과채류 재배지에서 발생하는 식물기생성 선충의 방제를 위해 충남 공주의 오이 재배지와 충남 부여와 논산, 경남 진주의 딸기 재배지, 전남곡성의 메론 재배지역에서 시설재배와 노지 재배를 하고 있는 농가토양을 채취하여 선충을 분리, 동정한 후 각 지역별 토양에서 abamectin 1.68% SC, cadusafos 3% GR, dazomet 98% GR, fosthiazate 30% SL, BA12011 SL 등 약제들의 선충에 대한 밀도억제 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실내실험과 포장실험을 실시하였다. 대부분의 지역에서 채취한 토양 시료에 분포하고 있는 식물기생성 선충의 평균밀도가 약제처리 후 감소하는 것으로 확인되었지만, 부여의 경우 fosthiazate 처리시 Pratylenchus spp.가, 곡성의 경우 fosthiazate, abamectin, cadusafos, dazomet 처리시 Pratylenchus spp.에 대하여 토양 내 평균 밀도가 상승하였다. 또한 BA12011 처리시 약제처리 후 다른 약제와 비슷한 수준의 개체군 평균밀도를 보였으며, 특히 공주 토양에서는 fosthiazate의 약제처리 효과보다 모든 종에서 높은 방제효과를 확인하였다. 각 지역에서 채취한 토양에 약제처리를 한 후 난낭 형성을 확인한 결과, abamectin의 경우 부여와 진주의 토양에서 효과를 보였고, BA12011은 논산과 곡성, dazomet는 공주에서 난낭 형성을 억제하는 효과를 확인하였다. BA12011을 가지고 오이재배지에서의 방제효과를 살펴본 결과, Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp.의 평균 밀도가 감소하였고, 2차 처리시보다 1차 처리시 평균 밀도의 감소율이 높은 것으로 보아 초기 단계의 방제의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Apple is most favorable fruit in Korea, and apple farmland has been increased before and after the agreements of Uruguay Round and apple is considered as one of strategic agricultural goods. Especially expansion of apple farmland is concentrated in Kyungpook region because of the suitable climate and its market share is about 70 percents in 1992. But in tree age of apple, although newly and replanting area is increasing, the rate of old orchards is higher than that of other regions. In varieties of apple, it is concentrated in Fuji and is forecasted to increase in the future. The amount of apple production of Kyungpook region is 480 thousand tons, that is concentrated in Wui-sung, Young-ju and An-dong. The quantity of apple production per 10a. is 1,315kg, that is low level compared with that of America and Japan, and the gap of technology among farmers is heavily. The difficulties of apple farming in Kyungpook region are summarized as follows. first, the lack of mechanization and facilities due to the small scale of farmland, second, lack of rural labor force, third, concentration on Fuji apple varieties, fourth, low productivity of apple farming.

Purpose - The effect of regional culture has been acknowledged for decades. However, very little research takes it as an important issue in the medical tourism service decision process. This study focuses on regional culture to identify customers’ preference for medical tourism in the international environment. It is proposed that regional culture may work as an critical moderator in the international medical tourism destination choice process. Especially, the destination attributes may vary according to regional culture. Research design, data, and methodology - By the questionnaire survey, the sample is collected from 2,041 potential Chinese residents in different regions of China. Regression analysis is constructed to test the effect of regional culture on Chinese customers’ destination preference. Results - Results imply that regional culture plays a critical moderating role in the destination choice process. Results also indicate that destination attributes including medicine and travel characteristics are the important predictors of destination preference. Conclusions - This study provides the fundamental base to use regional culture as a descriptive variable for segmentation when establishing an effective marketing strategy. Furthermore, this research suggests that different strategies relied on destination attributes should be made to attract more Chinese customers for the development of medical tourism industry.

Background : Agaricus bisporus mushroom, which originated from Europe, is an edible mushroom with a unique taste and flavor and is the most widely cultivated mushroom type worldwide, particularly because of the relatively high protein, dietary fiber, and vitamin D contents of the fruit body, which have human health benefits like anticancer and DNA damage protection. However, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the ability to discriminate mushroom’s bioactive compounds according to regional production sites. Thus, this study was aimed to examine the regional difference of selected bioactive compounds in of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. Methods and Results : The cultivars (cv.) “Saedo” and “Saehan” obtained from five regions of Korea were measured their phenolics and fatty acids profiling by LC/MS and GC-FID system, respectively. Among 54 targeted phenolics, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, 2,4-dihydrobenzoic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids were found in the cv. Saedo and cv. Saehan fruit body. Also, tyrosine and phenylalanine, which are precursor metabolites of phemolics, were also observed in the A. bisporus fruit body. In particular, phenylalanine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic precusor and metabolite present in the A. bisporus, and was significant with the production regions (p < 0.05). The FA content was significant with the production region, but not much differed (p < 0.05). The n-6 FA including linoleic acid was the major FA in the mushroom, accounting > 70% over total FA content. However, the n-3 FA was the n-6 FA was very minor FA metabolites. Conclusion : These preliminary results can extend knowledge of regional difference of certain targeted bioactive compounds in A. bisporus mushroom produced in Korea, contributing to reliable regional difference with potential broader applications for the international mushroom market.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and major nutrient for both plants and animals. However, anthropogenic P in the environment may cause severe problems such as the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is essential for the Korean government to manage P in the agricultural sector. The annual P budget for Korea was 46 kg P ha-1 in 2013, placing Korea in second among Organication for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. P surplus and deficiency in agricultural lands can be estimated according to the P budget, which is one of the OECD agri-environment indicators. In the P budget, it is important to ensure consistency in the input-output data sources, in order to apply national and regional policies for the environmentally sound management of agricultural P. This study examines the impacts on the input-output data sources in the regional P budget in Korea. P budgets were between 99-145 kg-P/ha, depending on different data sources. We suggest two recommended data combinations (DC 1 and DC 2) for reliability of the data. P budgets calculated using DC 1 and DC 2 were 128 kg-P/ha and 97 kg-P/ha, respectively. According to the results, one of the core factors affecting P budgets was crop production. In this study, DC 2 was recommended rather than DC 1 in order to consider the cultivated areas for various crops. It is also necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the coefficients used in P budget in the future.

