In this paper, as there are many cases of fires occurring due to the failure or inoperability of the thermostat of electronic products, the purpose is to test and analyze the risks and probabilities through fire cases and reproduction experiments, and suggest countermeasures. Among electronic products, water purifiers are composed of a refrigerant system with a compressor to make cold water, a heating device to make hot water, and an electric device used as an energy source. Due to the nature of the water purifier manufacturing, these devices are subject to a lot of moisture and dust. etc. exist in large quantities and use electrical energy, so there is a possibility of fire due to short circuit in the wire, electrical abnormal overheating (tracking phenomenon) in the thermostat, electronic board, starting relay, etc., and overheating of the heating device (Band Heater). there is. Therefore, in order to prevent fires from these devices, a system to remove foreign substances inside the water purifier is necessary, the use of heat-resistant (fire-resistant) wires for electrical devices is essential, and the use of non-combustible materials (semi-combustible materials) for each part is necessary to prevent fire. The risk must be eliminated through prevention and combustion expansion prevention devices.

PURPOSES : The wedge-type anchorage system requires a complex analysis of not only the tensile stress of the CFRP plate, but also the compressive stress and shear stress generated by the wedge action. The purpose of this study is to find a composite material failure theory that is suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system among various failure theories. METHODS : In this study, numerical analysis of various composite material failure theories was performed to analyze the anchorage strength and failure mode of the wedge-type anchorage system according to each failure theory, and compared with actual test results to determine the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of a wedge-type anchorage system. RESULTS : Since the Maximum Stress failure theory shows similar results to the actual test in terms of failure mode and anchorage strength, there is no significant problem in applying it to the wedge-type anchorage system. However, it is judged to be difficult to apply under property conditions where interactions between stresses are highlighted. The Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu failure theories are considered unsuitable for application to wedge-type anchorage systems because the wedge angle conditions at which the most advantageous anchorage strength occurs are significantly different from other theories and the fracture type cannot be predicted. The Hashin-Rotem failure theory is considered to be the most appropriate to apply as a failure theory for the wedge-shaped anchorage system because the anchorage strength was slightly lower than the actual test results, but there was no significant difference, and the failure mode was consistent with the test results. The Hashin failure theory is judged to be unsuitable for application as a failure theory for the wedge-type anchorage system because the anchorage strength and failure mode were interpreted differently from the actual test results. CONCLUSIONS : The Hashin-Rotem failure theory was presented as the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system.

For safe and economical spent fuel management, assessing the integrity of the cladding, which is the first barrier to the escape of radioactive material, is very important. For the sake of risk assessment, it is essential to calculate the probability of failure of the spent fuel rods loaded inside the cask during the transportation or storage. However, due to the large amounts of calculations required, it is not practical to analyze every detail of the spent fuel rods and assemblies. This study presents a methodology to perform a cask-level analysis by sequentially simplifying the fuel rods and spent fuel assemblies for the calculation of fuel rod failure probability. A simplified single fuel rod model was generated by considering the material properties of a high burnup fuel rod stored in dry storage for approximately 5 years and the interfacial bonding conditions of the cladding tube. The simplified model produces the same deflection as the detailed model at the critical moment that produces a fracture plastic strain of 1%. The developed single fuel rod simplified model is assembled in a CE 16×16 configuration, and a methodology is presented in which the CE 16×16 assembly model is once again replaced by a simplified model with a cuboidal shape. Compression analyses were performed on each part of the CE 16×16 model to obtain isotropic property data, and a simplified model was created based on those data and the cross-sectional second moment values of the parts. A cask drop analysis was performed to validate the similarity of the CE 16×16 model and the simplified model by comparing important structural responses such as impact acceleration. The 20 simplified fuel assembly models and one detailed model were loaded into a cask to perform the drop analysis. For the detailed model, the impact acceleration was extracted for different loading positions and the corresponding impact load and pinch load were derived. The spring force and contact force corresponding to the pinch load were extracted by applying a Python script technique to extract the maximum value of them exerted on each fuel rod. The vulnerability of spent fuel rods to bending loads and the failure criteria were considered during the simplification process of a single fuel rod. From the extracted impact and pinch loads, the probability of failure of the spent fuel rods as a function of impact acceleration can be calculated.

