This paper examines a simple one-step and catalyst-free method for synthesizing carbon nanoparticles from aliphatic alcohols and n-hexane with linear molecule formations by using a stable solution plasma process with a bipolar pulse and an external resistor. When the external resistor is adopted, it is observed that the current spikes are dramatically decreased, which induced production of a more stable discharge. Six aliphatic linear alcohols (methanol- hexanol) containing carbon with oxygen sources are studied as possible precursors for the massive production of carbon nanoparticles. Additional study is also carried out with the use of n-hexane containing many carbons without an oxygen source in order to enhance the formation of carbon nanoparticles and to eliminate unwanted oxygen effects. The obtained carbon nanoparticles are characterized with field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that with increasing carbon ratios in alcohol content, the synthesis rate of carbon nanoparticles is increased, whereas the size of the carbon nanoparticles is decreased. Moreover, the degree of graphitization of the carbon nanoparticles synthesized from 1-hexanol and n-hexane with a high carbon (C)/oxygen (O) ratio and low or no oxygen is observed to be greater than that of the carbon nanoparticles synthesized from the corresponding materials with a low C/O ratio.

One of functions of Galla Rhois (GR) is reportedly an anti-inflammatory effect on the several inflammatory diseases. However, an effect of GR related to periodontitis has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of the hexane extract of Galla Rhois (GR-H) on periodontitis. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTS analysis using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells. Experimental periodontitis was induced by injecting E.coli LPS into the palatal gingiva maxillary molar thrice weekly for 3 weeks (LPS group). GR-H diluted in 1xPBS was orally administrated using a syringe at 30 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight once a day (GR-H group). GR-H effect on the alveolar bone loss (ABL) was digitized with a micro-CT. GR-H treatment at concentrations exceeding 0.5 mg/ml showed cytotoxic effect in hGF cells. The micro-CT among groups were presented for the different distances from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC). The results indicated an inhibitory effect on alveolar bone loss for orally administered GR-H in a model of LPS-induced periodontitis.

유기용매와 초임계유체를 사용하여 대두분말에서 지방성분을 추출하는 공정에서 분말화공정(분쇄)의 시간의 변화에 따른 입자도와 초고압처리에 의한 추출속도를 측정하였다. 대두분말의 입자가 작을수록 추출속도가 향상되었으면 이는 입자의 크기가 작아짐에 따라 전체적인 표면적이 증가하여 고-액추출에서 중요한 반응기작인 물질전달속도를 증가시켰기 때문이라 판단된다. 초고압공정을 적용 시 동일한 입자크기에서 추출속도가 현저히 향상되었으며 이는 대두분말 내부에서 발생하는 확산현상에 대한 저항이 초고압상태에서의 변화로 감소되었기 때문이라 사료된다. 초임계유출에 의한 추출은 수율이 낮은 단점이 있으나 입자의 크기가 큰 상태에서는 초고압처리를 전처리로 사용할 경우 시간당 추출량을 상당부분 증가시킬 수 있음을 보여주었으나, 입자크기가 작을 경우 초고압처리가 영향을 미치지 못함을 보여주었다.

It is well known that the membrane permeation in pervaporation is governed by both the chemical nature of the membrane material and the physical structure of the membrane and also the separation can be achieved by differences in either solubility, size or shape. The solubility of the penerrant in the polymeric membrane can be described qualitively by applying the Hildebrand relation [1] which relates the energy of mixing of the penerrant and the polymer material. Froehling et al. have tried to predict the swelling behavior of polymers for the systems of polyvinylchloride(PVC)-toluene-methanol, PVC-trichloroethylene-nitromethane and PVC-n-butylacetate-nitromethane[2]. The former two systems which do not show the donor/acceptor interactions upon mixing showed the successful results[2]. In addition to this technique, there are several other possible approaches to predict the swelling behaviors of polymers, such as the surface thermodynamic approach[3, 4], the comparison of the membrane polarity with the solvent polarity in terms of Dimroth's solvent polarity value[5].

