Division of the risk management, APQA(Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) is conducting the IRA(Import Risk Assessment) to prevent the introduction of pests when importing foreign agricultural products. In the 2023 IRA, 55 cases of 19 items from 23 countries was analyzed, and fresh avocado(variety: HASS) from the Philippines was concluded in September 2023 and can be imported in accordance with appropriate phytosanitary measures. The main issue in the IRA of fresh avocado fruits from the Philippines was whether HASS variety avocados were host plants of Bactrocera dorsalis. As a result of the risk analysis, B. dorsalis were included in the pest list that needs to be managed by special risk management. As a risk management for B. dorsalis, one trap using methyl-eugenol is installed per 20 ha once a week. After surveying, if the population is more than 2/trap/day, control measures such as adding traps and spraying pesticides are necessary. As equivalence, regionalization, and transparency have been strengthened with the recent entry into force of the mega FTA, a higher level of scientific basis is required. Accordingly, division of the risk management, APQA is working harder to improve its expertise, and we need your cooperation and attention of the IRAs.

최근 기후변화, 국제교역량, 여행객 및 외국 이주민 증가 등으로 고위험 식물병해충의 유입이 증가하고 있으 며, 고위험해충에 대한 국내 유입여부를 상시 조사하여 외래식물해충을 발견하고 발생시 조기 대응하는 전문지 식과 경력을 갖춘 민간 전문가를 활용한 예찰시스템 구축의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 침입우려 고위험 해충인 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis)는 광식성 해충으로 파프리카, 망고, 바나나, 감귤류 등 약 80종의 과실 농작물에 피해를 입히고 있으며, 해당 종의 국내정착 시 큰 경제적 피해를 입을 것으로 예상된다. 2023년 조기 방제 및 선제적 대응과 국내 확산 정착을 방지하기 위해 4개도(강원, 전북, 전남, 경남) 18개 시군 90개소에 유인트 랩(스테이너)을 설치하여 설치장소별 월 1회 정밀조사를 실시하였다. 트랩에 포획된 해충을 수거 후, 동정한 결과 오리엔탈과실파리는 발견되지 않았다.

Even though more than half a century has passed since the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerged, many people still have an interest in CSR. According to a survey, eighty-seven percent of American consumers said they would purchase a product produced by a corporation that supported at least one specific social issue. Also, more than three-quarters (76%) would refuse to buy a product if they found out the company endorsed the issue contrary to their beliefs. These numbers align with consumers’ intent to purchase or boycott based on CSR commitment. Do CSR activities affect sales? Many studies have been conducted to answer this question in the academic field, but the results have not been consistent. Some articles reported that CSR activities positively impact the firm’s various aspects, including financial performance. But other studies reported that the impact of CSR on firms’ performance is unclear or even harmful.

According to the ROK-IAEA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA), the ROK submits inventory change reports (ICRs), physical inventory lists (PILs), and material balance reports (MBRs). Suppose inventory changes occur in each material balance area (MBA). In that case, the facility operators prepare ICRs monthly, conduct physical inventory taking (PIT) every 12 to 18 months, and submit PILs and MBRs to KINAC. KINAC reviews ICR presented by the facility operators, submits it to the IAEA, and reports it to the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC). Various methods have been prepared and implemented to minimize errors in reviewing the accounting reports submitted by the facility operators. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the mistakes in the accounting reports that occurred over the past two years and proposed methods to improve them. The basis for carrying out the accounting reports is stipulated mainly in the CSA and the Nuclear Safety Act. First, Article 63 of the CSA describes the rationale for submitting the accounting reports, and the details are described in detail in the subsidiary arrangement. Article 98 of the Nuclear Safety Act stipulates information related to accounting reports, and details are described in the regulations on reporting internationally regulated materials, etc., of the NSSC Notice No. 2017-84. Among the accounting reports submitted in 2021, a total of 36 errors were confirmed. There were ten errors related to inventory changes, followed by six errors in the material balance period (MBP) in the header information. There were four cases of spacing, weight mismatch, and overdue errors, and the rest were related to grammar errors. There were a total of 30 errors in the accounting reports identified in 2022. MBP errors of header information, which occurred the second most in 2021, was the highest with nine, followed by six inventory change errors and five weight mismatch and overdue errors, respectively. Compared to 2021, the total number of errors has decreased by about six, which is interpreted as the result of outreach activities through accounting reporting workshops and nuclear control education conducted by KINAC. Accounting reporting is the most critical part of the Nuclear Material Accounting and Control (NMAC) system. Efforts to check errors in accounting reports and improve report quality through outreach activities could be confirmed by the statistics of the two years analyzed earlier. In the future, if the reporting program used by the facility operators is improved to minimize errors and manage the accounting reporting system through continuous maintenance work, the quality of the accounting reports will be upgraded to the next level.

