This study investigates the integration of astronomy-related topics in the Korean national science curricula spanning from 1945 to 2023. We analyze the placement and extent of astronomy content across different school levels. Astronomy contents in the science curricula have changed in response to social needs (e.g., practical knowledge required for agriculture and fishery) and advancement in astronomical research (e.g., the discovery of exoplanets and the suggestion of new cosmological parameters). Contents addressing the motions of celestial objects and stellar physical properties have remained relatively consistent. In the latest 2022 revised national curriculum, scheduled for implementation in 2024, several elements, such as coordinate systems, have been removed, while the inquiry activities using digital tools are emphasized. The incorporation of the cosmic perspectives in the national curriculum, as well as astronomy education within the context of education for sustainable development, remains limited even in the most recent curriculum. For future life revisions, the active participation of researchers is needed to reflect the latest astronomical research progress and scientific characteristics in the field of astronomy.

이 연구는 2022 개정 교육과정에서 신설된 고등학교 ｢금융과 경제생활｣의 개발 절차, 기본적인 개발 방향과 주안점 등을 다루고 있다. 개발 과정에서 연구진 내부 회의는 물론 각론 조정팀, 현장 교사, 전문가의 검토 과정, 폭넓은 여론 수렴 등의 과정을 거쳤다. 주요 개발 방향은 학생들의 삶과 연계한 교육과정 구성, 성취기준 및 학습량 적정화, 안정된 금융 생활에 필요한 역량 강화로 잡았고, 개발의 주안점은 사회적 변화를 반영한 맞춤형 금융교 육, 범교과 학습 주제 및 국가·사회적 요구 사항 반영, 융합 선택 과목의 취지를 반영한 통합적 접근 및 중복성 배제였다.

This research investigated consistency of achievement levels stated in the 2015 revised national curriculum of English, high school English textbooks, and the Korean College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) according to CEFR Levels. Based on CEFR levels, this study compared levels of targeted achievement standards in the national curriculum, focusing on reading passages in High School EnglishⅡ and CSAT implemented for three consecutive years (2021-2023). Results indicated that the reading section of textbooks and CSAT included a considerable portion of passages whose text difficulty levels were higher than CEFR B2, exceeding the achievement standards required for high school graduates. These results suggest that difficulty levels in the national curriculum, textbooks, and CSAT should be adjusted according to target levels of language proficiency based on CEFR levels so that learning burden of students can be lessened and competency-based English teaching and learning finally can be performed.

This study attempts to examine the distributions and characteristics of language forms and learning activities necessary for communication used in the middle school textbooks based on the 2015 revised national curriculum. To this end, 12 textbooks were analyzed and compared by grades and 4 textbooks by different publishers. The results are as follows: 1) Of the 38 language forms required for communication in middle school textbooks, 23 forms were commonly addressed in all the textbooks, while 12 forms were optional or missing, which may cause problems in articulated learning. 2) Even in the same language form, the level of difficulty increases as the grade goes up, which follows spiral curriculum. 3) Some language forms were omitted in the list presented in the 2015 revised curriculum, where only examples were presented without explanation. Explicit explanations need adding with elaborately classified examples. 4) Although the activities in the textbooks focus more on language acquisition than language use, they are well-organized to practice core language forms focusing on meaning in a controlled manner and gradually apply them to real life situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the continuity of reading passages of Korean high school English textbooks with the 2015 Revised National Curriculum using Coh-Metrix, a software that analyzes English texts in a range of linguistic features. Twenty-one English textbooks were analyzed: 11 High School English, five High School English I, and five High School English II. Only reading passages in textbooks were analyzed. Coh-Metrix indices related to basic counts, lexical features, syntactic features, cohesion, and readability were analyzed. Results revealed significant differences between High School English and High School English I and II, but no such differences exist between High School English I and II. This study implies that continuity of reading difficulty in terms of lexical, syntactic, and readability characteristics among High School English, English I, and English II textbooks should be considered.

