 0.8.15, Kinovea), the 2-dimensional marker tracking analysis system. An independent t-test was used to compare the horizontal and vertical displacement of the olecranon marker between individuals with and without restricted SIR ROM. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Vertical displacement of the olecranon was significantly greater in the restricted SIR group than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the horizontal displacement of the olecranon (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that individuals with restricted SIR ROM had significantly greater vertical displacement of the olecranon. The results suggest that the limitation of SIR ROM may lead to difficulty in rotation control of the humeral head.

이 논문에서는 파랑 하중을 받는 부유식 구조체의 운동 해석에 있어서 시스템 식별 방법을 이용한 상태공간방정식 모델을 수립하 고 해석하는 방법을 제안하였다. 상태공간방정식 모델의 수립 방법으로는 주파수영역에서 하중-변위 입출력 관계에 대한 목표 전달 함수를 구하고 이에 가장 근접하는 상태공간방정식을 구하는 절차를 제시하였다. 전통적으로 부유식 구조체 운동의 시간영역 해석은 지연함수의 합성곱적분을 포함하는 Cummins 방정식을 시간적분하여 이루어진다. 상태공간방정식 모델은 이러한 시간영역해석을 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 방법의 하나로서 연구되어 왔다. 제안하는 방법에서는 시스템 식별방법인 N4SID 와 전달함수의 분모 및 분자 다항식의 계수를 설계변수로 하는 최적화방법을 사용하여 목표 전달함수에 상응하는 상태공간방정식을 구한다. 제안하는 방법 의 적용성을 보이는 예제로서 단자유도 수치모델 및 6자유도 바지의 운동을 해석하였다. 제시하는 상태공간방정식 모델은 주파수영 역 및 시간영역에서 모두 기존의 해석결과와 잘 일치하고 시간영역해석에서는 계산의 정확도를 확보하면서 계산 시간을 크게 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

해양 부유식 구조물의 계류시설에 대한 연구는 다양한 계류 시스템의 개발과 그 효율성에 대해 지 속적으로 연구되어 왔다. 계류 시스템은 구조물의 안전성, 내구성, 그리고 환경적인 책임을 모두 고려 해야하는 복합적인 설계 요소이다. 기존 계류바익은 해저지반의 특성에 크게 의존하며, 넓은 점유 면 적으로 인해 해양환경과 활동에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이러한 기존 계류시스템의 한계와 문제 점에 대응하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 새로운 계류시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 계류시스템은 계류 선이 해저지반에 고정되지 않고 중력식 기초 구조물을 거쳐 중간부력재에 연결된다. 중간 부력재는 상 시 과잉 부력상태로 상향력이 작용하며, 이로인해 계류선에 초기장력이 유도되며 전체 시스템에 강성 을 도입한다. 전체적으로 Semi-taut과 유사한 방식으로 계류 장력 변화에 따른 상단 플랫폼의 운동 제어와, 중간 부력재와의 상호연계 거동효과로 추가적인 동적 응답 저감이 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 신형식 계류시스템의 역학적 거동특성을 수치해석적으로 구현하고 파랑에 대한 Catenary system 대비 운동 저감 성능을 검증하였다.

본 연구는 방사형 K-공간 획득 기법 중 하나인 JET 기법을 적용하여 어깨관절 자기공명영상 검사에서의 움직임 인공물과 노이즈를 감소 효과를 평가하였다. 2023년 2월 1일부터 3월 31일까지 어깨관절 자기공명영상 검사를 받 은 35명을 대상으로 선정하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 평가는 JET 기법 적용 여부에 따라 신호 대 노이즈 비, 평균 대 표준편차 비, 움직임 인공물 발생 여부에 대한 영상 평가를 수행하였다. JET 기법을 적용한 그룹에서는 신호 대 노이즈 비, 평균 대 표준편차 비, 움직임 인공물 발생 여부에 대한 영상 평가 값이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 연구를 통해 어깨관절 자기공명영상 검사 시 JET 기법의 도입은 움직임 인공물의 감소뿐만 아니라 신호 대 노이즈 비와 평균 대 표준편차 비가 향상된 영상을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 JET 기법이 어깨관절 영상 취득에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 더 나아가 다양한 부위에 적용되는데 있어 서도 기여할 수 있을것으로 예상된다.

Background: Mobilization with movement (MWM) is an effective intervention for increasing range of motion (ROM) and function without pain. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively characterize the functional effects of MWM applied to the ankle joint in patients with stroke. Design: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Methods: International electronic databases, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google scholar were included and identified after review by two investigators in July 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines. Data were synthesized using software provided by Cochran and analyzed using a random effects model with reweighting to account for heterogeneity between participants. Results: After excluding duplicate studies, 14 of the 19 articles screened through the abstracts were excluded, resulting in a total of five studies involving 109 participants with stroke. MWM showed significant differences in ankle ROM [overall effect (Z=3.27, P=0.00)], gait speed [overall effect (Z=3.33, P=0.00)], and cadence [overall effect (Z=2.49, P=0.01)]. Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis confirmed that MWM is effective in improving ankle ROM and gait parameters in patients with stroke.

