This study investigated the convergence of the QEEG and mood state changes in healthy females from late teens to twenties in relation to the inhalation of peppermint oil (peppermint) in different concentrations (0.1~100%). Brain activity upon stimulation by different concentrations was analyzed based on the RPVs and CVB (%), representing a rate of change compared with the background QEEG. Peppermint showed the effect of relaxation at low concentrations (0.1 and 1%) with increased θ and α waves and decreased β and γ waves. As the concentration of peppermint increases, the α wave decreases, and the θ, β and w waves increase, and there is an arousal effect. Peppermint was rated as having a refreshing, exhilarating, and intense smell. At a low concentration of 0.1%, peppermint chiefly produced a feeling of pleasantness, freshness and refreshment. However, the increase in peppermint concentration resulted in a masculine, exiting, and hard emotional response. As the concentration of peppermint increased, the odor intensity increased in a linearly. The amount of change (ΔSEF50 and ΔSEF90) in edge frequencies closely related to the activation and stress of the brain showed a positive correlation. Odor intensity has a stronger association with ΔSEF90, a stress-related brain wave indicator than with ΔSEF50, a brain activation-related indicator. In addition, both ΔSEF50 and ΔSEF90 showed a positive correlation with APIGF (feelrefreshing average preference index) and a negative correlation with APIAC (Active-Calm average preference) and APIAll (total average preference index). These findings indicate that (1) the correlation between odor intensity and stress and (2) the relationship between emotional and QEEG can be interpreted in terms of brain wave study.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also called as aging related memory damage. Decreased cognitive function due to aging is known to be associated with the frontal lobe. Alpha wave is generated in the dominance in the frontal lobe or a wide range of regions in the brain, it should be doubted that the brain function might be degraded. Objective: To determine the effect of sensory stimulation type on learning and brain activity pattern of elderly persons with MCI. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty elderly persons aged more than 65 with MCI were randonmized to simultaneous visual/auditory stimulation group (SVASG) and or auditory stimulation group (ASG). Ten peoples were assigned to each group and lectroencephalogram test was performed to individuals. In the electroencephalogram test, electroencephalography of prior to sensory stimulation, and during sensory stimulation were measured to compare brain activity pattern according to the study groups and measurement period. Results: The relative alpha power due to a sensory stimulation type showed that the SVASG significantly decreased in the left frontal lobe and the left parietal lobe statistically compared to those of the ASG while sensory stimulation was given (p<.05). The relative beta power due to a sensory stimulation type showed that the SVASG significantly increased in the left and right frontal lobes, the left and right parietal lobes, and the left temporal lobe statistically compared to those of the ASG while sensory stimulation was given (p<.05). Conclusions: Electroencephalographic analysis showed that the type of sensory stimulation can affect the brain activity pattern. However, the effects were not studied that which brain activity pattern help to improved cognitive function of elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment.

The study examines physiological and neuronal processes of 26 inexpert wine drinkers in order to understand how consumers judge and choose wines during product experience. We analyzed if an increase in the beta band activity can be related to reward process and individual preference for a wine. We predicted that tasting different wines influence participants' preferences and beta band activity. We also hypothesized that high beta band activity would be related to preferences for a wine. The results confirmed that 1) tasting different wines modulate individual preferences and beta band activity and 2) the higher preferences for a wine corresponded to a stronger decrease in beta band oscillations.

This study investigated the convergence of the QEEG and mood state changes in healthy females from teens to twenties on the inhalation of jasmine oil in different concentrations (0.01~100%). Brain activity upon stimulation by different concentrations was analyzed based on the RPVs and CVB, representing a rate of change compared with the background QEEG. The emotions elicited through jasmine were evaluated on a 20-point scale. The result of this evaluation showed that jasmine deactivated fast alpha but activated theta. In addition, it provided evidence for changes in the frequency band according to concentration. As concentration increased, the effect of alpha inhibition decreased, while the effect of inhibition of the high frequency band (20~50 Hz) increased. SEF50 and SEF90, which indicate the state of arousal, decreased as the jasmine concentration increased. Furthermore, it was assessed as having a pleasant, feminine, fresh and soft odor. Therefore, this study suggested that the inhalation of jasmine oil affected brain wave activities and mood states.