Lymphoma, which accounts for 3.5% of all oral cancers, is further divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). NHL accounts for 96% of lymphomas, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype accounting for 32% of NHL. In the oral cavity, extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may develop in the dentoalveolar region of the maxilla or mandible. It can also mimic inflammatory lesions that occur around periodontal tissues, such as periapical granuloma and chronic osteomyelitis. Misdiagnosis of jaw lymphoma can delay appropriate treatments and worsen the prognosis. Therefore, to avoid delay in diagnosis, clinicians should identify the possible malignancy based on unusual symptoms, clinical findings, radiographic examinations, and histopathological evaluation. We present two cases of DLBCL in the right posterior mandible of a 64-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed as acute apical abscess and in the right posterior maxilla of an 81-year-old woman who was initially misdiagnosed as chronic periodontitis. These cases demonstrate that it is important for both pathologists and clinicians to consider malignant lesions such as lymphomas in the differential diagnosis of apical radiolucency.

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is an indolent, superficial lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in either iatrogenic or age-associated immunocompromised patients with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBVMCU is histologically similar with other lymphoproliferative disorders, such as EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the diseases are classified as distinct entities by the World Health Organization with different clinical manifestations, prognosis, and genetic profiles. EBVMCU commonly shows spontaneous regression by conservative management, reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive treatment, but local progression is possible. Complete remission of disease can be achieved with combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and local radiation therapy. Herein, we report 2 cases of oral superficial lymphoproliferative disorders arising adjacent to the gnathic bone with striking differences in prognosis and bone involvement. One of the cases induced extensive osteomyelitis in the underlying bone. Furthermore, we discussed the differential diagnosis of EBVMCU and reviewed the former literature.

On October 26, 1909, Ahn Jung-geun shot and killed Ito Hirobumi, the culprit of Japan’s Meiji Restoration period and the chairman of the Privy Council, at Harbin Railway Station. This was a major historical event that shook Asia and the world‘s political arena at that time. More than one hundred years have passed since the incident, but Ahn Jung-geun will always be a patriotic hero model and representative of Oriental pacifism in the eyes of the world. Ahn Jung-geun was imprisoned in Lushun Prison shortly after he assassinated Ito Hiroshi. During the struggle in prison for more than five months, based on international politics, he comprehensively and profoundly exposed the Japanese imperialist invasion of Korea and China represented by Ito Hirobumi. The historical crimes in Northeast China greatly attacked Japan’s aggressive arrogance and demonstrated the legitimacy and rationality of Harbin‘s righteous deeds. At this time, his “independence war theory” was gradually sublimated into “Eastern peace theory”. This article comprehensively sorts out the historical materials of Chinese news newspapers and periodicals issued after Ahn Jung-geun‘s Harbin Charity Act, and analyzes in detail the Chinese people’s evaluation and attitude towards Ahn Jung-geun and Harbin‘s Charity Act. In particular, the Chinese revolutionary newspapers headed by “Shenzhou Daily(神州日報) and “MinYu Daily”(民吁日報) immediately reported in the form of special telegrams, telegrams, social reviews, and social talks. These reports praised Ahn Jung-geun’s feat and exposed Japan‘s ambitions to invade South Korea and China.

This study investigated whether there is a correlation between the occurrence of hazardous substances such as vibrio, norovirus, radioactivity, shellfish posion, hepatitis A, etc. and media reports, and whether the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports affect the production, distribution and consumption of aquatic products. The main research results are as follows. First, it can be seen that there is a difference in the relationship between the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports according to hazardous substances. Second, it suggests seen that the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports can have a negative effect on the production and the prices of aquatic products. Third, it was found that the occurrence and reporting of hazardous substances had different effects on the distribution margin of aquatic products due to the complexity and rigidity of the distribution structure. Fourth, consumers feel a threat to aquatic products safety and significantly reduce consumption when hazardous substances occur. There is a possibility that concerns about one item may lead to a decrease in consumption of domestic and imported aquatic products that are not related at all to the occurrence of hazardous substances. In conclusion, aquatic products are exposed to various hazardous substances such as vibrio, norovirus, radioactivity, shellfish posion, and hepatitis A. It was found that the occurrence of hazardous substances and its media reports could cause damage to the fishery sector.