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석 프로그램을 통해 파괴 거동 유형별 철근콘크리트 기둥 및 폭발 하중을 모델링하였으며, 실제 실험과 의 동적 응답을 비교하여 모델의 적합성을 입증하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 폭발 하중에 대한 부재의 동적 응답을 확인하기 위해 폭발 하중 시나리오를 설정하였으며 해당 시나리오별 폭발 하중에 대한 시간에 따른 변위 및 응력 결과를 도출하였다. 동적 응답을 통 해 폭발 하중에 대한 기둥의 성능평가(Ductility, Residual)를 수행하였으며 이를 비교 및 분석하였다.

PURPOSES : The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the factors that affect traffic incident duration in the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments of an expressway. In addition, this study derived the most suitable statistical prediction model based on various incident duration distributions. METHODS : South Korean expressway crash data for 11 years, from 2011 to 2021, were analyzed. The incident durations on the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments were selected using the accelerated failure time model, which is a parametric survival analysis approach. RESULTS : The mainline segment showed that the incident duration increased during accidents, including guard pipe collisions, multivehicle collisions, and snowfall. In particular, collisions in a tunnel with shoulder facilities increase the incident duration, while decreasing the time in the ramp segment. CONCLUSIONS : The incident duration model for each segment type yielded the most accurate results when applying a log-logistic distribution.

We have observed a phenomenon where the internal X capacitors of the input EMI filter experienced damage during operation. To solve the problem, we have analyzed the malfunction by identifying the characteristics and operating principles of EMI filter. Based on this analysis, we have derived improvement strategies and validated them through experiments. This paper help some people prevent the similar problem when developing the similar equipment and solve the similar problem of the similar equipment.

In this study, molten salt experiments were performed using a multi-purpose molten salt experimental loop to evaluate the corrosion and thermodynamic properties of the molten salt. The multi-purpose molten salt experimental loop is made of 1-inch austenitic 316 stainless steel, and 1/4-inch austenitic 316 stainless steel tubes were welded on the surface of a 1-inch pipe to measure temperatures of molten salt. During the experiment, the molten salt leaked due to corrosion of the welded part of the 1/4-inch tube connected to the 1-inch pipe. Therefore, the cause of corrosion damage of the leaked welded part was analyzed. The effect of NaCl-MgCl2 salt selected as the molten salt on corrosion failure was considered. And based on the operation data of molten salt experiments, the time of occurrence of the issue was estimated. Lastly, the cause of corrosion failure was estimated by comparing and analyzing the pipe shape before and after failure using SEM-EDS.

This study explores multiple variables of an OTT service for discovering hidden relationship between rating and the other variables of each successful and failed content, respectively. In order to extract key variables that are strongly correlated to the rating across the contents, this work analyzes 170 Netflix original dramas and 419 movies. These contents are classified as success and failure by using the rating site IMDb, respectively. The correlation between the contents, which are classified via rating, and variables such as violence, lewdness and running time are analyzed to determine whether a certain variable appears or not in each successful and failure content. This study employs a regression analysis to discover correlations across the variables as a main analysis method. Since the correlation between independent variables should be low, check multicollinearity and select the variable. Cook's distance is used to detect and remove outliers. To improve the accuracy of the model, a variable selection based on AIC(Akaike Information Criterion) is performed. Finally, the basic assumptions of regression analysis are identified by residual diagnosis and Dubin Watson test. According to the whole analysis process, it is concluded that the more director awards exist and the less immatatable tend to be successful in movies. On the contrary, lower fear tend to be failure in movies. In case of dramas, there are close correlations between failure dramas and lower violence, higher fear, higher drugs.

