Kim, Kyu-hyun. (2023). “Question Tags in Korean Conversation: Displaying and Soliciting Empathy for Managing Delicate Action”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(4), 149-173. From the perspective of conversation analysis, this study analyzes utterances formatted with a question tag constructed as the tag-type clause kuci, “Isn’t it?.” Based on an examination of naturally occurring talk-in-interaction, it is argued that question tags, though generally intended to be a recipiency-mobilizing resource, serve primarily as a resource for empathy display and are geared toward retroactively managing the various “delicate” actions that their host utterance implements. Formulated as post-predicate elements, their use indicates the speaker’s trust that the recipient will provide an affiliative response by sharing the empathic stance exhibited in their host utterance. The kuci-speaker’s orientation toward soliciting the recipient’s affiliative uptake is frequently reciprocated by the recipient, who registers the “delicate character” of the kuci-marked utterance’s action by producing variously “nuanced” responses, for example, in a way that is empathically other-attentive, obliquely affiliative, or mildly resistant.

Modern luxury research draws upon the concept of conspicuous consumption, the act of publicly displaying luxury goods as a means of showing-off one’s wealth (Veblen, 1899). Millennials are considered to be the next generation of luxury consumers. Instagram being a highly visual social media platform creates an environment that is fit for setting the scene by displaying wealth. This study explores millennials’ display of experiential luxury through personal branding strategies on visual social media, looking at the case of ‘Millionaires’ of Instagram. We collected data through an anonymously curated platform on Instagram called “Rich Kids of Instagram”. We carried out a visual content analysis and a netnography. Findings revealed two main aspects of the personal branding strategies (Peters, 1997) adopted by wealthy micro-celebrities. First, the restrained use and lack of display of conspicuous luxury branded products. Second, an emphasis on experiential luxury through the use of geo-tags. These findings carry theoretical implications. Contrary to more ‘traditional’ luxury consumption theories (Veblen 1899), findings showed that wealthy millennials put an emphasis on more unconventional and immaterial - rather than material - aspects of their luxury consumption. The experiential nature of luxury consumption was exemplified by the almost systematic use of geo-tags. Followers seemed to be especially motivated by this aspect of the luxury consumption experience, which can be seen as a truer, more authentic, form of consumption experience. This study also contributes to the understanding of how millennials conceive luxury consumption in a broader sense. Experiential luxury, rather than luxury products (Hemetsberger, von Wallpach, and Bauer 2012), appears to be the main focus of luxury consumption for this new generation of luxury consumers.

In this work, the effects of hydrogen reduction on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of (GeTe)0.85(AgSbTe2)0.15 (TAGS-85) were studied by a combination of gas atomization and spark plasma sintering. The crystal structure and microstructure of TAGS-85 were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxygen content of both powders and bulk samples were found to decrease with increasing reduction temperature. The grain size gradually increased with increasing reduction temperature due to adhesion of fine grains in a temperature range of 350 to 450 °C. The electrical resistivity was found to increase with reduction temperature due to a decrease in carrier concentration. The Seebeck coefficient decreased with increasing reduction temperature and was in good agreement with the carrier concentration and carrier mobility. The maximum power factor, 3.3 × 10−3 W/mK2, was measured for the non-reduction bulk TAGS-85 at 450 °C.

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth rate and the optimal stocking density of sea cucumbers. Grow-out was studied in situ by conducting a follow-up survey using visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags. The rearing systems were made of polypropylene pipe for the frames and netting. The experiment ran for 70 days near Yeosu, Korea in the water depth of about 7 m. A total of 576 sea cucumbers which have three groups of body sizes (small: 5.15, medium: 12.34 and large: 23.26 g) were used. The five groups of stocking densities (150, 300, 450, 600 and 850 g/m2) in rearing system for sea cucumber were considered. Sea cucumbers were fed a mixed diet (mud, mineral, fish meal, etc.). The feed was supplied to 10% of their body wet weight once every 7 days. The survival rate (73%) of sea cucumber in 850 g/m2 was lower than those of other density groups (150 g/m2: 89%, 300 g/m2: 84%, 450 g/m2: 78% and 600 g/m2: 86%). The survival rate of medium size group was higher than those of small and large groups regardless of the density (P<0.05). Most of density groups have no significant difference except for 850 g/m2 (P>0.05). The growth rate of small size group (0.63% day-1) was higher than those of medium (0.38% day-1) and large (0.34% day-1) group regardless of the density (P<0.05). The threshold water temperature was 11.0°C for sea cucumber growth in winter season.

To estimate the movement of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in the Korean Southeast Sea, three type tags were used. A total of 97 Pacific cod were tagged and released with either archival tags or conventional tags. Of these releases, commercial fishermen recovered thirteen conventional tags, and five of seven pop-up tags transmitted data to Argos satellites. Pacific cod began to move towards East Sea after release, and they spent most of their time at depths of 100 to 300m, water temperatures of 0.8 to 14.0°C. However, geographical ranges of their movement limited to area around the southern East Sea. Pacific cod attached conventional tag were recaptured near the release site(Jinhae Bay: main spawning ground) about one or two year after release. Data obtained from tagging investigations suggest that they migrated annually from spawning ground to habtat of the Korean Southeast Sea.

