The button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, is one of the major economical crops cultivated in Korea. This mushroom showed the 5th production to 11,493 M/T in 2014. Several fungus are known as the causal agents of diseases of the cultivated button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Trichoderma harzianum is the causal agent of green mould disease of commercial mushrooms. Early symptoms were noticed as round, fleshy, brown lesions on mushroom caps. Late symptoms spread on the surface of the casing, and covered entirely fruiting bodies. A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from mushroom media that markedly showed the antagonistic activity against Trichoderma harzianum, the destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. The CH518 strain was selected as antagonistic bacterium by inhibition zone method and it was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus by the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, and analysis of the 16S rDNA. The isolated bacterium is saprophytic but not parasitic nor pathogenic to cultivation mushroom. The isolated bacterium for Trichoderma harzianum cell, was sufficient for inhibition in vitro. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium prevents the development of bacterial disease in Trichoderma harzianum. Control efficacy of browning disease of strain CH518 treatment was 77.7% on Agaricus bisporus. The optimal culture medium for the antagonistic bacteria growth was determined as follows: 3.0% saccharose, 1.5% Soytone, 1% NH4H2PO4, 10 mM MgSO4, and 2.0% glutamic acid at pH 6.0 at 25°C. The suppressive bacterium may be useful in future for the development of biocontrol system and the construction of genetically modified edible fungi resistant to the disease caused by Trichoderma harzianum.

Mushroom is cultivated as one of the major economical crops in many areas in Korea. The total production has steadily increased from approximately 198,563 M/T in 2009 to 208,941 M/T in 2012. Several fungus are known as the causal agents of diseases of the cultivated button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Trichoderma harzianum is the causal agent of brown blotch disease of commercial mushrooms. Colonization of mushroom caps by the bacterium results in development of brown or cream lesions on pileus and stipe. These lesions are slightly concave spots and can be round or spreading. Antagonists against Trichoderma harzianum, CAM33 were selected and their control efficacy of green mould disease was investigated in this study. The CAM33 strain was selected as antagonistic bacterium by inhibition zone method and it was identified as Bacillus methyrotrophicus. by the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, and analysis of the 16S rDNA. The isolated bacterium is saprophytic but not parasitic nor pathogenic to cultivation mushroom. The isolated bacterium for Trichoderma harzianum cell, was sufficient for inhibition in vitro. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium prevents the development of bacterial disease in Trichoderma harzianum. Control efficacy of browning disease of strain CAM33 treatment was 77% on Agaricus bisporus. The optimal culture medium for the antagonistic bacteria growth was determined as follows: 3.0% Saccharose, 1.5% Soytone, 1.0% (NH4)2HPO4, 10 mmol MgSO4, and 2.0% Glutamic acid at pH 6.0 at 25°C. The suppressive bacterium may be useful in future for the development of biocontrol system and the construction of genetically modified edible fungi resistant to the disease caused by Trichoderma harzianum.

절화장미의 수송 중에 문제가 되고 있는 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생을 억제하기 위해 SO2가 발생하는 sodium metabisulfite(SMS) 2.5g/m3, 5.0g/m3, 7.5g/m3을 저장온도(상온: 24-28οC, 저온: 9- 12οC, 변온: 저온저장하면서 하루 2시간씩 상온에 노출)와 포장방법 (폴리에틸렌 비닐로 포장한 박스, 폴리에틸렌 비닐을 포장하지 않은 박스) 달리하여 상자의 상단부에 처리하였다. 저장온도에 의한 잿빛 곰팡이병의 발생률은 상온에서 가장 높았고, 변온, 저온 순으로 낮 아졌다. 수출용 상자를 밀폐하였을 때 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생률이 높았 고 발현시기도 1-2일 빨랐다. SMS의 처리량이 많을수록 상자 내 부의 SO2 농도는 높게 나타났으며, 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생률이 감소하 였다. 특히 7.5g/m3 SMS 처리시 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생은 무처리에 비해 20% 정도가 억제되었다. SMS 처리는 포장방법별, 온도별 처리 모두에서 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생을 억제하였으며 특히, 상온과 변 온에서 포장상자를 밀폐한 처리구에서 효과가 높았다. 이는 수송 중 온도 변화가 심한 하절기나 수송 중 컨테이너 중앙에서 공기의 이 동이 원활하지 않은 포장상자의 잿빛곰팡이병 발생억제에 효과가 높 을 것으로 사료된다.

Mould growth can deteriorate indoor air quality in buildings. To alleviate the problems in the built environment, accurate understanding of the risk factors associated for mould infestation is required. This study aims to evaluate current status of mould growth problems in residential buildings in Korea. Both the physical characteristics of buildings and the behaviour of occupants have been studied as risk factors. In this study, a questionnaire survey has been conducted randomly on a national basis. A total of 314 completed questionnaires were collected and processed for statistical analysis. The relationship between mould growth and activity factors was analyzed. As a result, about 30% of residential buildings in Korea reported mould problems. However, the types of residential buildings did not show a statistically significant difference in the ratio of mould problems.

On-machine automatic measuring software from 3-D solid modeler is generally applied to assess the functional performance of a final produce for computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Automatic measuring software may also be performed on individual components of CNC machine in which some functional aspect of the component must be examined and cannot be implicity determined by means of a mechanical inspection. The manufacturing specialist, combined with the appropriate software simulation, can not only create the commands to drive the virtual measuring but also can check for mistakes by viewing the computer graphics simulation of the tool cutting sequence.

Powdery mildew and leaf mold were major diseases in organic cultured tomatoes. NaHC03 and KH2P04 were selected as control agents for controlling tomato powdery mildew. Control effect of the selected control agents was increased when they were tréated with oil-egg yolk mixtures (OEYO). Also four organic materials used commercially including copper hydroxide and sulfur showed high control effect more than 90% in green house. Also two organic matters, copper hydroxide and sulfur showed high control effect in farmer's field. When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic house installed wìth circulation fan, incidence of powdery mildew and leaf mold was reduced by 56% and 60%, respectively.