경상남도농업기술원(GARES)은 경상남도에서 재배되는 상업용 농작물의 균류, 세균, 바이러스 및 선충으로 인한 작물 병과 장애에 대한 진단을 제공하고 있다. 2020년과 2024년 사이에 GARES는 화훼 작물, 곡물 작물, 감자, 과일, 베리, 포도, 노지 및 온실 채소 작물, 견과류를 포함한 3,227개 병든 검체에 대한 진단을 의뢰받았다. 채소류 진단 의뢰는 모든 진단의 68%를 차지했으며, 대부분의 진단 의뢰는 고추, 딸기, 토마토, 파프리카와 같은 시설 채소류였다. 병원체별로는 대부분 진단 의뢰가 곰팡이와 난균류병(46%)이었고, 그다음으로 바이러스병(25%), 세균병(18%), 선충병(11%)이 그 뒤를 따랐다. 곰팡이와 난균류병 중에서는 Fusarium wilt가 가장 흔했으며, 곰팡이 및 난균류병의 35%를 차지했다. 진단 의뢰된 바이러스병은 주로 TSWV(142건), PepMoV(123건), ToCV(100건) 및 TYLCV(79건)였다. 세균병 중 세균시들음병이 전체의 절반 이상을 차지했 으며, 특히 고추, 가지, 토마토 등 가지과 채소에서 진단 의뢰 건수가 높았다. 뿌리혹선충은 전체 선충 진단 건수의 87% 이상을 차지했다. 의뢰 기간 과수화상병은 진단 의뢰되지 않았다. 파프리카에서 토마토퇴록바이러스(ToCV)가 검출되었고, 시설 토마토에서 Rhizobium rhizogenes에 의한 털뿌리병이 GARES에서 처음으로 검출되었으며, 국내 최초 보고로 이어졌다. 본 연구는 경남지역의 병해 진단 자료를 체계적으로 분석했으며, 향후 병해충 예측, 종합적 병해충 관리 및 방제 정책 수립에 귀중한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Zoonotic diseases transmitted through interconnected networks of humans, animals, and the environment are intensifying global public health and biosecurity threats under the One Health paradigm. Conventional diagnostic methods— including microbial culture, serological testing, and PCR-based molecular assays—are accurate but time-consuming, equipment-dependent, and difficult to implement in field settings. In this context, CRISPR-based nucleic acid diagnostics have emerged as an innovative tool that enables rapid, sensitive, and specific detection with minimal instrumentation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR systems and their diagnostic mechanisms, with a focus on point-of-care detection of zoonotic pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Mpox virus, and avian influenza virus. It also discusses field-deployable technologies, including digital CRISPR assays, one-tube platforms, electrochemical biosensors, and portable diagnostic systems aligned with WHO ASSURD criteria. In addition, the review examines practical considerations for applying CRISPR-based diagnostics in veterinary and food safety settings, including reagent stabilization, matrix compatibility, multiplex detection, and integration with data systems. Collectively, these advances position CRISPR diagnostics as a cornerstone of precision disease surveillance and early intervention within the One Health framework. This innovation heralds a new era of intelligent preventive veterinary medicine that aims to break zoonotic transmission cycles and ensure sustainable biosecurity.

본 연구는 2023년부터 2025년까지 전라남도 신안, 진도, 무안의 김(Pyropia spp.) 양식장에서 발생하는 주요 질병 3종 붉은갯병(Red rot disease), 올피디옵시스병 (Olpidiopsis disease), 녹반병(Green spot disease)의 발생 현황을 모니터링하였다. 총 49회의 현장 조사에서 1,470개의 엽체를 수집하였으며, 현미경 관찰을 통해 질병 진단을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 붉은갯병은 높은 발생률을 보였으며, 2023년에는 90.9%(10/11)의 양식장에서 검출되었고, 2024년에는 20%(5/25)로 감소하였다가 2025년에는 다시 76.9%(10/13)로 증가하였다. 올피디옵시스병은 연도별 변동이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 2023년 45.4%(5/11), 2024년 56%(14/25), 2025년 23% (3/13)의 양식장에서 검출되었다. 녹반병은 2023년 45.4%(5/11)의 양식장에서 발생하였고, 2024년 12%(3/25)로 감소하였다가 2025년 38.4%(5/13)로 다시 증가하였다. 지역별로 보면, 진도는 붉은갯병과 올피디옵시스병은 지속적이고 높은 수준으로 발생하여 고위험 지역임을 나타냈으며, 신안과 무안은 녹반병이 반복적으로 발생하는 양상을 보였다. 이 결과는 김 질병의 발생이 연도와 지역에 따라 뚜렷하게 달라지며, 해수 온도, 염분, 양식 밀도 등 환경 요인의 영향을 크게 받는다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 기후 변화에 따른 질병 발생 예측과 지역별 맞춤형 관리 전략 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공한다.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major storage medium for intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺). Changes in ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), which, in turn, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This paper investigates the pathways involved in ER stress, ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis, Ca²⁺ channels, and related oral diseases. A systematic search of the literature up to April 8, 2025, was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar with specific terms for ER stress, Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and oral disease. The findings are summarized in both graphical and narrative forms. Disruption of ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis leading to ER stress and UPR can cause cellular dysfunction and inflammation in oral tissues. Understanding the relationship between ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis and ER stress in oral diseases could provide new targets for oral disease treatment.