본 연구의 목적은 북한이 2016년 5월 3일 유엔여성차별철폐위원회에 제출한 유엔여성 차별철폐협약 2·3·4차 국가이행보고서를 놓고, 동 보고서의 보건 인프라 조항을 분석·평가 하는 것이다. 이에 따라 본 연구의 주요 분석대상은 북한이 공식적으로 유엔에 제출한 ① 북한의 여성차별철폐협약 2·3·4차 국가이행보고서, ② 유엔여성차별철폐위원회가 추가로 요청한 쟁점, ③ 이에 대한 북한의 추가 답변서, ④ 유엔여성차별철폐위원회의 최종 견해를 표명한 보고서에 나타난 보건 인프라 부문 조항들이다. 또한 본 연구의 연구방법은 문헌조사기법에서 주로 활용하는 질적 연구방법을 분석기제로 사용하고자 한다. 분석결과, 첫째, 북한의 국가 이행보고서상의 보건 인프라의 경우 보고 내용은 일부 정량적인 보고가 있지만 다수가 정성적인 내용 중심의 보고이다. 이는 기존의 보고 행태와 거의 동일한 패턴이다. 둘째, 유엔여성차별철폐위원회의 추가 쟁점은 협약 이행 점검의 필수 사안인 여성 보건 현실에 대한 자료를 요청하였다. 무엇보다 이러한 유엔여성차별철폐위원회의 추가 요청은 본 보고서의 미진한 보고 행태에 기인한다. 셋째, 북한의 추가 쟁점에 대한 답변서의 경우 내용적으로 접근하면 일부 누락된 보고와 추상적 수준의 초점을 벗어난 답변 이 주류를 이루고 있다. 이러한 보고 행태는 북한의 심각한 오류이고 결과적으로 이는 사실 상의 북한 스스로 마지막 소명 기회를 놓친 셈이다. 넷째, 유엔여성차별철폐위원회의 최종 견해의 경우 보건 인프라에 대한 지적과 경고보다는 보건 현실에 대한 문제제기이다. 즉, 유엔여성차별철폐위원회는 심의와 평가에 전제되는 문제를 제기하였는데, 이는 북한이 당면한 해결과제이자 여성 보건의 선결과제이다.

Three different cats who had chronic kidney disease (CKD) were treated for more than one month with fluid therapy in an animal clinic. Although this long-term treatment and hospitalization, there was no clinical improvement in clinical signs as well as serum biochemical indexes including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and phosphate (PHOS). All cases were then injected three times with allogeneic stem cells through an intravenous route for treatment on Day 0, 7, and 14 or 30. On the same day, clinical observation and blood tests for serum biochemistry were conducted together. Upon administrating stem cells to the CKD cats, clinical conditions and the indexes of BUN and CREA were clinically improved within normal ranges. Additionally, one of the cats who had the renal cysts presented clinical improvement with showing decreased cysts size than before.

Two dogs presented with nodular masses on the head and scapula. The masses recurred after excision and were submitted for histopathological examination. Macroscopically, hemorrhage and necrosis were apparent on the cut surface. Microscopically, the lesions were poorly demarcated and incorporated subcutaneous fat and adjacent skeletal muscle fibers. Fibrocytes and fibroblasts were admixed and haphazardly arranged. Both were diagnosed with nodular fasciitis (NF). NF has been rarely reported and called as a ‘pseudosarcomatous’ lesion because of its infiltrative growth and cellular pleomorphism. The present report describes unusual cases of recurrent NF in two young dogs based on histopathologic and clinical features.

최근 기후변화 및 국제교역량, 여행객, 외국 이주민 등의 증가로 국내 농작물에 큰 피해를 입힐 수 있는 고위험 식물 병의 국내 유입이 꾸준히 증가하고 있고 이에 따라, 검역기관 종사자들의 업무량도 늘어나고 있다. 특히 ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’가 원인병원균인 감자 제브라칩병의 경우, 발생하게 되면 감자를 초토화시켜 막대한 피해를 야기한다. ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’의 감자와 토마토 등의 가지과(Solanaceae) 작물과 당근을 포함하는 산형과(Umbelliferae) 작물이 기주가 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아직까지 국내에 유입되지 않은 감자 제브라칩병과 매개충인 토마토 감자 나무이(tomato potato psyllid; TPP; Bactericera cockerelli Sulc.)에 대한 예찰 조사를 수행하였다. 예찰 조사를 위해 전국을 7개 권역(경기-강원, 충청, 전북, 전남, 경북, 경남 및 제주)으로 나누고, 각 권역에 속하는 3개 지역 중심으로 수행하였는데, 경기-강원 권역은 인천, 화성, 춘천 및 홍천, 충청 권역은 공주, 세종 및 청주, 전북 권역은 익산, 완주 및 정읍, 전남 권역은 보성, 고흥 및 순천, 경북 권역은 상주, 김천 및 안동, 경남 권역은 거창, 함양 및 진주, 제주 권역은 구좌 및 성산 지역이 해당되며, 지역당 3개 지점을 두고 조사하였다. 매개충 TPP 조사를 위해 끈끈이 트랩을 이용한 조사를 병행하였다. 예찰 조사는 2018년 9월부터 10월까지 2주 간격으로 실시하였다. 2018년 예찰 조사결과, 감자 제브라칩병과 매개충인 TPP는 국내에는 확인되지 않았다. 이 연구는 식물병을 조기에 탐지하기 위해 구축된 전국적인 모니터링 네트워크를 통해 수행할 수 있었고, 국외 외래유입병들의 예찰 조사를 위한 지역 거점을 확보하는데 기여하였다고 평가된다.