This study was conducted to compare the growth, inorganic components, and proximate components of Codonopsis lanceolata grown in 10 regions of Korea for selecting superior species and breeding by crossing. Among the all tested lines, the shortest plant height (217.12 cm) was observed from the Ulleungdo region line (No. 4) while the longest (273.9 cm) was observed from Hwasun region line (No. 9). In addition, the lines of central and northern region (No. 1~No. 7) tend to have shorter plant height than those of southern region (No. 8~No. 9) except Jejudo region line (No. 10). Flowering tends to be late towards southern region, and lines in central and northern regions were started flowering about 2 weeks earlier than those in southern regions. However, the heaviest root weight was 13.1 g, found in only Jejudo line (No. 10) whereas there was no significant difference found in the other regions which have a range of 8.3~11.0 g. The inorganic components were varied in each line, however, proportion of macroelements, such as K, Ca, and P, was the largest for every line. Especially for Heongseong region line (No. 2), had larger proportion of macroelements than the others. There was a difference of proximate compositions of Codonopsis lanceolata, except the moisture content, among all regions, however, it was generally shown that the content of crude protein (1.31~3.76%) and crude fiber (2.18~3.12%) was the highest.

FDI in China begins in 1979 with China's reform and opening-up, which has brought China a great progress in the economic development up to now. For the sake of attracting FDI to China, Chinese government has built several special economic zones around coastal areas and the scale of FDI in China has been greeting its prosperous time since China's entry into WTO in 2001. In 2002, China firstly surpassed the USA and ranked as the first in the world with 52.7 billion dollars of annual FDI. More recently, the actual FDI in 2012 in China was 111.7 billion dollars, making a great contribution to China's economic development. With the guidance of government, most of the FDI focused on the coastal areas in east of China during the past 30 years. However, in order to reduce the regional differences, narrow the wealth gap, the FDI in major eastern cities and coastal areas has been gradually transferred to the central and western regions of China. This study makes a positive analysis on the determining factors of FDI site selection in China, according to the data provided by 29 provinces in the past 28 years. This analysis focuses on all the east, central and west regions of China. The results of regression analysis indicate that: 1. In a national scope, the FDI in China is proportional to the GRDP and export, but inversely proportional to salaries and students percentage.2. In the eastern, central and western local scope, the FDI in this three regions is all proportional to the GRDP and the percentage of secondary industry, but inversely proportional to salaries and students percentage. Additionally, the FDI is proportional to the export in east of China, while that is not obvious in central and western regions.3. The study on the three-region interactions shows that the FDI in three regions are proportional and the closer the locations are, the deeper the influence is. Therefore, the conclusion is that relationship of the three regions is not competitive but mutually promotive.

Soyasaponin group B함량의 재배지대간 비교에서는 고랭지와 평난지에서 상이한 차이를 보였으며 품종 간에는 대부분 자엽색이 녹색이고 종피색이 검정색인 콩의 soyasaponin group B함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 soyasaponin성분의 함량은 재배종의 종류 즉 유전적인 요인뿐만 아니라 고랭지와 평난지처럼 환경적 요인이라고 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 식물이 환경적인 스트레스에 대한 생명유지 및 공격방어물질(Secondary matabolites, 이차대사산물)이 식물내 생합성과정 중에서 변이를 보이는 것으로 사료되어 진다.

After reviewing the storability of harvested persimmon fruits by using food-waste compost, it was hard to find an improvement of storability in room temperature, but the hardness of the fruit remained quite long when treated by foodwasted compost and stored in low temperature. So, it is decided that the use of food-waste compost doesn't influence the fruit's storability in room temperature, but it can influence persimmon fruits' physical properties and component significantly in low temperature. The result was shown that there was no differences on composition of persimmon fruits by food-waste compost and maintaining hardness at room temperature, but at low temperature, the composition of persimmon fruits was changed.

지난 수십 년 동안 형태지수는 패치의 복잡성을 정량화하여 생물종 다양성 보존과 같은 경관생태계획에 활용되어 왔다. 지역계획 연구자들이나 정책결정자들에게 경관구조와 패턴을 정량화하는 경관생태지수는 대상지역을 모니터링할 수 있는 하나의 수단으로 활용되어 왔다. 그러나 경관생태지수관련 연구를 살펴보면 연구 목적 및 범위에 따라 활용하는 경관생태지수의 종류가 매우 다양하고 복잡한 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 연구목적에 적합한 경관생태지수를 선정하는 것은 복잡한 수