국내 핵의학은 1959년에 갑상선 질환 환자에서 131I를 이용하여 섭취 및 배출을 측정하면서 시작된 이후, 지난 60여 년간 괄목할 만한 발전을 이루어 왔다. 1961년에 도입된 핵의학 진단영상 검사는 감마카메라를 이용한 감마카메라영상 및 양전자단층 촬영(positron emission tomography, PET)을 이용한 PET/computed tomography (CT)가 현재 주요 검사로 자리잡고 있다. 감마 카메라와 PET/CT에 활용되는 방사성동위원소는 발생기 (generator)와 사이클로트론(cyclotron)을 통해 생산되며, 이러한 방사성동위원소는 표적 장기에 선택적으로 섭취되는 화합물에 표지되어 방사성의약품으로 조제된다. 국내에서 췌장담도 질환 환자에 주로 사용되는 핵의학 진단영상검사용 방사성의약품으 로는 전신뼈스캔에 사용되는 99mTc-dicarboxypropane diphosphonate (DPD)와 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP)가 있으며, 간담도스캔에는 99mTc-bromotriethyliminodiacetic acid (BrIDA 또는 mebrofenin)가 있다. 또한 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)와 18F-2-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA), 111Inpentetreotide (octreotide), 68Ga-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid0-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTA-TOC)는 주로 췌장담도계 종양의 진단과 치료 방침 결정에 유용하게 활용 되고 있다. 핵의학 진단영상검사로 인한 환자의 의료 피폭은 국내 자연 방사선으로 의한 방사선량과 비교하여 수용 가능한 수준으로 여겨진다. 임상의가 핵의학 진단영상검사의 특성을 충분히 이해하고 이를 환자와 효과적으로 소통할 경우, 신뢰 관계 형성은 물론 진료의 질 향상에도 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Background: As the length of stay for rehabilitation and medical care services for occupational injury patients continues to increase, this study aims to explore alternative solutions that can support the corporation's efforts to develop rehabilitation treatment programs in response. Objectives: By analyzing the most frequent diseases among occupational injury patients over the past five years and comparing the average length of stay (LOS) for each disease by disease type, occupation, gender, and type of accident, it is expected that the necessity for developing rehabilitation treatment programs for occupational injury patients can be identified. Furthermore, when applying the developed treatment programs, a reasonable LOS can be derived. Design: Patient clinical data lab. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2021, data from 292,423 occupational injury patients who submitted their initial medical treatment applications to the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service (KWCWS) and received approval for their occupational injuries were de-identified. After data preprocessing, the cases were categorized by diagnosis, and statistical analysis was conducted using Excel ver. 21.0. Results: In the intensive rehabilitation treatment process, inpatient and outpatient care show a very strong correlation with r=0.8817, followed by the total number of treatment days (r=0.6431) and the number of treatment sessions (r=0.6441). Conclusion: It is necessary to establish application criteria for injury groups that significantly impact the average medical care days and medical care benefits of industrial accident patients. These criteria should consider factors such as exceeding the average length of medical care for specific injury groups (orthopedic/neurological), gender differences (female patient group), discrepancies in inpatient and outpatient medical care benefits, the proportion of high disability grades (Grade 1-3), common injury (accident) types, and the top 1/2/3 associated injury groups by occupation type. Based on these criteria, simultaneous management of the provision timing of rehabilitation service programs and the average medical care days for the 50 most common injury groups is required.

Background: Automated classification systems using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can enhance accuracy and efficiency in diagnosing pet skin diseases within veterinary medicine. Objectives: This study created a system that classifies pet skin diseases by evaluating multiple ML models to determine which method is most effective. Design: Comparative experimental study. Methods: Pet skin disease images were obtained from AIHub. Models, including Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Boosted Stacking Ensemble (BSE), H2O AutoML, Random Forest, and Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT), were trained and their accuracy assessed. Results: The TPOT achieved the highest accuracy (94.50 percent), due to automated pipeline optimization and ensemble learning. H2O AutoML also performed well at 94.25 percent, illustrating the effectiveness of automated selection for intricate imaging tasks. Other models scored lower. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of AI-driven solutions for faster and more precise pet skin disease diagnoses. Future investigations should incorporate broader disease varieties, multimodal data, and clinical validations to solidify the practicality of these approaches in veterinary medicine.

