The integration of high-capacity active materials onto flexible substrates is essential for advancing flexible sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report a novel strategy for fabricating high-performance, flexible SIB anodes via the immobilization of molybdenum disulfide ( MoS2) nanoparticles on carbon cloth (CC) modified with metal–organic framework-derived carbon nanotubes (MOF-derived CNTs). In this method, Co-containing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) were assembled on polyaniline-coated CC, followed by CNT growth via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and hydrothermal deposition of MoS2. The resulting MoS2@ CNT@CC electrodes achieved significantly higher MoS2 loading (15–20 wt%) compared to direct deposition on CC (< 5 wt%). Electrochemical evaluation revealed an initial discharge capacity of 231 mAh g− 1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 94.3%, outperforming MoS2@ CC (150 mAh g− 1, 77.8%) and bare CC (113 mAh g− 1, 74.3%). After 100 cycles at 50 mA g− 1, MoS2@ CNT@CC maintained a stable capacity of 133 mAh g− 1 and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed enhanced redox activity, while mechanical tests showed no significant degradation after 10,000 bending cycles (10 mm radius). These findings highlight the effectiveness of MOF-derived CNTs in enhancing MoS2 loading, conductivity, and mechanical resilience, offering a promising route toward robust and efficient flexible SIB anodes.

With high redox activity, superior conductivity, abundant pores, and large specific surface area, nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon featuring a hierarchically porous structure is regarded as ideal electrode material for supercapacitors. In this work, hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (PG-PZC50) was fabricated via non-solvent induced phase separation and high-temperature calcination processes. SEM images showed its three-dimensional network structure, with abundant macro- and mesopores distributed throughout. XRD and Raman spectra confirmed the phase purity and graphitic nature of the as-prepared material, while XPS revealed its surface elemental composition, especially the content and doping states of nitrogen atoms. The graphene oxide-induced three-dimensional network, combined with the mesoporous structure of metalorganic framework-derived N-doped carbon particles, creates abundant migration channels and a large adsorption surface area for the electrolyte ions. Benefiting from its hierarchically porous structure and high nitrogen-doping content, the formed PG-PZC50 reached high specific capacitances of 499.7 F g− 1 at 0.1 A g− 1 and 179.6 F g− 1 at 20 A g− 1. Notably, the material also demonstrated robust cyclic stability with no capacitance loss after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. The proposed synthetic strategy provides new ideas for the facile and reproducible construction of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon with 3D hierarchically porous structure and high capacitive performances.

Encapsulating living cells within porous crystalline materials has emerged as a powerful strategy for improving cellular stability in chemically or physically harsh conditions. In this study, individual yeast cells were encapsulated with a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals via a biomimetic self-assembly process. Morphological analysis using electron microscopy confirmed the successful formation of a uniform and continuous protective shell around each cell. To evaluate the cytoprotective effect of the ZIF-8 coating, the encapsulated yeast cells were exposed to a range of pH conditions (pH 2~12). Fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining revealed that over 50 % of the ZIF-8 encapsulated cells remained viable in alkaline environments (pH 8, 10, and 12), whereas non-encapsulated yeast cells showed 0 % viability across all tested conditions. The enhanced survival in alkaline media was attributed to the stability of the crystalline ZIF-8 shell, which remained partially intact and provided structural protection. In contrast, acidic conditions degraded the ZIF-8 shell, leading to cell membrane rupture and loss of viability. These findings demonstrate that ZIF-8 encapsulation can significantly improve the chemical resilience and survival of living yeast cells. This strategy holds great promise for applications in long-term cell preservation, transport, and pH-responsive biotechnological systems.

