본 연구는 라오스 산촌마을의 기초 소득을 조사·분석하여, 지속가능한 대나무 자원을 활용한 새로운 소득 모델의 효과성을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 대상지는 비엔티안 캐피털 주의 쌍통군 농부아 마을로써 산림과 벼농사지역이 혼재된 자급자 족형 논농사 위주의 마을이다. 농부아 마을은 과일, 야채 등 상업적 영농활동은 전무하여, 단순한 소득체계를 가지고 있다. 우기(6월~11월)는 천수답 벼농사에 의존하고 있고, 건기(12월~5월)는 가축 판매 또는 대나무 벌채를 통한 수익체계로, 2018년 농부아 마을의 기존 소득은 평균 1,456 달러로 분석되었다. 라오스 1인당 GDP (2018)가 2,690 달러와 비교할 때, 농산촌 지역의 소득은 GDP의 약 절반가량 수준 이다. 쌍통군 지역의 대나무 수종은 젓가락, 이쑤시개 등 원자재로서 베트남 가공회사로 판매되고 있다. 가공회사는 수익을 위해 수요량에 따라 마을 주민을 고용하여 다량의 대나무를 벌채하고 있다. 이러한 대나무벌채는 빠르고 수익성은 있지만, 회사 수요(농한기 한정)에 따라 비정기적으로 마을주민을 고용(하루 고용비용 $ 11; 고용시간 8시간)하며 노동 강도가 높 다. 또한 대나무 자원의 지속가능한 이용에도 한계가 있다. 이러한 조건에서 마을주민의 대나무 단순벌채로 인한 연 소득은 $ 552로 분석되었다. 소규모 마을 주민을 대상으로 대나무를 이용한 지역상품을 개발·생산하여 기술전수 및 판매를 시범적으로 실시하였다. 대나무 벌채와 비교하여 적은 양의 대나무를 이용하여 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있으며, 노동 강도가 높지 않아서 여가시간에 작업공정이 가능하다. 표본 10 가구의 생산량은 초기단계에서 하루 최대 6개가 생산가능하며, 제품 단위가격을 $ 2.3로 책정할 때, 연 소득은 $ 1,160 으로 분석되었다. 기존 모델의 소득(농업+대나무 벌채)은 평균 $ 1,456이며, 신규모델의 소득(농업+대나무 공예품)은 평균 $ 2,064로 신규 소득이 $ 608 높게 나타났다. 기존소득과 신규소득의 농업 수 입이 동일한 조건이므로, 소득에 차이를 주는 요인은 대나무 수입으로 신규 소득의 평균 $ 2,064가 기존 소득인 $ 1,456 보다 약 42% 증가된 수치로 나타났다.

본 연구는 산촌지역이 가장 많은 경상북도 도민들을 대상으로 하여 인구학적 특성별로 귀산촌 의향, 귀산촌 후 계획, 귀산촌 매력요인, 제약요인 등 귀산촌 인식 및 특성에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 구명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 귀산촌 의향에 대한 분석결과, 응답자의 33.0%가 귀산촌 의향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성별과 연령에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 지역은 현 거주지와 동일 지역 내가 57.6%로 높았으며, 경상북도 내 29.2%로 주로 현 거주지와 인접한 산촌지역을 희망하는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 후 하고 싶은 일은 거주+소규모 텃밭이 68.3%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 연령에서만 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 임업활동시 재배하고 싶은 임산물로는 수실류(28.7%), 버섯류(25.6%), 산나물류(25.1%) 등의 순 으로 높게 나타났으며 성별에 따라서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 귀산촌 매력요인에 대한 분석결과 환경적 요인 50.7%, 개인적 요인이 47.2%로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 연령에 따라서만 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 제약요인에 대한 분석결과 도시에 비해 열악한 주거환경 과 의료·복지·교육 등 여건부족이 37.0%이상으로 높게 나타났으며, 성별, 연령, 결혼여부에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The present study aimed to examine participants’ perception regarding improvements in education for their return to a mountain village, based on “satisfaction, motivation’s achievement, and effectiveness.” Survey was conducted with 80 participants in 2017, of which 64 valid responses were used for statistical analysis. SPSS 21.0 program was used to conduct descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings were that a higher level of “satisfaction regarding the instructor and teaching materials” resulted in a higher level of motivation’s achievement of technology skills, social skills and effectiveness in interpersonal exchange. The findings also revealed that if “the content of education” were satisfactory, there was effective self development. In addition, the higher the motivation’s achievement of social skill, the higher the perception in effectiveness of self development and interpersonal exchange. The study can contribute to provide baseline data for improvement of education on return of people to their mountain villages, which are collaborating with civic groups, governments, research institutions and enterprises.

