This study investigated the effect of the addition of various levels of pig head meat (HM) as a substitute for rear leg meat (RLM) on the physico-chemical quality characteristics of non-emulsified, smoked, and cooked sausage during refrigerated storage. Sausages were prepared in four variations according to the proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) of HM added and maintained at 4°C. Quality measurements were taken for 28 days. The sausages added with the addition of 20% and 30% HM had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture and lower protein content compared to those without the addition of HM. The pH value during the storage period was higher (p<0.05) in the sausages to which the HM had been added than in those without HM. The sausages with 30% HM showed the lowest (p<0.05) L* and b* values and the highest (p<0.05) a* value during the storage period. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the sausages showed no significant variations with the addition of various levels of HM. These data suggest that RLM could be substituted with 30% HM because it does not negatively affect the quality of the non-emulsified sausage. However, a further study on sausages made with 100% HM instead of RLM may be needed to improve its utilization.

복숭아순나방과 복숭아심식나방의 방제를 위해 교미교란제 MD-IKR (Isomate-KR)과 MD-CR (Confuser-R)의 효과를 무농약 유기재배 사과원에서 평가하였고 관행방제 사과원과 비교하였다. 2011년 칠곡지역의 복숭아순나방에 대한 두 종의 교미교란제에 대한 교미저해율은 99.8%였고, 상대적으로 청송지역의 교미저해율이 각각 99.8과 92.8%로 칠곡지역과 차이가 있었다. 2012년 칠곡지역의 교미저해율은 각각 92.4와 96.7%였다. 청송지역에서 교미저해율은 99.6%로 가장 높은 교미저해율을 보였다. 2011년 2012년의 복숭아심식나방에 대한 교미저해율은 두 교미교란제 모두 100%로 높게 나타났다. 두 교미교란제는 복숭아순나방과 복숭아심식나방이 방제효과에 대하여 무방제구 대비 방제효과가 월등하였고, 관행방제와 비교했을 때 통계적으로 유의성 없이 방제효과가 대등하였다. 두 종의 교미교란제와 관행재배구의 새순과 과실피해율은 무방제구 대비 유의성있는 방제효과를 보였다. 두 종의 교미교란제 간에는 효력의 차이가 없어 MD-IKR이 MD-CR을 충분히 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

We tested the effects of roasted and non-roasted Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS) hot water extracts on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behavior, pentylentetrazole-induced convulsions, and locomotor activity in mice. Both ZSS extracts decreased locomotor activity and pentylentetrazole-induced convulsions. Both extracts alos dose-dependently shortened the sleep onset and prolonged the sleep time induced by pentobarbital, with roasted extract being more potent. In addition, chemical constituents in HPLC also were different. Thus, both roasted and non-roasted ZSS extracts potentiate the sleep onset and the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, decrease locomotor activity, and reduce pentylentetrazole-induced convulsions, with roasting improving extract potency.

오래전부터, 많은 여성들은 자신들의 젊음을 연장하고, 외모를 더 아름답게 가꾸고, 이를 죽을 때까지 유지하는 것을 바래왔다. 이에 의사와 약사들뿐만 아니라, 많은 화장품 연구자들도 노화와 관련된 기술개발에 총력을 기울여 왔다. 따라서, 이들 연구자들은 노화방지를 위한 새로운 원료를 찾고, 이를 안정화하고, 피부로 전달하는 기술개발에 항상 관심을 쏟아왔다. 뛰어난 노화방지 화장품 개발을 위해서, Ubiquinone의 일종인 ldebenone에 대해 연구하였고, 이를 비수계 피부유사막 기술을 가지고 캡슐화하고 약물전달하는 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저, 편광현미경(PM, Polarized Microscope), X-선 회절분석(XRD, X-ray Diffractions) 및 시차주사열량계 (DSC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry)를 이용하여 Idebenone을 담지한 피부유사막 액정을 비수계 조건에서 구조 및 열적특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 비수계 조건에서도 규칙적으로 패킹(Packing)된 지질이중층(Lipid bilayer)과 용매의 연속층으로 이루어진 고밀집된 라멜라(Lamella) 구조의 형성유무와 이때의 상거동을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 높은 극성도로인해 물분자와 접촉하면 불안정해지는 경향이 있는 Idebenone을 비수계 조건에서 각질층(SC, Stratum Corneum)과 구조 및 조성이 유사한 피부유사막을 디자인하여 안정하게 캡슐화 하였다. 이를 적용한 화장품은 모든 보관조건에서 유화입자의 안정성을 유지함을 확인하였고, Idebenone의 활성역가 또한 40℃에서 6개월 동안 약 90%이상을 유지하는 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.