공유 유기 골격체(covalent organic frameworks, COF)는 기능성을 정밀하게 설계하고 제어할 수 있는 결정성 다 공성 소재로서, 차세대 연료전지 멤브레인으로 주목받고 있다. 표준 양성자 교환막인 나피온(Nafion)은 높은 비용과 좁은 가 용 범위 등의 한계에 직면해 있다. 본 논문은 COF를 다양한 고분자 매트릭스에 도입하여 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위한 최신 연구 전략을 심도 있게 다룬다. 특히 양성자 교환막 연료전지(proton exchange membrane fuel cells, PEMFC), 음이온 교환막 연료전지(anion exchange membrane fuel cells, AEMFC), 그리고 고온(high-temperature) PEMFC (HT-PEMFC)용 COF 기반 복합막의 설계와 성능 특성에 집중한다. 다양한 COF 기능화 및 복합화 전략을 통해 이온 전도도, 기계적 강도 및 운전 안정 성을 향상시킨 주요 연구들을 비평적으로 논하며, 연료전지의 전반적인 효율 향상에 대한 COF의 잠재력을 조명한다.

본 연구는 습도센서에서 Zn-MOF (금속-유기구조)의 개발과 응용에 대해 다루며, 친환경적 합성과 우수한 전기적 특성을 보고한다. 그린 화학의 원리를 이용하여 제작된 Zn-MOF를 유연한 폴리에 틸렌테레프탈레이트 기판 상에 형성된 깍지낀 구조의 전극과 통합하였다. 상대습도가 10%부터 90%까지 증가할 때, 전기적 특성은 42.49 pF에서 370 nF까지 정전용량의 급격한 상승(약 939,322%)을 나타냈다. 또한, 임피던스는 47 MΩ에서 0.072 MΩ까지 약 99.81% 감소하였다. 제작된 습도센서는 반응시간 5초, 복구시간 약 0.7에서 0.9초로 동적으로 반응하였다. 이러한 결과는 Zn-MOF가 고도로 민감하고 반응성이 뛰어난 습도 모니터링할 수 있는 가능성과, 특히 다양한 환경 조건에서 센서의 정전용량성 반응성을 강조 하고자 한다.

This work describes Ni–Ce–Cu metallic–organic framework (MOF) for the detection of non-essential amino acid l-cysteine. The tri-metallic Ni–Ce–Cu MOF was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The cyclic voltammetry and the differential pulse voltammetry techniques were used to examine the electrochemical detection of l-cysteine. The Ni–Ce–Cu MOF shows an oxidation peak in PB solution at pH 3.0 between the potential range of 0.0 and 0.7 V and strong electro-catalytic activity toward the oxidation of l-cysteine across a wide linear range of 0.1 to 250 nM and low detection limit (LOD) was calculated of 1.56 nM. The analysis of l-cysteine in milk and egg yolk samples showed with recovery range of 96.75–103.5% and 97.78–99.43% with RSD% of 2.3–3.2% and 2.7–7.2%, respectively. These results show the Ni–Ce–Cu MOF has high selectivity for l-cysteine detection in milk and egg samples.

In recent years, supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as fast charge and discharge rate, high power density and long cycle life. Because of its unique porous structure and excellent electrochemical properties, heteroatom-doped porous carbon (HPC) is deemed as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize electrode materials with large surface area, ultra-high porosity and good electrochemical performance. In this work, two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing ketones were synthesized by a simple one-step coupling reaction and used as carbon precursors. A series of samples (CMP-Ts) were prepared with the procedures of coupling reaction and carbonization. The optimized carbon material has high specific surface area (up to 2229.85 m2 g− 1), porous structure, high specific capacitance (375 F g− 1 at 0.5 A g− 1), and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 98.8% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g− 1). Further, the supercapacitor has an energy density of 28.8 Wh kg− 1 at a power density of 5000 W kg− 1. This work lays a foundation for the preparation of carbon materials using microporous polymer as a precursor system, provides a new way of thinking, and demonstrates a great potential of high-performance supercapacitors.