Background: Among the various rehabilitation methods for stroke patients, one method involves the use of vibration. Recently, vibration foam rollers, combining vibration with foam rolling, have been developed and are widely used. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration foam rolling on ankle range of motion (ROM), and gait speed in patients with stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty stroke patients volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to the vibrating foam roller group (n=15) and the non-vibrating foam roller group (n=15). Active dorsiflexion ROM, and 10-meter walk (10MW) were used to evaluate ankle ROM, and gait speed before and after each exercise. The two groups performed a 30-minute foam roller exercise program. The non-vibrating foam roller group performed the same exercise program as the vibrating foam roller group, but without vibration. Results: The within-group change in active dorsiflexion ROM after the exercise was significant for both the vibrating foam roller group and the non-vibrating foam roller group (P<.05). The within-group change in 10MW after the exercise was significant for the vibrating foam roller group (P<.05), while it was not significant for the non-vibrating foam roller group (P>.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in active dorsiflexion ROM and 10MW between the vibrating foam roller group and the non-vibrating foam roller group (P>.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that a vibrating foam roller exercise program immediately improves ankle ROM and gait speed in stroke patients.

Background: There is a lack of research on sling neurac exercise interventions for craniovertebral angle (CVA), head rotation angle, range of motion (ROM), and neck postural alignment in adults with forward head posture Objectives: To investigate the Immediate effects of sling neurac exercise on craniosacral angulation, ROM, and neck postural alignment in adults with forward head posture. Design: Quaxi-experimental study. Methods: Fifty young adults in their 20s were divided into a sling neurac exercise group (SNEG) and a control group (CG). SNEG conducted sling neurac exercise intervention for one day, and CG did not implement intervention. Craniosacral angulation, ROM, and postural alignment before and after exercise was evaluated for each group. Results: In the sling neurac exercise group (SNEG), CVA, cranial rotation angle (CRA), ROM, and postural alignment improved significantly after intervention (all P<.01). There were no significant differences in the control group (CG) (all P>.05). After the intervention, there were significant differences between the groups in craniosacral angulation, ROM, and postural alignment (all P<.01). Conclusion: The Sling neurac exercise can significantly improve CVA, CRA, ROM, and postural alignment. Therefore, it is suggested to consider sling neurac exercise as an intervention.

Background: Most non-pharmacological interventions for tension-type headache (TTH) focus on direct intervention in areas associated with headaches, with limited research exploring the indirect effects of interventions utilizing the fascia. Objectives: To investigate the effects of superficial back line (SBL) stretching and head-neck massage interventions on the range of motion (ROM) and neck disability index (NDI) of TTH. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study participants were randomly allocated into three groups: SBL stretching group (n=9), head-neck massage group (n=9), and combined group (n=9). Prior to the intervention, measurements were taken for neck flexion ROM, straight leg raising test (SLRT) ROM, and NDI. The intervention consisted of 30-minute sessions conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. The second measurement took place 4 weeks after the intervention, followed by a third measurement conducted after an additional 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Comparing neck flexion ROM within each group, a significant increase was observed in the SBL stretching group after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Regarding the comparison of SLRT ROM within each group, a significant increase was noted after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention in the SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and combined groups (P<.05). In terms of the comparison of NDI within each group, a significant decrease was observed in all three group after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: 8-week intervention involving SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and their combined application demonstrated effectiveness in improving neck flexion ROM, SLRT ROM, and the NDI for individuals with TTH.

본 연구는 일회성 발목가동성 운동프로그램이 만성적인 발목불안정성(CAI)에 나타나는 발목가 동범위와 통증 수준에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상자는 발목불안정성 설문지 검사에 서 좌, 우측 평균 점수가 24점 이하인 성인여성 20명을 선정 하였으며 집단은 일회성 발목 가동성 운동프 로그램 집단(Ankle mobility exercise program, AE, n=10)과 대조군(CON, n=10)으로 구분하였다. AE 처 치는 일회성 운동에 대한 반응을 확인하기 위해 좌·우측 발목을 각각 1회(20분) 실시하였으며 처치 전후 발목불안정성 검사, 통증 및 발목가동범위를 확인하였다. 먼저 AE 프로그램을 실시한 AE 집단의 통증 수 준은 사전과 비교하여 사후 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 또한 AE 프로그램 처치한 AE 집 단에서 배측굴곡이 사전과 비교하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면 일회성 발목 가동성 운동 프로그램은 CAI에서 나타나는 발목 통증과 발목의 가동범위를 개선시켜 결과적으로 발 목 불안정성을 완화시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 중재 방법이라고 생각된다.

최근에 선박을 안전하게 설계 및 운항하기 위해 인공지능으로 운동성능을 예측하는 연구가 늘고 있다. 하지만 일반적인 선박 에 비해 소형 어선에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 소형 어선의 운동성능 계산에 필수적인 운동응답을 심층신경망으로 추정하는 모델을 제안한다. 15척의 소형 어선에 대하여 유체동역학 해석을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 환경 조 건과 주요 제원을 입력 데이터로, 단위 파고에 대한 운동응답(Response Amplitude Operator)을 출력 데이터로 설정하였다. 훈련된 심층신경 망 모델을 통해 예측된 운동응답은 유체동역학 해석 결과와 유사한 경향을 보이며 고주파 성분을 가진 운동응답 함수를 낮은 오차로 근 사하는 결과를 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 어선의 선형 특성 고려한 심층신경망 모델로 확장하여 연구 결과의 활용도를 넓히 고자 한다.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.