As earthquakes continue to occur in Korea in recent years, seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing school buildings have been carried out. Many domestic school buildings were built using or referring to standard drawings. Therefore, if the overall structural characteristics of a school building can be known first based on standard drawings, it can be provided as valuable data for detailed seismic evaluation. For this reason, this study investigated the weak structural components and failure modes by comparing the strength of beams, columns, and joints constituting standard school buildings constructed in the 1980s. The evaluation was performed for different types of standard drawings and different material strengths. The results showed that the joint was mainly the weakest due to the eccentricity, and the failure modes were partially changed depending on the material strength.

원자력 발전소에 지진격리장치를 설치하여 내진성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 그러나 지진격리장치의 적용으로 지반과 구조물 사이에서 큰 상대 변위가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 지진격리된 구조물과 일반 구조물을 연결하는 연결배관시스템의 경우 지진리스크가 증가할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 배관시스템의 지진취약도를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진취약도 분석 을 위해 지진격리된 APR1400 원자력발전소와 주증기관을 대상으로 지진취약도를 분석하였다. 주증기관은 지진격리된 nuclear island의 보조 건물과 터빈 건물을 연결하는 인터페이스 배관이다. 지진취약도 분석을 위한 파괴모드는 누출관통균열로 정의하였다. 누출은 실험결과와 수치해석을 통해 손상지수로 정량화하여 취약도 분석을 위한 파괴기준으로 사용하였다. 파괴기준의 변동에 의한 취약도 곡선의 변동성을 확인하기 위하여 손상지수의 최솟값, 최댓값, 평균값 및 중앙값을 파괴기준으로 하여 지진취약도 곡선을 작성하였다.

In this study, analyzed the cause of failure of the cardan shaft for water propulsion of an armored wheeled vehicle. During the development test(DT), the vehicle was deflected to the left on the water. As a result of the confirmation, increasing angular displacement and abrasion of SPIDER(Universal joint) occurred. As a result of a structure analysis and torsion fracture test, cause of failure is not insufficient design and strength deficit of each parts. and as a result of a simulation review of the assembly layout of each part, it was confirmed that excessive rotational vibration occurred. In order to solve this problem, improved the assembly layout of the water propulsion system and the worn SPIDER lubrication. Since there has been no occurrence of the same case between military operations so far, it has been confirmed that the improvement plan is appropriate.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to understand blow-up distress and causes in concrete pavement. METHODS : Feasible causes of blow-up and existing models were reviewed based on the literature. Three analytical models were adopted to perform a sensitivity analysis. Input parameters reflected the typical concrete pavement of national expressways. Evaluation of blow-up models was based on the amount of temperature increase and zero stress temperature of the concrete pavement. RESULTS : A review of the literature indicated that the five major causes of blow-up were: increase in temperature and solar radiation, alkaliaggregate reaction (AAR), friction characteristics between the concrete slab and subbase, joint closure (incompressible), and joint freezing. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the coefficient of thermal expansion had the greatest influence on the blow-up safety temperature. CONCLUSIONS : From existing blow-up model results, it could be concluded that the construction of concrete pavement during the winter season was not effective at preventing blow-up. In addition, an equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion that considers slab expansion due to AAR was proposed as a model input parameter for concrete pavement sections damaged by AAR.

In this study, temperature and pressure of guided wave radar products are transmitted at high temperature and high pressure. In the case of transmission of temperature pressure, high temperature and high pressure steam leak from the guide rod part to the atmosphere causes the failure. Therefore, in this study, structural analysis and thermal flow analysis of the product are performed to identify the problem of the product, so as to prevent leakage in the product development by grasping the cause of the leakage of the product. In this study, if the method of assembling the lower end of the piston rod and the gasket is changed from line contact to face contact,