폭소노미 (foxonomy) 분위기 태그를 이용한 음악 검색 시 내부적으로 단어 태그 대신에 수치 태그 (AV 태그: Arousal과 Valence 값으로 이루어진 태그)를 이용하면 폭소노미의 문제점 중의 하나인 유사어 문제점을 일부 해결할 수 있다. 하지만 이를 위해서는 두 가지 선행 작업이 제대로 이루어져야 하는데, 그 첫 번째가 단어 태그를 수치 태그로 변환하는 작업이며 그 두 번째가 검색 대상인 음악을 수치 태그로 표현하는 작업이다. 첫 번째 작업에 대해서는 이전 연구를 통하여 그 유의성을 보였기 때문에 본 논문에서는 두 번째 작업에 대해서 그 유의성을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 음악과 AV값 간의 관계를 정의하는 음악-분위기 매핑테이블을 제안하고, ANOVA 검증을 이용하여 분석 하였다. 실험 결과, 동의어 포함 유무에 무관하게 음악 구간의 A값과 V값 모두 12개 음악의 분위기에 대하여 분포차가 발생하고, 모두 제 1종 오류확률 P<0.001를 만족하였다. 결론적으로 음악의 분위기에 따라 AV 값 분포가 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

느타리버섯은 시중의 재배기술이 발전하여 느타리와 큰느타리의 전체 생산 및 소비가 버섯전체생산의 약 50%를 차지하여 재배품종의 주류를 형성하고 있다. 하지만 UPOV 및 FTA 등의 문호개방에 따라 로열티 지불 등에 대응할 수 있는 품종육성이나 신기술 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 느타리버섯의 성장단계별 유전적 발현을 분석하기 위해 cDNA 라이브러리를 성장단계별 10단계로 구분하여 12,342 ESTs를 구축하였다. 기존에 등록된 29,211 EST와 함께 분석한 결과 contig 4,939로 40%를 보여주었다. 이것을 기능별로 분류하였을 때 생물학적 과정 (Biological process) 27%, 세포 요소 (Cellular component) 35%, 분자 기능 (Molecular function) 38%로 분포하였다. 생물학적 과정에서는 생리학적 과정과 세포 과정이 각각 50%와 46%, 세포 요소에서는 세포와 세포부분이 각각 35%, 분자 기능에서는 촉매활성과 결합력이 각각 44%와 40%를 차지하였다. 유전자군별로 다양한 발현 패턴을 보여주었으며 조직특이적 발현은 약 13%를 나타내었다.

현재 대부분의 게임은 가상공간에서만 이루어지기 때문에 사용자의 실질적인 움직임이 없이 단순한 조작으로 수행되며, 이로 인해 사용자의 신체 및 정신에 다양한 부작용이 발생한다. 대 체 현실 게임은 기존 온라인 게임과 달리 가상 공간과 현실 세계를 연계하여 기존 게임의 부작 용을 완화할 수 있는 새로운 게임 장르이며, 게임 참여자간의 사회적 친밀감의 증가로 단순한 게임을 넘어서 새로운 사회적 유대를 형성하는 수단이 될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 논문에서 는 모바일 기기와 NFC 태그를 활용한 대체 현실 게임의 실제 구현을 보인다. 이를 위해 대체 현실 게임을 제작하기 위한 새로운 편집기와 이를 플레이하기 위한 모바일 기기 기반의 게임 실행기를 구현하였으며, 편집기를 통해 제작된 게임은 모바일 게임 실행기를 통하여 실행된다.

Perilla is a genus as a member of the mint family Lamiaceae which is known to contain lots of volatile metabolite. Perilla has been called as ‘deulkae’ indicating ‘wild sesame’ that means it has been maintained in Korea with long history. It has been very friendly used as edible oil and as fresh leaf vegetable. Perilla oil is valued for its medicinal benefit because it contains best amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially for the alpha-linolenic acid, known to omega-3 fatty acid, among all of the plant oils. It also include many beneficial phytochemicals. However, little study is conducted on their genetics. Here, we announce construction of well normalized and full length enriched-perilla cDNA library from a whole plant of one cultivar ‘Youngho-deulkae’ and their sequence characterization to provide useful resources for genetics, breeding and metabolite engineering. By sequencing of 5,760 cDNA clones, we 5,438 high quality EST sequences. Sequence trimming and assembly resulted 3,995 unigenes which consists 1,004 contigs and 2,991 singletones. Unigenes that showed little homology at the DNA sequence level with known genes in other plants even though they showed similarity at the protein domain level based on BLASTN, BLASTX, and TBLASTX. This study may provide good resources for initiation of further genomics, comparative genomics, functional genomics such as metabolic engineering and molecular breeding.

본 연구에서는 인삼 잎으로부터 정제한 mRNA를 이용하여 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 이 cDNA library로 부터 349개의 에너지 대사 관련 유전자를 선발 하였다. 에너지 대사 관련 유전자의 평균 사이즈는 0.49 kb이며, 에너지 관련 유전자들의 세부 기능별 발현을 분석한 결과 aerobic respiration(48.4%), accessory proteins of electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(17.2%), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(3.4%), electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(2.9%), respiration(2.0%), glycolysis methylglyoxal byp-ass(1.7%), metabolism of energy reserves(0.6%)와 alcohol fermentation(0.3%)의 분포를 보였다. 인삼 잎에서 발현되는 유전자중 가장 많이 발현된 Chlorophyll a/b binding protein of IhcII type I(36.6%), Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein(6.6%) 등이 발현되었다.