Coffee is a major traded item worldwide. Uganda, where the coffee sector provides a livelihood to 1.8 million households, is Africa’s second-biggest coffee exporter. Pests and diseases are significant constraints affecting coffee production. Although the Ugandan government has implemented strategies to assist farmers in addressing these constraints, coffee pests and diseases continue to affect the yield and quality of coffee crops. This ongoing issue highlights the need for more effective and sustainable solutions to protect coffee production in Uganda. This review examined two prevalent diseases and two major pests known to significantly impact Uganda’s coffee systems. It explored strategies that pathogens and pests would utilize to invade and colonize coffee plants. Furthermore, this review evaluated current challenges and prospects for improving coffee pest and disease management. By offering valuable insights and recommendations, it aims to equip agricultural stakeholders with the knowledge needed to develop and implement more effective strategies for combating these persistent threats to coffee production in Uganda.

Non-human primates, due to their high genetic similarity to humans, are used as laboratory animals in biotechnology researches. The growing demand has recently led to a shortage of primate resources, which has become a significant issue both domestically and internationally. This shortage has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the importance of resource conservation through effective primate management is increasing. This requires the establishment of proper quarantine procedures and infectious disease control. Quarantine is an important process that protects not only animal health but also public health significance. Non-human primate quarantine procedures were organized in order. We compared the differences in quarantine procedures not only in Korea but also in various countries such as the US, EU, and Australia. In addition, the etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of representative infectious diseases of quarantine concern (tuberculosis, monkeypox, monkey immunodeficiency virus, salmonellosis, and shigellosis) were summarized. A literature review of nonhuman primate quarantine procedures in other countries revealed minimal differences in the basic structure. The quarantine periods were similar around 30 days, but we found some differences in details such as legal requirements, documentation forms, and quarantine authorities. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of strategies for improving methods to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and enhancing quarantine management methods.

Nicotinamide (NAM), a water-soluble derivative of vitamin B3, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for bonerelated disorders. In particular, it promotes bone metabolism and alleviates delayed tooth eruptions associated with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). NAM serves as a precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a key coenzyme involved in cellular metabolism that plays an essential role in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function. Recent research has highlighted the capacity of NAM to enhance osteogenic differentiation and regulate the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which is critical for maintaining bone homeostasis. Moreover, the effect of NAM in preventing delayed tooth eruptions in CCD models underscores its potential as a noninvasive therapeutic option. Considering its safety profile and therapeutic potential, NAM is a promising candidate for longterm treatment of bone diseases and prevention of age-related bone disorders.

목적: 본 연구는 실명을 유발하는 3대 주요 안질환의 연도별 유병률 추이를 관찰하고, 이들 질환의 인지율과 치 료율 비교와 관련 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 질병관리청 국민건강영양조사 제8기(2019~2021년도) 조사에 참여한 대상자 중 만 40세 이상인 성인들을 대상으로 녹내장, 황반변성, 당뇨병성 망막병증의 유병률, 인지율과 치료율을 연도별로 비교하고 일반적 특성을 분 석하였다. 결과: 3대 주요 안질환의 연도별 추이를 보면 녹내장의 유병률은 매년 일정한 추이를 보이지만 당뇨망막병증의 유병률은 당뇨병 유병율과 함께 해마다 증가하고 있다. 연도별 인지율과 치료율은 다른 질환에 비해 녹내장이 높은 편이었으며, 황반변성의 인지율이 상당히 낮게 나타났다. 녹내장과 황반변성은 나이가 주요한 변수였으며, 황반변 성은 교육수준이 높아질수록 인지율과 치료율이 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 당뇨병성 망막증의 경 우, 알코올 섭취는 인지율과 치료율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 3대 주요 안질환의 인지율과 치료율에 대한 차이를 비교할 수 있었으며, 치료율에 미치는 다양한 요인 또한 확인할 수 있었다.

The pet industry, especially pet food, is experiencing rapid growth. This growth is accompanied by increasing concerns about pets' gut health, as an imbalanced microbiota can lead to various diseases. This study analyzes global patent trends in microbiome-based technologies for treating pet digestive issues using the WIPS database across major markets. Of 1,194 patents identified, 394 key references were examined, highlighting the increasing number of probiotic and microbiome-related patents since 2016. China dominates this sector, followed by Korea, Japan, and the United States. The findings provide a foundation for advancing microbiome-driven solutions for pet digestive ailments.