The purpose of this study is to develop promotion strategies for revitalizing mountain eco-villages through social economic support. In order to fulfill this purpose, this study analyzed operation conditions, income creation structures of 240 mountain eco-villages formed by Korea Forest Service, and reviewed systems for social economic support. As summarized in research outputs, this study confirmed that the activities of organizations for joint projects had not been properly implemented due to the absence of supporting systems following the construction of mountain eco-villages. In addition, 159 villages formed as experience villages could not be qualified for enterprise systems due to aging population and absence of network systems. As for income creation, as indicated by comparing net incomes for joint projects calculated based on the classification of village management evaluation, the average net income of 51 highly-rated villages was 22 million Won and that of 128 moderately-rated villages was 3.5 million Won. Experience-based projects and the sales of processed forestry products made by young adult associations or women's societies were major sources of income, and the absence of inner economic bases or villages' jobs caused young adults and returned farmers to focus on working for outside economic activities. Finally, this study developed strategies for mountain eco-village's social economic promotion and suggested four stages of social economic revitalization provisions.

This study analyzed settlement motivation, life satisfaction factors, policy requirement targeting return farmers on mountain village. 8 target villages where return farmers live at least 10 people were selected according as cooperation of the local governments through literature by considering the area of the whole country. The return farmers in target villages were conducted a face to face survey with village headman's pre-coordination from February to September 2013. A total of 94 surveys were performed and 87 copies were used in the analysis. According to the results, the most important factor influenced the decision to be a return farmer was "my family health(3.97)". The correlation analysis was performed to examine factors related with satisfaction of "return farmer life in general". The result showed that "change of physical health" was the most important correlativity with 0.544 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level and "family relationship" was followed with 0.424 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level. According to the "important factor for the successful return-farmer life", 42.7% of respondents chose "harmonious relationships with local residents" and "stable source of income" was chosen by 29.3% of residents. A questionnaire for the analysis of policy requirements showed that "education system related Forestry(Agriculture)" was the highest demand with 4.oo points. The result can be used as a basis for establishing policies with activation of mountain villages to attract to constantly increasing population of return farmers.

This study aimed to categorize mountain villages according to business expense investments and investigate residents' supplementation demands and differences between expected effects by the categories. For the study, 35 villages where are completely developed on and after 2007 were selected to consider fairness among local governments. Each village leader(the head of the village or the chairperson of the management committee) was conducted a survey from 2012 May to August and one copy of survey was eliminated from the study. The study is summarized into four results. First, the types of mountain villages were categorized as a type of mountain village practice(18), a type of life environment improvement(8) and a type of forestry income(8) according by the itemized reports of the business expense investments. Second, the result of F-test(One Way ANOVA) for the average analysis by types showed that 3 out of 6 demands for the operation were significant differences and a supplementation necessity of the program was identified significant differences in p<0.01 level. The necessity of forestry resources use and sprawling development prevention are also showed significant differences among types in p<0.05 level. Third, F-test results from 7 questions of desired effects through mountain village creation project revealed that promotion and market security of forestry products and local patriotism instillation through a personal exchange are significant differences between types in p<0.05 level. Forth, the results of duplication benefits(the mountain village development projects and the village support programs with other departments) on the residents' development expectation found that when a village received a large number of projects, residents' expected effects were higher than other village residents where received relatively a small number of projects. However, the expected effects from the increasing quantities of projects were decreased.

The propose of this paper is to study a theory on the research of mountain village region in korea of globalization age. The theory of this study is over-depopulation region study, endogenous regional development theory and resident organization, localities and new regional studies The case of over-depopulation region study, which population and land use of mountain village region due to urbanization and industrialization are changed by external factors. However, the case of some region is changed by internal factors of community residents. The endogenous regional development theory and have approached by investment policy of authorities of the mountain village region development and resident organization. The development of mountain village region have to described simultaneously both behavior strategy of community residents and investment policy of the authorities. According to localities and new regional studies, which agricultural products of mountain village region is extended to big-scale city by the progress transportation-communication and globalzation So, the research of mountain village region have to explained together intra with inter region. In the future, the research of mountain village region has to described all of case of over-depopulation region study, endogenous regional development theory, localities and new regional studies.