We assessed the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate at four surveying sites in Upo Wetland, a Ramsar site and the largest wetland in Korea, from February 2006 to November 2013. A long-term ecological monitoring was done monthly by using quantitative sampling method with dip net for analyzing the community change and correlation between the biodiversity and the environmental factors because environmental factors have a decisive effect on the community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Total samples from the Upo Wetland area were classified into 3 phyla, 6 classes, 17 orders, 68 families, 176 species, and 25,720 individuals. Among the 176 species, 62 of the species had not been previously reported in this area. Asellus sp., Diplonychus esakii, and Gyraulus chinensis were the most common species in Upo Wetland. The change patterns of annual species diversity and species richness were calculated by using the average number of monthly occurring species and individuals. Diversity index increased from March to May and decreased after that showing lower diversity indices in July and August. It increased again in September and in October. Richness index showed similar tendency and fell around February and July, followed by a rising tendency around May and October. Correlation and regression analyses were performed with the change of biodiversity and each environmental factor. We found that water temperature have very significant positive correlation with species diversity in spring, and have significant indices in autumn and winter. On the other hand, precipitation showed a significantly negative correlation value in summer and autumn suggesting it has an effect on the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates.

In this study, a comprehensive field monitoring was conducted to understand habitat conditions of fish species in up and downstream of Hoengseong Dam. Based on the monitoring data, riverine health conditions such as composition ratio of fish species, bio-diversity (dominance index, diversity, evenness and richness), index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) were assessed, and optimal ecological flowrates (OEF) were estimated using the habitat suitability indexes (HSI) established for three fish species Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pungtungia herzi and Microphysogobio longidorsalis selected as icon species using the physical habitat simulation system (PHABSIM). The total number of species sampled was 20 species, and two species of Zacco platypus (30.4%) and C. splendidus (20.9%) dominated the fish community. As a result, it was revealed that IBI and QHEI values decreased from upstream to downstream along the river. The estimated IBI value ranged from 24 to 36 with average being 30.9 out of 50, rendering the site ecologically fair to good health conditions. HSI for C. splendidus were determined according to three different month in terms of season: Spring (April), Summer (August) and Autumn (October). HSI for flow velocity were estimated at 0.7 to 0.8 m/s for the Spring, 0.5 to 1.0 m/s for the Summer and 0.8 to 0.9 m/s for the Autumn. HSI for water depth were estimated at 0.3 to 0.5 m for the Spring; 0.3 to 0.5 m for the Summer; and 0.3 to 0.4 m for the Autumn. OEF was estimated at 4.2 and 6.5 m3/s for the Spring and Autumn, and 12.0 m3/s for the Summer. Overall, it was concluded that the Hoengseong Dam has been relatively well protected from the anthropogenic disturbance for the legally protected species including the endemic species studied in this study.

본 연구는 수변구역에 분포하는 식물상 및 수생태계의 군집구조 규명과 하천유역의 생태계 변화 예측을 통한 수생식물군락 보전대책 수립을 위해 거창군 위천강 유역을 대상으로 수행하였다. 조사구간을 통틀어 분포하고 있는 관속식물은 총 67과 161속 162종 27변종 3품종 총 192종류로 목본류 보다 초본류의 출현종 수가 높게 나타났다. 정수식물과 부엽식물대는 조성되지 않았으며, 습생식물로는 고마리, 여뀌, 닭의장풀, 산둑사초, 갯버들, 키버들, 달뿌리풀, 미나리 등이 확인되었다. 식물군락으로는 대표적인 우점군락은 달뿌리풀 군락이었고 다음으로 갯버들 군락이 형성되어 있었다. 5개의 조사지점을 분석한 결과, 달뿌리풀, 수크령, 산둑사초 등의 중요도가 높았으며, 종다양성지수는 0.890~1.337, 군집유사도는 0.33~0.60을 보였다. 조사대상지는 농경지, 답압, 가축방목, 돌망태, 콘크리트 옹벽 등의 호한공사 등에 의한 다양한 교란요인에 노출되어 있었으며, 강우에 의해 유실되는 토양이 하상 내 광폭부를 중심으로 일시적인 퇴적지를 형성하는 현상이 발생하고 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 퇴적토사를 제거하고, 미나리, 갈대, 부들 등 수질정화수종 조성 및 수변구역 식생안정화 유도 및 수질을 정화하는 등의 대책이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The study on community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates from wetland Woopo was conducted for the long-term ecological monitoring. The wetland Woopo is located in Changnyeong-Gun, Gyeongsangnam - Do of Korea. In 2006, we investigated the seasonal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates with quantitative and qualitative collecting methods. The collection was performed monthly at four surveying region, Woopo, Sajipo, Mokpo and Topyong stream. In this study, 6 classes, 16 orders, 48 families, 95 species were identified on group of benthic macroinvertebrates. The species diversity index and the species richness index were the highest in Topyung region and it was 3.222 and 10.216 respectively. The two species, Cercion calamorum and Cloeon dipterum were quantitatively collected for 9 months. The changes of body lengths of 50 individuals were recorded and the advanced growth on the two species was expected from present study.