This study attempted to obtain a comprehensive insight into future education by systematically analyzing the contents of the research report from national research institutes on future education. To achieve this, 11 research reports on future education were analyzed using the semantic network analysis method. As a result, first, the main keywords of future education are 'future-oriented', 'artificial intelligence', 'learning topic', 'diversity', 'convergence', 'future core competency', 'democratic citizenship education', 'thinking ability', 'education policy', and 'literacy'. Second, among these keywords, 'education reform' is strongly linked with 'future-oriented', 'future core competency' and 'education policy'; 'future core competency' is strongly linked with 'future science' and 'thinking ability'; 'future science' was found to be strongly connected with 'learning subject' and 'convergence'. Also, 'education content' was found to be strongly connected with 'diversity', 'literacy' and 'artificial intelligence'. Third, as a result of the centrality index, 'future-oriented' is located at the center of the network, followed by 'learning topics', 'diversity', 'literacy', and 'artificial intelligence' are located within a short distance. In addition, 'learning topics', 'artificial intelligence', and 'future orientation' were found to play an important role in the overall semantic structure. The main points of discussion are discussed, based on these results, with previous research results.

The goal of this study was to develop a curriculum based on practice and job competency, reflecting opinions on the required job competence of nail practitioners and professionals related to nail beauty. Through in-depth interviews with nail experts, the research focuses on developing nail beauty competency-based curriculum and curriculum profiles that reflect practitioners’ needs of job competence in the field. In-depth interviews with 11 field experts and surveys of 154 people were conducted to develop a competency-based curriculum for beginner nail hairdressers. The results of this study show that the existing 38 National Competency Standards (NCS) job competencies were reduced to 21 job competencies. In addition, based on the common opinions of experts who reflect the current trend, two tasks on “eyelashes” and “waxing” were added, and they were modified and supplemented with 23 core competencies. The development of a competency-based curriculum and educational programs for nail beauty was performed based on the requirements of the core competencies investigated and the development of a systematic map for the core competencies of beginner nail technicians and hairdressers. In conclusion, the need for professional education and training for nail hairdressers is growing, and it can be seen that a curriculum building multi-faceted abilities is needed for their qualifications as experts. This study found that it is necessary to develop interpersonal communication skills that include marketing elements other than practical skills such as personality and customer response methods in the nail beauty curriculum.

본 연구에서는 고등학교에서 경제교육 수요 자체가 급감하고 있는 상황에서 교육부의 필수 과목의 최소화, 학습 내용의 축소, 선택과목 증가, 고교학점제 도입, 자유학기제 도입, 비교 과 창체 활동 확대 등을 지향하는 교육과정의 개정 방향에 부응하여 사회탐구 일반선택 ‘경 제’를 ‘경제생활’로 대체할 필요가 있다는 것을 밝혔다. 경제생활의 교육과정은 소득과 소비, 재무와 금융, 진로와 직업, 시장과 경제생활, 국가와 경제생활 등을 주요 내용으로 한다. 이는 일상에서 직면하게 되는 개인의 경제 문제에 합리적으로 대처하고, 개인의 경제생활 영위를 위해 필수적인 기초 지식을 습득하며, 건전하고 안정적인 경제생활을 유지하는 태도 를 지닐 수 있도록 구성되었다는 특징이 있다. ‘경제생활’ 교육과정으로의 개편은 ‘어려운 경제’, ‘현실과 동떨어진 이론 경제’에서 ‘쉬운 경제’, ‘생활 경제’, 그리고 ‘학생 중심 경제’ 를 지향하는 학교 경제 교육과정 개정으로의 첫 걸음이라 할 수 있다. 이를 통해 ‘어려운 경제’라는 인식으로 인해 학생들로부터 기피되어 왔던 문제를 극복하여 고등학교에서의 경 제교육을 활성화할 수 있기를 기대한다.

This study investigates some of the implications for developing Achievement Standards (ASs) in 2022 national English curriculum by analyzing the perception of elementary and middle school teachers on the role of ASs in the 2015 national English curriculum. The major research areas were categorized into clarity, practical usability, and AS level and amount in the national English curriculum. Based on a survey of both descriptive and inferential statistics, the results of the current study demonstrated group differences in specific subtopic questions. Teachers did not have positive perceptions regarding practical application and clarity, while they exhibited positive perceptions regarding the level and the amount of ASs. The survey also suggested alternative ways to improve clarity and practical application of ASs by strengthening the linkage between elements in the curriculum such as assessment methods and instructions and supplementary comments of Ass beyond clear presentation of the ASs.

