In this study, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was first reported as a natural enemy of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg collected from corn fields in Korea, and its biological characteristics was studied. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the parasitoid emerged from S. frugiperda eggs was identified as T. remus. We found that T. remus can attack the eggs of S. frugiperda, Spodoptera litra and Spodoptera exigua under a laboratory condition. The longevity of T. remus female adult was longer than that of male adult. The egg-to-adult period of T. remus was not affected by the host age and sex. T. remus female adult laid at least 1-3 eggs a day to a maximum of 37 or more eggs, and the most oviposited on the 3rd to 4th day after emergence. The host preference for oviposition of T. remus adult was high in the order of S. litura>S. exigua>S. frugiperda. T. remus preferred to parasitize 1- and 2-day-old host egg rather than 3-day-old host egg. When compared to the sex ratio of T. remus progeny, the rate of female progeny was higher at the initiation time of oviposition, while the proportion of male progeny increased significantly with female adult age, especially after 8-day-old adult. This information may be useful for improving T. remus mass rearing system and developing a biological control program to control S. frugiperda.

톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus pedestris Fabricius)는 지역에 따라 사과에 심각한 경제적 피해를 야기하고 있지만, 사과에서 톱다리개미 허리노린재 친환경 방제에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서, 이번 연구에서는 톱다리개미허리노린재의 집합페로몬 성분 중 (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3hexenoate (E2HZ3H)이 노린재검정알벌(Gryon japonicum Ashmead)과 노린재깡충좀벌(Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사과 과수원에서 E2HZ3H는 전체 과수원에 발생하는 2종의 포식기생자의 밀도에는 직접적으로 영향을 주지 않았고 이들 포식기생자의 공간분포도 변화시키지 않았다. 그러나, E2HZ3H 루어가 설치된 지역 주변에서는 2종의 포식기생자 모두 제한적으로 유인하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, E2HZ3H 루어는 사과 과수원 내에서 정밀방제를 목적으로 친환경 방제에 고려될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 2017년 4월부터 12월까지 갈색날개매미충 알기생봉의 주요발생지인 구례, 순천을 포함한 총 5개의 지역에서 월동난괴를 채집하여 산란특성 및 월동률을 조사하였다. 야외에서 2차례(12월,4월) 채집해온 월동난괴를 실내조건(25 ± 1℃, 40~60% RH, 16L:8D)에 두고 월동률 및 치사율을 조사한 결과 순천과 구례가 각각 월동률 19.69%, 18.17%, 치사율 5.89%, 4.88%로 높은 수치를 보였다. 평균수명인 약 20일 동안의 산란 분포는 주로 우화 후 1~5일 사이에 전체산란 수 중 대부분을 차지하였고 우화 1일 후에 평균 산란 수 9.2개로 가장 높은 산란력을 나타냈다. 실내에서 하루 중(2시간 단위) 알기생봉의 산란은 주로 20:00-24:00에 분포하였으며 소등(24:00) 후 2:00부터 다시 산란하기 시작하였다.

본 연구에서는 2015년부터 2017년까지 전국 29개의 지역에서 갈색날개매미충(Ricania spp.) 난괴를 채집하여 갈색날개매미충 알기생봉(Telenomus spp.)의 발생 분포 및 생태적 특성을 조사하였다. 강원도를 제외한 내륙의 19 지역에서 갈색날개매미충의 난괴로부터 알기생봉이 출현하였다. 알기생봉에 기생된 구례지역 채집 난괴를 실내조건 (25 ± 1℃, 40~60% RH, 16L:8D)에서 관찰한 결과, 알기생봉의 평균발육기간(day)이 알 2.6, 유충 5.4, 번데기 15.0 였으며 알부터 성충 우화 전까지 20.0였다. 6월부터 8월까지 일주일 단위로 채집된 구례지역의 갈색날개매미충 미부화 월동 난괴에서 알기생봉은 7월부터 난발육을 시작하여 8월중순에 우화하였다. 우화한 알기생봉은 갈색날개매 미충 신성충의 알에 기생하여 20일 후 재발생 하였고 다시 산란하여 알 상태로 월동하였다. 실내조건에서 알기생봉은 점등 후 우화하기 시작하여 2-4시간 후에 가장 높은 우화율을 보였고 점차 감소하여 소등 이후에는 전혀 우화하지 않았다.