광덕산에 자생하고 있는 쥐다래는 잎이 개화기에 분홍색으로 변하는 등 높은 관상가치를 지니고 있다. 이를 조경원예수종으로 개발하기 위하여 생태적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 광덕산 서식지의 해발표고는 최저 679m에서 최고1014m까지 분포하였고, 기상온도는 일년 중 최저기온이 -23.3℃, 최고 기온이 28.7℃로서 서울의 기온보다 각각 9.2℃와 6.0℃가 낮았다.2. 유기물 함량은 1.5~5.4%, 유효인산 함량은 16~ 49mg/kg, 토양산도는 5.2~6.0 범위였다. 3. 광덕산 쥐다래 서식지의 식생은 총 50과 99속 113종 17변종 이었다.4. 쥐다래 서식지는 임도주변 수광률이 높은 곳에 서식하고 있는데 목본은 산뽕나무, 물푸레나무, 당단풍나무가 우점하고 있으며 초본류는 내음성이 높은 넓은잎외잎쑥과 대사초, 큰개별꽃의 피복률이 상대적으로 높았다.

The characters of Castanea crenata community which is associated with human activities recently extended around the field of Saengbiryang-myeon at Sanseong-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do. The C. crenata community and its outskirts were investigated for several ecological parameters and the results can be summarized as fellows. C. crenata is prevailing in the plantation area, whereas Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are prevailing in its outskirts. The mean species diversity of plantation was lower than that of natural forests. In stratification of investigated areas, overstory tree layer was dominant in the zone of plantation and dominant layers in the natural forest were understory tree layer, shrub, and herb. Plant biomass and net production which estimated from degree of green naturality were much higher in natural forests than those of the plantation community. Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc analysis revealed that P. densiflora and Q. mongolica community had significantly greater than densities than C. crenata community

본 조사는 해안 도서지방인 신안군 임자도를 중심으로 이 지역에 분포하는 귀화식물상과 주요군락의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사된 귀화식물은 1999년에는 14과(科) 45종(種), 2005년에는 14과(科) 54종(種)이 조사되었다. 그 결과 본 조사에서 능수참새그령, 들묵새, 미국개기장, 창명아주, 유럽점나도나물, 어저귀, 비짜루국화, 큰금계국, 노랑코스모스 등 9종이 추가로 조사되었다. 귀화식물군락은 군락조성표에 따라서 미국자리공군락, 개보리군락, 개망초-망초군락, 달맞이꽃군락, 물참새군락, 들묵새군락, 노랑코스모스군락으로 분류되었으며 주요군락의 분포면적이 변화하고 있었다. 이러한 귀화식물군락의 주요 분포지역은 귀화식물의 서식지 특성상 인가와 도로주변의 인위적인 영향을 많이 받고 있는 지역을 중심으로 군락을 이루고 있었다.