We report the crystallization and magnetic properties of non-equilibrium alloy powders produced by rod-milling as well as by new chemical leaching. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h or 500 h milling, only the broad peaks of nano bcc crystalline phases were detected in the XRD patterns. The crystallite size, the peak and the crystallization temperatures increased with increasing Fe. After being annealed at for 1 h for as-milled alloy powders, the peaks of bcc are observed. After being annealed at for 1 h for leached specimens, these non-equi-librium phases transformed into fcc Cu and phases for the x=0.25 specimen, and into bcc phases for both the x=0.50 and the x=0.75 specimens. The saturation magnetization decreased with increasing milling time for alloy powders. On cooling the leached specimens from ,\;the magnetization first sharply increase at about for x=0.25, x=0.50, and x=0.75 specimens, repectively.

We report on the formation and chemical leaching of non-equilibrium alloy produced by rod milling. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h, only the peak of the body-centered cubic type was present in the XRD pattern. The entire rod milling process could be divided into three different stages of milling: agglomeration, disintegration, and homogenization. The saturation magnetization, decreased with increased milling time, the of the powders before milling was about 113.8 emu/g, the after milling for 400 h was about 11.55 emu/g. Leaching of the Al in KOH of the Al at room temperature from the as-milled powders did not induce any significant change in the diffraction pattern. After the leached specimen had been annealed at for 1 hour, the nanoscale crystalline phases were transformed into the bcc Fe, cubic Co, and phases. On cooling the specimen from 85, the degree of magnetization increased slightly, then increased sharply at approximately 364.8, indicating that the bcc phase had been transformed to the Fe and Co phases.

We report the structure, thermal and magnetic properties of a non-equilibrium alloy powder produced by rod milling and chemical leaching. An X-ray diffractometry(XRD), a transmission electron microscope(TEM), a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), and superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) were utilized to characterize the as-milled and leaching specimens. The crystallite size reached a value of about 8.82 nm. In the DSC experiment, the peak temperatures and crystallization temperatures decreased with increasing milling time. The activation energy of crystallization is 200.5 kJ/mole for as-milled alloy powder. The intensities of the XRD peaks of as-milled powders associated with the bcc type structure formative at sharply increase with increasing annealing temperature. Above , peaks alloted to and are observed. After annealing at for 1h, the leached Ll specimen transformed into bcc -Fe and fcc Cu phases, accompanied by a change in the structural and magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization decreased with increasing milling time, and a value of about 8.42 emu/g was reached at 500 h of milling. The coercivity reached a maximum value of about 142.7 Oe after 500 h of milling. The magnetization of leached specimens as function of fields were higher at 5 K, and increased more sharply at 5 K than at 100 K.

1993~1999년에 인삼 포장 내 약제 사용을 최대한 줄일 수 있는 해충과 쥐의 방제법을 연구하였다. 인삼포장에서 참검정풍뎅이 성충을 방제하는데 있어 약제를 산란기에 포장 주변에 처리하는 것은 인삼포장 내 처리와 동일한 방제 효과를 보였다. 땅강아지 성충 피해는 약제를 포장 주변에 처리하였을 때 뚜렷이 감소하였다. 누런방아벌레 유충은 포장 내에 감자를 묻을 경우 효과적으로 유인되었다. 가루깍지벌레는 포장 내에서의 확산이 매우 늦어 발생 초기에 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 쥐의 피해는 포장 내에 지진파를 발생하는 쥐퇴치기를 설치후 정지되 었다.

최근 건축물의 보수․보강 및 리모델링시 구조부재를 부착시키거나 고정하는데 있어서 시공의 유연성 및 용이성으로 부착식 후설치 앵커의 사용량이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 그동안 후설치 앵커중 확장식 앵커시스템에 대한 내력평가는 지난 10년간 실험을 통한 연구가 지속 되어 설계기준 제정등 어느정도 정립단계에 있으나 부착식 앵커시스템에 대한 해석 및 실험적 연구는 아직 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 현재 우리 나라에서는 설계자와 시공자가 신뢰할 수 있는 명확한 설계기준이 없는 상태로서 외국의 설계기준에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 부착식 케미컬 앵커를 대상으로 연단거리 및 앵커간격 그리고 하중방향에 따른 전단실험을 통하여 무근콘크리트에 매입된 케미컬 앵커의 부 착강도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 합리적인 케미컬 앵커의 설계기준 제정을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the influence of chemical resistance of concrete using KOH and Non-sintered binder. As a result, concrete using KOH and Non-sintered binder was confirmed to be superior than ordinary of concrete chemical resistance.

During 2005~2009, current status on the occurrence and the management of the major disease, insect and mite pests were investigated in the non-chemical or organic cultured apple orchards in Korea. Numbers of certified organic or non-chemical apple orchards increased from 14 in 2005 to 78 in 2008. Severe damages on leaves and fruits were caused by the several diseases such as marssonina blotch, bitter rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck, and the several insect pests such as apple leaf-curling aphid, woolly apple aphid, oriental fruit moth and peach fruit moth on the almost certified organic or non-chemical pest control orchards. About 10 and 18 environmental-friendly materials were used to control diseases and insect or mite pests, respectively. But, lime sulfur and bordeaux mixture to diseases and machine oil, plant oil mixed with egg yolk, and pheromone mating disruptions to insect pests were effective under the adequate conditions.