The seismic safety of nuclear power plants has always been emphasized by the effects of accidents. In general, the seismic safety evaluation of nuclear power plants carries out a seismic probabilistic safety assessment. The current probabilistic safety assessment assumes that damage to the structure, system, and components (SSCs) occurs independently to each other or perfect dependently to each other. In case of earthquake events, the failure event occurs with the correlation due to the correlation between the seismic response of the SSCs and the seismic performance of the SSCs. In this study, the EEMS (External Event Mensuration System) code is developed which can perform the seismic probabilistic safety assessment considering correlation. The developed code is verified by comparing with the multiplier n, which is for calculating the joint probability of failure, which is proposed by Mankamo. It is analyzed the changes in seismic fragility curves and seismic risks with correlation. As a result, it was confirmed that the seismic fragility curves and seismic risk change according to the failure correlation coefficient. This means that it is important to select an appropriate failure correlation coefficient in order to perform a seismic probabilistic safety assessment. And also, it was confirmed that carrying out the seismic probabilistic safety assessment in consideration of the seismic correlation provides more realistic results, rather than providing conservative or non-conservative results comparing with that damage to the SSCs occurs independently.

Laminated composite structures have started to play a very significant role in primary and secondary structural weight savings in high performance automobile industries. However, one of the main challenges in implementing these composites is the lack of understanding of the progress of the damage under various loading conditions. In order to understand the influence of design parameters related to the use of composite materials, a proper study of the laminated composite structures requires a complete failure analysis, which includes both initiation and propagation of damage. In this study, a new damage model was developed to predict the progressive damage of the composite, and the progress of damage was investigated by making center-notch and open-hole tensile test specimens for various lay-ups. The simulations, in agreement with experimental tests, indicate that the model is capable of predicting the failure load in open hole composite structures.

In recent years, the diminishing of operation and maintenance cost using advanced maintenance technology is attracting many companies’ attention. Especially, the heavy machinery industry regards it as a crucial problem since a failure of heavy machinery requires high cost and long downtime. To improve the current maintenance process, the heavy machinery industry tries to develop a methodology to predict failure in advance and to find its causes using usage data. A better analysis of failure causes requires more data so that various kinds of sensor are attached to machines and abundant amount of product usage data is collected through the sensor network. However, the systemic analysis of the collected product usage data is still in its infant stage. Many previous works have focused on failure occurrence as statistical data for reliability analysis. There have been less works to apply product usage data into root cause analysis of product failure. The product usage data collected while failures occur should be considered failure cause analysis. To do this, this study proposes a methodology to apply product usage data into failure cause analysis. The proposed methodology in this study is composed of several steps to transform product usage into failure causes. Various statistical analysis combined with product usage data such as multinomial logistic regression, T-test, and so on are used for the root cause analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to field data coming from operated locomotive and the analysis result shows its effectiveness.

Naval combat system developed in-country is progressing at an alarming rate since 2000. ROK navy will be achieved all vessels that have combat system in the near future. The importance of System Engineering and Integrated Logistics Support based on reliability analysis is increasing. However, reliability analysis that everyone trusted and recognized is not enough and applied practically for development of Defense Acquisition Program. In particular, Existing Reliability Analysis is focusing on reliability index (Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) etc.) for policy decision of defense improvement project. Most of the weapon system acquisition process applying in the exponential distribution simply persist unreality due to memoryless property. Critical failures are more important than simple faults to ship’s operator. There are no confirmed cases of reliability analysis involved with critical failure that naval ship scheduler and operator concerned sensitively.Therefore, this study is focusing on Mean Time To Critical Failure (MTTCF), reliability on specific time and Operational Readiness Float (ORF) requirements related to critical failure of Patrol Killer Guided missile (PKG) combat system that is beginning of naval combat system developed in-country. Methods of analysis is applied parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. It is compared to the estimates and proposed applications. The result of study shows that parametric and non-parametric estimators should be applied differently depending on purpose of utilization based on test of normality. For the first time, this study is offering Reliability of ROK Naval combat system to stakeholders involved with defense improvement project. Decision makers of defense improvement project have to active support and effort in this area for improvement of System Engineering.