The effects of national gymnastics and brain gymnastics on brain activity were analyzed in 20 healthy university students. The students were assigned to either a national gymnastics group or a brain gymnastics group. Their frontal lobe activity was recorded before and after the exercise, and the resting, attention, and concentration indexes of brain waves were measured. The resting index significantly decreased and concentration index significantly increased(p<.05) after the exercise in both the national and brain gymnastics groups. However, the attention index significantly increased only after brain gymnastics, and, on the contrary, decreased after national gymnastics. These findings suggest that brain gymnastics is effective for improving attention.

The aim of the study was to investigate the neural substrates associated with processing anger among young males with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Eighteen individuals with AUD and 15 demographically similar non-abusers participated in the study. Participants were scanned on their brain functioning while they viewed an audio-visual film clip that was previously designed specifically to induce anger emotion, followed by anpsychological assessment. Greater brain activities were detected in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) among subjects with AUD compared to the controls during the exposure to anger-provoking stimuli. Despite the same level of subjective anger during anger induction, the greater activations both in the IFG and dACC regions may suggestthat individuals with AUD have a greater propensity to undergo cognitive control and self-regulation while experiencing anger.

Some researchers have been the effect of people petting a dog while measuring their brain waves using an EEG recorder. However, until now, there was little information on the effects of petting a dog. This study investigated the effects of petting a companion dog on electrical activity in the brain as evaluated by an electroencephalogram(EEG). The subject was 23 healthy male young adult. EEG electrodes were attached at the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes according to the international 10-20 system. The subject conducted petting a retriever dog for a period of 3 minutes each before, and after petting a dog. The activity of petting a dog decreased the alpha power/beta power ratio on the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain. These decreases induced by the increased beta power. The increased beta power induced the enhancement of brain activity. It is concluded that petting a dog increases the state of activity in the brain; alpha powers/beta powers ratio was increased in the brain of subject. This is expected to be utilized to activate the brain areas for creativity of the subjects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive function and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) improvement with Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) and Stroke patient through Computer Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation (CACR) program within specific approach and hierarchial approach training program. For this investigation CACR training was administered to 14 patients diagnosed of TBI and Stroke. Method: The CACR was given to the subject patient for 1months, 5times a week and each stimulation lasted 30 minutes. Cognitive function and activities of daily living were compared pre-CACR program with post-CACR program by MMSE and FIM . Results: Summarizing the results of this investigation; 1. Statistically significant improvement in 8 items of MMSE and 11 items of FIM was found after the application of CACR program training. 2. Cognitive function showed the spastically significant improvement after CACR program within specific approach and hierarchial approach training program 3. Activities of daily living showed the statistically significant improvement after CACR program within specific approach and hierarchial approach especially hierarchial approach more statistically significant increased than specific approach.

본 연구의 목적은 기능적 근적외선 분광법인 fNIRS(functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)를 활용하여 미술표현에 따른 뇌 활성화를 측정하는 것이다. fNIRS는 소형의 크기에, 휴대성이 용이하고, 근적외선이 연구참여자의 전두엽에 비침습적으로 침투하여 대뇌의 혈류량을 파악하고, 이를 토대로 뇌의 활성화 상태를 측정하는 장비이다. K대학 소재의 연구참여자 4명을 대상으로 fNIRS 를 착용 후 1분 30초씩, 총 3번에 걸쳐서 미술표현 활동을 진행하였고, 개별 뇌 활성 이미지와 4명 의 평균 뇌 활성 이미지 및 그래프를 추출하였다. 분석결과 연구참여자 4명의 모든 미술표현 활동에서 시각적 작업기억을 담당하는 우측의 DLPFC영역, 메타인지와 평가 및 성찰을 담당하는 FPC 영역, 그리고 가치 부여 및 판단을 담당하는 OFC영역이 활성화 되었음을 확인하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 미술교육의 시사점 및 나아가야 할 방향을 제안하였다. 첫째, 미술활동은 우뇌와 좌뇌의 활성이 함께 일어나지만 비교적 우뇌가 더 많이 활성화 된다. 둘째, 미술표현활동은 주의집중과 목표지향적 행동, 동기부여를 유발하는 교과이다. 셋째, 미술표현 활동에서 자기평가와 성찰을 위해 표현 후 결과물에 대해 발표 및 소감문을 작성해 보는 시간이 필요하다. 넷째, 미술할동에서 주제를 제시할 때 막연하고 추상적인 주제가 아니라 구체적인 언어와 단어로써 제시해야 한다. 본 연구를 토대로 앞으로 미술교과와 관련된 과학적이고 객관적, 실증적인 연구가 많이 진행되어 미술교과의 위상을 높이고, 더 좋은 후속연구들이 이루어지기를 기대한다.