This study probes how cultural contents are represented in middle school English textbooks based on the 2015 revised national curriculum. To this end, culture-related sections of 15 textbooks were analyzed in terms of five aspects: cultural subject matters, cultural types, backgrounds, activities for cultural learning, and language integration. The results reveal that the middle school textbooks deal with everyday life of various cultures, including tasks for introducing Korean culture. The three culture types are provided at a relatively balanced ratio, but as the grade goes up, the portion of spiritual culture increases whereas that of material culture decreases. As for cultural background, non-English cultures in the outer and expanding circle are the most frequently presented. In the analysis of cultural learning activities, searching and communication activities connected to speaking and writing have a large portion, but experiential activities are rare. 45.5% of cultural activities are presented in a single communication skill and 54.5% of them are integrated into two or more skills. Finally, based on the study results, some suggestions for effective culture education to attract students' spontaneous participation in middle school English classes are presented.

국내 여성 해기사 양성을 위하여 목포해양대학교와 한국해양대학교의 해사대학에 여학생이 입학한지 약 30년이 되었다. 해사대학 여학생은 승선근무예비역제도와 관련없이 해사대학을 선택하고 있으므로, 여학생의 입학 동기, 승선 선호도, 희망 진로 등에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 수행 되어야 다른 대학과 해사대학의 차별화 및 비전을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 목포해양대학교 해사대학에 재학 중인 여학생 93명을 대상으로 해사대학 입학 동기 및 만족도, 전반적인 승선 인식과 선호도 및 그 이유, 여성의 승선에 대한 주위 인식과 영향, 졸업 후 희망 진로와 학부 교육과정 만족도 등에 대해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 해사대학 입학 이유로는 응답자의 35.5 %가 해양 관련 공무원 및 전문직에 종사하기 위해, 30.1 %는 해기사가 되기 위하여 입학하였다고 응답하여 현재의 해기사 양성을 위한 교육과 더불어 해양 전문가 양성을 위한 추가적인 교과목 편성이 요구된다. 여학생의 승선에 대한 인식으로는 응답자의 88.2 %가 여성의 승선이 보통 이상으로 힘들다고 생각하는 것으로 조사되어, 학교 및 선사에서 직무 외 여성 해기사의 승선 생활을 위한 체계적인 교육 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 여학생의 승선 선호도는 응답자의 69.6 %가 졸업 후에 해기사로 승선을 보통 이상 희망하는 것으로 분석되었다. 여학생의 졸업 후 희망 진로는 응답자의 32.3 %가 항해사 또는 기관사를 선호하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 해양 관련 공무원·공기업 전문직 24.7 %, 해양경찰 18.3 % 등으로 83.9 %가 해양 관련 분야의 진로를 희망하는 것 으로 조사되었다. 이에 따라 해기 과목 이외의 여학생의 입학 동기 및 선호 직업군에 따른 교과목 편성 및 심화 교육이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

The purpose of this study was to explore how English teachers perceive the appropriateness of the quantity and level of content in the 2015 Revised National English Curriculum. In order to evaluate the appropriateness of the modified curriculum, a survey questionnaire was administered to English teachers at elementary and middle schools across Korea. Teachers and university professors were also consulted for guidance regarding the appropriate quantity and level of content. According to the survey results, both elementary and middle school teachers believe that the quantity and level of content are mostly appropriate for students. However, responses related to the appropriateness of achievement standards for reading and writing were less positive than those for listening and speaking for children in elementary school grades 5 and 6 and middle school grades 1 to 3. In general, methods of optimizing reading and writing content in the English curriculum are discussed.

This study investigates the historical development of English education in South Korea regarding the fourth and fifth National Curriculum Period. By analyzing the newspaper articles in five major newspapers in Korea, we focused on the characteristics of English education in each period. The research questions are: 1) what are the characteristics of the fourth National Curriculum? 2) what are the characteristics of the fifth National Curriculum?, and 3) what is the implication of these previous curricula on the current English education in South Korea? During the fourth National Curriculum Period, after the successful hosting of the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Seoul, the importance of communication skills in English spread throughout the country. Accordingly, the need for early English education emerged. In the fifth curriculum, various social factors, including the liberalization of overseas travel, led positive washback effects on English education. In elementary schools, English instructions were conducted as a special activity. In secondary schools, various changes in the educational environment were involved, including the introduction of listening tests and recruitment of native English teachers, which still affects English education in 2020. This paper concludes with educational implications and future research directions.