피부 기저막(basement membrane, BM)이란 표피와 진피 사이에 존재하는 특별한 구조물로 표피와 진피 를 단단히 고정시켜 피부 구조를 유지하는 데에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 노화 및 자외선 노출에 의한 피부 기저막 의 구조적 변화와 파괴는 피부 주름 형성과 탄력 저하를 포함하는 피부노화 현상의 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. Laminin-332 (LN-332)는 피부 기저막을 구성하는 주성분으로 피부에서 표피와 진피를 단단히 고정시키는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 왕불유행 헥산 분획물(Melandrium firmum hexane fraction, MFHF)이 각 질형성세포에서 LN-332 발현에 미치는 효과를 확인하였다. 정량적 real-time PCR (RT-PCR)과 단백질 발현 분석을 통해서 MFHF가 LN-332의 mRNA 발현 및 단백질 발현을 촉진시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 MFHF가 어떤 신호전달 경로를 통해 LN-332 발현을 조절하는지 확인하기 위하여 p38 MAPK 억제제인 SB202190과 ERK1/2 억제제인 U0126을 처리한 결과, p38 MAPK 억제제에 의해서 LN-332 발현이 완벽히 억제됨을 확인 하였다. 또한, 피부 기저막을 구성하고 있는 콜라겐 타입 VII과 integrin α6의 mRNA 발현 역시 MFHF에 의해 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 우리는 본 연구를 통해 MFHF가 각질형성세포에 작용하여 피부 기저막을 구성하는 성분들의 생성을 촉진할 수 있는 소재로 작용할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 기저막의 구조적, 기능 적 이상에 의해 나타나는 피부노화 현상의 개선을 위해 활용할 수 있을 것이라 제안한다.

This study was conducted to improve the analytical method of siloxanes in biogas. Methanol and hexane were tested as absorption solvents of the impinger absorption method, and also the hexane extraction for pretreatment of sample was evaluated. Manufactured gas contained siloxanes of 50 ppm was completely absorbed by the methanol impinger absorption. The absorption efficiency of biogas containing only 2 ppm, however, was maximum 84%. As the condensate on the first impinger increased, the absorption rate of methanol was decreased. The hexane extraction method of the sample was considered to proper the method of moisture removal. The hexane extraction result showed the high recovery factor and the low relative standard deviation. It is suggested that the suitable choice of solvent and pretreatment is required, as the analysis result of siloxane sample may be differentiated depending on the type of biogas or the sampling point.

Present study evaluated the low-temperature destruction of n-hexane and benzene using mesh-type transition-metal platinum(Pt)/stainless steel(SS) catalyst. The parameters tested for the evaluation of catalytic destruction efficiencies of the two volatile organic compounds(VOC) included input concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, and surface area of catalyst. It was found that the input concentration affected the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane and benzene, but that this input-concentration effect depended upon VOC type. The destruction efficiencies increased as the reaction time increased, but they were similar between two reaction times for benzene(50 and 60 sec), thereby suggesting that high temperatures are not always proper for thermal destruction of VOCs, when considering the destruction efficiency and operation costs of thermal catalytic system together. Similar to the effects of the input concentration on destruction efficiency of VOCs, the reaction temperature influenced the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane and benzene, but this temperature effect depended upon VOC type. As expected, the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane increased as the surface area of catalyst, but for benzene, the increase rate was not significant, thereby suggesting that similar to the effects of the reaction temperature on destruction efficiency of VOCs, high catalyst surface areas are not always proper for economical thermal destruction of VOCs. Depending upon the inlet concentrations and reaction temperatures, almost 100% of both n-hexane and benzene could be destructed. The current results also suggested that when applying the mesh type transition Metal Pt/SS catalyst for the better catalytic pyrolysis of VOC, VOC type should be considered, along with reaction temperature, surface area of catalyst, reaction time and input concentration.

일당귀의 n-hexane분획이 횐쥐에서 에탄올투여로 생성된oxygen free radical대사와 지질과산화작용에 미치는 영향을검토하기 위하여 실험동물을 정상군, 일당귀 n-hexane 분획70 mg/kg투여군, 알코올투여군(35 ethanol 10 mL/kg, b.w./day), 알코올(35 ethanol 10 mL/kg, b.w./day) 및 일당귀 n-hexane 분획 70 mg/kg 병합투여군과 알코올(35 ethanol 10mL/kg,