본 시험은 reed canarygrass silage의 품질을 향상시키고 호기적 변패를 방지시킬 목적으로 재료를 약 1.5cm 길이로 절단하여 formic acid, caproic acid 및 두가지 산을 혼합하여 첨가한 silage를 9개의 처리구로 나누어 실험용 silo에 제조하였으며, silage의 품질분석을 위해서 두께 0.1mm, 용량 50kg의 vinyl bag을 이용하였다. 또한 호기적 상태에서의 온도변화, 질소 함량 변화 및 변패방지를 위

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of propionic acid and wilting on fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage. Grass material was wilted for a day before ensiling and propionic acid(0. 0, 0. 2. 0. 5 and 0.8 7~ of fresh matter)

Different timings of coverage by a small paper bag at the young fruit stage were tested in order to evaluate the effect on the protection of fruit damage occurred by disease or pest, and quality deterioration during organic cultivation of 'Hwasan' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pear cultivar. The occurrence of four major moth populations and two major diseases in pears were monitored from April to September 2015. Among major moths and diseases, Grapholita molesta and pear rust were found often in the organic pear orchard, and they were observed frequently in May. Coverage by a small paper bag at the young fruit stage resulted in better fruit quality and a higher proportion of commercial fruits compared to a coverage timing of conventional paper bag. Interestingly, the fastest coverage timing of a small paper bag at the young fruit stage (when it was covered in April) showed the lowest occurrence of damaged fruits, which indicates that it successfully protected fruits from the damage caused by moths and diseases during April and May. Moreover, this timing of small paper bag coverage did not negatively affect the major qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fruits. These results suggest that early coverage by a small paper bag at the young fruit stage can be considered an efficient management strategy for organic cultivation of ‘Hwasan’ pear cultivar.

Climate warming has the potential to deteriorate grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), offsetting the stimulative effects of elevating CO2. To know how the change in sink-source balances by reducing sink-size (RSS) may affect grain yield and quality of rice grown under various climate change scenarios, we conducted a temperature gradient chamber experiment with/without CO2 fumigation systems which were established in paddy field. Rice crops (cv. Ilmybyeo) were exposed to either ambient (396ppmV) or elevated CO2 of 673ppmV in three levels of air temperature [(Ta), local ambient Ta (24.8℃), 1.3℃ and 2.4℃ above ambient Ta] over whole seasons. Thus, the experiment was a 2×3 factorial design with three replicate plots of each CO2×Ta combination. At flowering, for two hills from each combination treatment total thirty (10 per each top, middle and basal parts of panicle) spikelets per panicle were removed with order of panicle appearance by scissors. This corresponded to a 25% reduction of total sink-size per hill. In ambient Ta and CO2 , grain yield decreased with RSS by 23.4%, approximately mirroring the reduced sink-size. With rising Ta, however, the yield reduction by RSS was significantly mitigated (-5.6% in 1.3℃ above ambient Ta), and the yield rather increased with RSS by 9.3% in 2.4℃ above ambient Ta. This was due primarily to the increased single grain mass with RSS. A similar response fashion of grain mass and yield with RSS to Ta was found in elevated CO2, but not CO2×Ta interaction. For brown rice, the fraction of normal rice was linearly reduced with rising Ta, ranging from 78.5～79.2% in local ambient Ta to 48.2～55.5% in 2.4℃ above ambient Ta over CO2 treatments. However, this deteriorative effect of rising Ta was significantly alleviated with RSS; the fractions of normal rice were a 81.9～84.1%, 75.9～77.2% and 64.0～66.3% in local ambient Ta, 1.3℃ and 2.4℃ above ambient Ta, respectively. The alleviative effect of RSS on rice quality was due mainly to the reduced immature rice, and was more conspicuous as Ta rises. These results suggest that current rice cultivars in Korea, at least cultivars tested in this experiment, will likely to be prone to source-limitation in the future projected warming with elevating CO2, and thereby will be needed a cultivar having either a greater source ability or a less sink size compared with current cultivars, in order to ensure a rice quality in the future warming conditions.

In order to provide informations for designing packaging and storage condition of dry jujube (Zizyphus jujuba MILLER), moisture sorption isotherm was determined for temperatures of 20, 30 and 4, and quality changes were evaluated as function of temperature and water activity. Dry jujube at a given water activity showed higher equilibrium moisture content for lower temperature. Moisture isothem could be fitted by GAB model equation, giving higher C value, lower m0 and relatively constant k value with increase in temperature. Ascorbic acid was lost more highly at higher temperature and water activity, and showed negligible retention for whole range of water activity and temperature studied after 141 days. Browning increased with water activity up to 0.73 at 30 and 4. Dry jujube of high water activity had high L value in surface color, which represent brightness of surface color. Considering quality retention in the storage, dry jujube is desired to be dried to water activity of 0.42 and be stored at temperature below 3