This study examined how teaching and learning activities in primary English textbooks include the components of creativity and character building. Three third and fourth grade level textbooks based on the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed in order to find the proportions of the components of creativity and character building, and the types of learning activities that embody those components were analyzed by examining the teachers’ guides. The analysis revealed that all of the textbooks examined included diverse components that were intented to increase creativity, among which components stimulating divergent thinking and originality were a high proportion, while convergent thinking and dispositional aspects appeared less frequently. Among character building components, care-forgiveness and responsibility were two of the more popular components, while honesty and moral judgment were few and far between. From these findings, this study suggests that the components of creativity and character building should be more evenly distributed across textbook activities since they should be of equal importance in education.

Many Korean scholars have praised progressive initiatives in the current Korean National Curriculum (KNC) and Korean National English Curriculum (KNEC), although they also state that the actual teaching practices have changed little. With each new iteration of the KNC it is apparent that the Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) is encouraging a pedagogical agenda that reflects the necessities of situated learning and ‘student-centered’ approaches to teaching and learning. The MOE’s inclusion of ‘micro-teaching’ in tertiary teacher training program reviews also illustrates its increasingly active measures to affect educational change in Korea. Concomitant with the recent MOE initiatives, there has been a growing interest in practices of critical literacy/pedagogy in English education over the past 15 years in Korea. The purpose of critical literacy is to educate students to be knowledgeable, creative, and active participants in a democracy for the purposes of increasing social justice and agency. Thus, it becomes possible, and desirable, to undertake a theoretical analysis of the language and intent between the KNC/ KNEC and theories of critical literacy. This paper analyzes the language ant intent of the KNC and KNEC to determine the extent to which they reflect the theories and pedagogies of critical literacy. Results of this analysis indicate that that critical literacy supports the goals of the curricula and suggest that it should be included in tertiary teacher education programs.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the readability of reading passages used in 5th and 6th grade elementary school English textbooks under the 2015 Revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, all the reading passages of each textbook were calculated with ATOS (Advantage-TASA Open Standard) formula as a readability index. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, the average readability score of 6th grade English textbooks is higher than that of 5th grade ones. Secondly, the readability of 6th grade English textbooks is about six months ahead of that of 5th grade ones. Thirdly, the readability scores are similar in all reading passages for 5th grade, while the readability scores of 6th grade differ from textbooks to textbooks. According to the textbook writers, the readability score of 6th grade textbooks is higher than that of 5th grade ones in four out of five textbooks. Lastly, In terms of the units in each textbook, the readability scores fluctuate and do not increase sequentially as expected.

This paper explores the historical development of English education in Korea regarding the second and third National Curriculum period. By using the historical research method which analyzes newspaper articles in four major newspapers in Korea, we compared the similarities and differences between these two periods. The research questions are: 1) what are the characteristics of the second National Curriculum? 2) what are the characteristics of the third National Curriculum?, and 3) what is the implication of these previous curricula on the current English education in Korea? It was found that the second National Curriculum Period showed steady development in English education in terms of its emphasis on oral skills instead of the traditional emphasis on reading and grammar skills. However, the lack of coherence among various English textbooks, the lack of English teachers fluent in English, and the exam-oriented social atmosphere were the significant challenges in fully implementing the second National Curriculum. The third National Curriculum Period overlaps with the Yushin Regime propagated by the late President Park Junghee. During this period, a systematic effort to introduce communicative language teaching continued, whereas the exam-orientation persisted which made the English class employ teacher-centered grammar-translation methods. This paper concludes with educational suggestions and future research directions.