본 논문에서는 뇌기능의 최적화를 통해 좌, 우뇌 활성도의 대칭성을 향상시켜 불안, 우울과 같은 정서장애를 개선하기 위한 게임 활용 시스템에 대한 연구결과를 소개한다. 일반적으로 정 서장애를 보이는 환자들의 특징은 치료에 대한 의지가 낮아 확실한 동기부여가 필요하다. 이러 한 환자들에게 강한 동기를 제공하기 위해 흥미유발의 게임형 콘텐츠와 사용자화를 통한 맞춤 형 게임 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 5일 동안 진행한 실험 결과 좌, 우뇌 활성도의 대칭 정도가 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 제안된 게임 활용 시스템은 우울증, 집중 장애 치료와 같은 의료 분 야나 학생들의 집중도를 높여 학습에 도움을 주는 교육 분야 등 다양한 분야에 적용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

최근 교육에 관한 많은 관심들이 점차 조기교육으로 쏠리면서 영·유아들의 신체와 정서, 지능발달에 대한 학계와 일반인들의 관심이 점차 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아기 마사지·체조 프로그램이 아기의 뇌의 활동에는 어떠한 변화를 가져오는지에 대한 구체적인 경험적 증거를 제시하고자 EEG를 사용한 뇌파의 변화와 아기 엄마들을 대상으로 한 인터뷰를 통해 마사지와 체조가 아기의 신체적, 정서적 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 생후 3-6개월 사이의 아기들이었으며, 태어나면서부터 아기마사지를 실시하여 온 아기들 5명, 전혀 마사지를 실시하지 않은 아기들 4명이었다. 뇌 활동의 측정을 위해서는 유선뇌파 장비인 LXE 1104-RS232를 이용하여 EEG를 측정하여 분석하였다. 전극 부착부위는 전두엽(frontal lobe)부위의 인지능력을 받아들이는 영역인 F7과 감정에 관계되는 영역인 F8과 운동과 감각기관에 관여하는 영역인 두정엽(parietal lobe)의 C3, C4를 선택하였다. 분산분석 결과 마사지 전 평상시와 발·하체마사지, 상체 마사지, 체조 등 각 형태에 따라 델타파(F=5.515, p<.001), 알파파(F=8.989, p<.000), 베타파(F=4.796, p<.005), 감마파(F=5.519, p<.001)는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 세타파는 각 상태에 따라 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 아기마사지가 알파파를 증가시킬 것이라는 가설을 입증하였다. 특히 체조를 해주는 경우 감마파의 증가가 두드러지게 나타났다. 감마파는 지금까지 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않았으나 주로 인지적인 두뇌 활동을 할 때 나타나는 파형으로 알려져 있어 앞으로 상당히 의미 있게 다루어져야할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 그룹간인 마사지 그룹과 비마사지 그룹 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 평균 간에는 차이가 있었던 것으로 미루어보아 피험자의 수가 적었던 것이 한계점으로 작용을 하였을 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로 더 많은 후속연구가 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이다. 신체적, 정서적 변화에 대한 질적 연구의 결과 신체적 변화차원의 범주는 크게 발달과 건강 차원으로 나누어 졌으며, 정서적 변화차원의 범주는 크게 정서적 교감, 정서적 안정, 집중력의 차원으로 나누어 졌으며, 가장 좋아하는 부위는 발, 가장 좋아하는 시간은 오후 목욕한 후로 조사되었다. 이 연구는 신체적인 접촉이 인간의 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 기존의 연구결과에 덧붙여 아기와 부모간의 상호 신체접촉의 중요성을 다시 한번 일깨워 줄 수 있는 연구결과가 되었다고 할 수 있다.