공유 유기 프레임워크(COF)는 분자 분리, 염료 분리, 가스 분리, 여과 및 담수화를 포함한 다양한 응용 분야에서 가능성을 보여주었습니다. COF를 막에 통합하면 투과성, 선택성 및 안정성이 향상되어 분리 공정이 향상됩니다. 단일 벽 탄 소 나노튜브(SWCNT)와 COF를 결합하면 염료 분리에 이상적인 높은 투과성과 안정성을 가진 나노 복합막을 생성합니다. COF를 폴리아미드(PA) 막에 통합하면 합성 계면 전략을 통해 투과성과 선택성이 향상됩니다. 혼합 매트릭스 막(MMM)의 3 차원 COF 필러는 CO2/CH4 분리를 향상시켜 바이오가스 업그레이드에 적합합니다. COF와 금속 유기 프레임워크(MOF) 막 을 결합한 모든 나노 다공성 복합재(ANC) 막은 투과성-선택성 트레이드오프를 극복하여 가스 투과성을 크게 향상시킵니다. 가상 COF (hypoCOF)를 사용한 계산 시뮬레이션은 CO2 분리 및 H2 정제와 관련하여 우수한 CO2 선택성과 작업 능력을 입 증합니다. 박막 복합재(TFC) 및 폴리술폰아미드(PSA) 막에 통합된 COF는 유기 오염물, 염 오염물 및 중금속 이온에 대한 거 부 성능을 향상시켜 분리 능력을 향상시킵니다. TpPa-SO3H/PAN 공유 유기 프레임워크 막(COFM)은 대전된 그룹을 활용하 여 정전기적 반발을 통해 효율적인 담수화를 가능하게 함으로써 기존의 폴리아미드 막에 비해 우수한 담수화 성능을 보여 이 온 및 분자 분리의 잠재력을 제시했습니다. 이러한 연구 결과는 투과성, 선택성 및 안정성을 향상시켜 향상된 분리 공정을 위 한 막 기술에서 COF의 잠재력을 강조합니다. 이 검토에서는 분리 공정에 적용된 COF에 대해 논의합니다.

Ammonia is considered a promising hydrogen carrier due to its high hydrogen density and liquefaction temperature. Considering that the energy efficiency generally decreases as chemical conversion is repeated, it is more efficient to directly use ammonia as a fuel for fuel cells. However, catalysts in direct ammonia fuel cells have the critical issues of sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) rate and poisoning of reaction intermediates. In particular, the use of precious metal as cathodic catalysts has been limited due to ammonia crossover and poisoning. In this study, we introduce Fe-based single-atom catalysts with selective activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) even in the presence of ammonia. As the Fe content increased, the single-atom structure of the catalysts changed into Fe nanoparticles or carbides. Among our Fe–N–C catalysts, FeNC-50 with a Fe loading amount of 0.34 wt% showed the highest ORR performance regardless of the ammonia concentration. In particular, the difference in activity between the catalysts increased as the concentration increased. The FeNC-50 catalyst showed remarkable stability after 1000 cycles. Therefore, we believe that single-atom dispersion is an important factor in the development of stable non-precious catalysts with high activity and inactivity for the ORR and AOR, respectively.

In this work, a nanocomposite containing gold (Au) nanofibers decorated iron-metal–organic framework (Fe-MOF) was successfully synthesized for electrochemical detection of acetaminophen (AAP). The as-synthesized Au@Fe-MOF nanocomposite was confirmed by various characterization techniques. Morphological analysis showed that the Au nanofibers with an average size of less than 10 nm were dispersed on the Fe-MOF. Cyclic voltammetric analysis showed that the Au@Fe-MOF nanocomposite showed well-defined redox peaks with higher current than that of GCE and Fe-MOF. The Au@Fe-MOF/ GCE exhibited a linear range, sensitivity, and detection limit of 0.5–18 μM, 4.95 μM/μA/cm2, and 0.12 μM, respectively. The Au@Fe-MOF/GCE showed a very low response for the interference materials. The real sample analysis revealed that the Au@Fe-MOF/GCE showed good recovery towards the AAP in urine and paracetamol. Therefore, the developed sensor can be used for quality control of AAP.

In this report, we successfully prepared nitrogen-doped porous carbon (N-PC)/manganese dioxide ( MnO2) composite for a high-performance supercapacitor. X-ray diffraction data revealed the α-MnO2 phase. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the nanostructured α-MnO2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of N-PC. The N-PC/α-MnO2 composite delivered a capacitance of 525.7 F g− 1 at the charging current of 1.0 A g− 1. The higher capacitance of the composite could be owing to the synergy of MnO2 and N-PC. Besides, the electrode exhibited a 14.7% capacitance loss after 6000 charge– discharge cycles at 10 A g− 1 indicating good electrochemical stability.