본고는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 국어 교과서의 문학 단원을 집중적으로 고찰한다. 기존의 국어 교과서에 비해 2015 개정 중학교 국어 교과서의 단원 수가 감소하여 문학 단원의 작품 수가 현저히 줄어듦을 지적하면서 문학 단원에 수록된 소설 작품 양상을 분석하였다. 21세기 학습자들의 요구에 맞고 학생들의 정서적 공감대를 얻을 수 있는 소설 작품의 필요성을 제기한 후, 교과서 수록 작품의 변화를 제안한다. 그 대책으로 문학 단원의 소설 작품 수를 적절히 늘리면서 ‘청소년 소설’을 교과서에 수록하기를 요구한다. 아울러 2015 중학교 국어 문학 영역의 핵심 개념에서 문학의 본질, 문학에 대한 태도에 초점을 맞추어 이 조건을 충족하는 청소년 소설을 모색하고, 성취기준과 연관성 있는 청소년 소설 작품을 예로 제시하였다. 문학은 인간의 삶을 언어로 형상화한 예술 작품이다. 우리는 문학을 통해 삶의 즐거움과 깨달음을 얻고 타자와 소통하는 방식을 배운다. 이러한 문학의 가치는 청소년기 문학 교육의 중요성을 주지시키며, 청소년 소설 선정 기준에 심미적 체험의 소통, 문학을 통한 삶의 성찰이 잣대가 되어야 함을 시사한다. 문학교육은 학생들이 자아를 성찰하고 타자와 소통하며 문학 독서를 생활화할 수 있도록 이끌어야 한다. 그러한 까닭에 청소년기 중학생들이 알맞은 청소년 소설을 많이 접할 수 있도록 교과서 단원 속으로 적절한 텍스트를 끌어오는 것은 문학 교육적으로 중요하다.

본 논문은 2015 개정 교육과정이 적용된 고등학교 한문 교과서의 소설 부분에서 교수-학습방 법이 구현된 양상을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 한문소설 교수-학습방법을 모색하기 위해 작성되었다. 본고에서는 먼저 2015 개정 교육과정의 특징을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 이전 시기 한문 산문에 대한 다양한 성취기준이 통합되어 소략해졌고, 성취기준의 통합과정에서 한문소설에 대한 성취기준이 사라진 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이어 2015 개정 교육 과정이 적용된 13종의 고등학교 한문 교과서를 검토하였다. 2015 개정 교육과정의 한문 교과서는 이전 교과서에 비해 분량이 약 1/3이 감소하였는데, 그에 따라 한문소설을 수록하지 않은 교과서가 증가하였다. 2009 개정 교육과정에서는 거의 모든 교과서에 한문소설이 수록되었는데(10 종 중 9종), 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 약 31%(13종 중 4종)의 교과서에서만 한문소설이 수록 되었다. 한문소설 수록 교과서 가운데 새로운 교수-학습방법을 구현한 것은 단 1종으로, <춘향 전>의 한 장면에 역할놀이 교수-학습법을 적용하였다. 이본에 따라 다양한 변주가 일어나는 <춘향전>에 역할놀이 교수-학습법을 적용한 것은 매우 효과적인 방법이지만, 자칫 지나치게 자의적으로 작품이 해석될 가능성도 있다. 이에 교과서 해당 장면에 대한 해석의 개방성 정도와 역할놀이의 진행의 절차 등을 아울러 제시하였다. 이어 교과서의 분량과 수업 시수가 주는 현상황 에서 새롭게 한문소설 교육이 모색할 수 방안을 검토하였다. 교과 내적으로는 한자, 어휘, 단문 등의 학습요소를 소설 작품의 학습 과정에 포함하여 진행하는 방법을 모색해야 하고, 교과 외적으로는 교과 융합 수업을 통하여 수업 시수를 확보하는 방안을 모색해야 할 것이다. 아울러 현행 교과서에 수록된 한문소설을 중심으로 교육과정에 소개된 다양한 교수-학습방법을 적용한 성과 를 공유･집적하도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

The paper observes that grammatical competence has been interpreted as the ability to judge grammaticality ever since the employment of communicative competence as the core basis of curriculum design in the 6th national English curriculum of Korea. It contends that this interpretation is different from what has been widely accepted in the literature on grammatical competence, that is, the ability to understand and express propositional meaning of utterances. The study suggests that a new and fresh look at grammatical competence needs to be taken in developing and implementing the national English curriculum which is to provide English learners in Korea with more potential opportunities for success in acquiring communicative competence.