Genus Trissolcus are considered as most effective natural enemy for control Pentatomid pests. Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) is native egg parasitoid of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Palearctic region. Nevertheless, identification of Palearctic Trissolcus species are still controversial because of morphological homogeneity such as Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees, 1834) and Trissolcus Kozlovi Ryakhovskii, 1975. This study reassessed Korean Trissolcus species diversity and provided DNA barcoding data using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for 11 Korean Trissolcus species.

Halyomorpha halys(Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), also known as Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), is a recent invasive pest in America and Europe. It originated from East Asia such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Genus Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) which is regarded as important species for biological control of H. halys, was described 6 species previously in Korea. But biology and taxonomic character of this genus is poorly known in Korea. Herein, we report two species from Korea, T. japonicus Ashmead, 1904 and T. plautiae Watanabe, 1954. We have investigated the morphological characters and COI sequence, and conducted an experiment about parasitic preference on BMSB's egg. Morphological key and picture of two species, and result of sequence investigation and experiment will be presented.

The family Scelionidae is distributed all around the world, which has approximately 3,000 species within 150 genera in the world. To date 39 species of 15 genera from 3 subfamilies in Scelionidae are recorded in South Korea. In this study, we report a new record of the genus Idiris with one species. There are many parasitory and predatory insects specializing on spider eggs. Among scelionids, some species (Baeus achaearneus, Comastichus zopheros, Idris sp.) parasitize spider eggs. However, there was no Korean record for scelionid wasps parasitizing in egg sacs of spider. Based on morphology, ecology, and DNA identification, we recognized this species, Idris sp., being new to Korea. All examined specimens and DNA samples are deposited in Kunsan National University.

Gryon japonicum (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) is an economically important pest of various crops. As a conservational biological control, non-viable refrigerated eggs of R. clavatus were released to enhance parasitism by the parasitoid in soybean field. Since fenitrothion is an insecticide broadly used against R. clavatus, we investigated the effect of fenitrothion on the parasitization of refrigerated host eggs by G. japonicum. The acute toxicity of fenitrothion was compared with seven pesticides by topical application, exposure to residue, and oral ingestion. Fenitrothion, spinosad, cyfluthrin, carbosulfan and thiamithoxam caused 100% mortality within 24 hours by topical application. Fenitrothion was also highly toxic to G. japonicum when ingested orally. In sublethal effects of fenitrothion on G. japonicum in refrigerated and fresh host eggs, adult emergence of G. japonicum decreased by 12% and 34%, respectively, compared to control when the fenitrothion was applied on 8th day after parasitization. Parasitism on refrigerated eggs after a day of fenitrothion spray was higher as compared to the fresh eggs. However, parasitism on both refrigerated and fresh eggs significantly reduced when the parasitoids were provided with the fenitrothion sprayed eggs after an hour. In conclusion, there is no negative effect of fenitrothion on the parasitization by G. japonicum.

The kairomonal activity of the aggregation pheromones of Riptortus clavatus for the egg parasitoid, Gryon japonicum , were investigated in soybean field. The parasitism rate of G. japonicum gradually decreased when the distances between pheromone traps and egg sites were increased from 0 to 15 m. The active distance of pheromone source for parasitoid attraction was estimated to be ca. 15 m. Under field conditions, the parasitoid wasp population peaked during the late August and early September, and the parasitism rate increased when the number of pheromone traps was increased from one to three per 165 ㎡. However, insecticide-treated plots, the level of parasitism recorded is relatively low. Sex ratios in field populations of G. japonicum were female-biased.

From the surveys of 2005 and 2006 in Korea, Trissolcus nigripedius was found in four locations, i.e., Andong, Miryang, Namhae, and Suwon, and one of the major egg parasitoids of Dolycoris baccarum. T nigripedius was also found to parasitize two other soybean bugs, Riptortus clavatus and Piezodorus hybneri, from the field collection in 2005. Host acceptance behaviors of T. nigripedius consisting of drumming, oviposition, and marking were observed and compared on five species of soybean bugs. T. nigripedius showed the complete host acceptance behaviors on the eggs of D. baccarum, P. hybneri, and Halyomorpha halys. But T. nigripedius emerged only from the eggs of D. baccarum (96%) and P. hybneri (75%) after 24 hours of exposure. T. nigripedius did not mark on the eggs of R. clavatus and Nezara antennata during the observation of behavior, hence no egg deposition was made. However, T. nigripedius parasitized 20% and killed 30% of the eggs of R. clavatus when 24 hours were given for parasitization. T. nigripedius would be a potential biological control agent of D. baccarum and P. hybneri with ability of giving additional mortality on R. clavatus in soybean field.