The purpose of this paper is to explore underlying antecedents for inconspicuous luxury motivations by developing and testing a conceptual model under the self-concept mechanism with the influence of cultural capital. A questionnaire-based survey is used to collect data, and structural equation modeling is applied to analyze the data. Although growing interests in academia focus on the relationship between cultural capital and inconspicuous luxury, quantitative studies are scant. This research contributes to the literature by empirically investigating the impact of cultural capital in the relationship within the construct of consumers’ self-concept and inconspicuous luxury motivations.

As the uncertainty of technology development and market needs increases due to changes in the global business environment, the interest and demand for R&D activities of individual companies are increasing. To respond to these environmental changes, technology commercialization players are paying great attention to enhancing the qualitative competitiveness of R&D. In particular, R&D companies in the marine and fishery sector face many difficulties compared to other industries. For example, the R&D environment is barren, it is challenging to secure R&D human resources, and it is facing a somewhat more difficult environment compared to other sectors, such as the difficulty in maintaining R&D continuity due to the turnover rate of researchers. In this study, based on the empirical data and patent status of private companies closely related to the R&D technology status, big data analysis, and simulation analysis methods were used to identify the relative position of individual companies' R&D capabilities and industrial perspectives. In this study, based on industrial evidence and patent applications closely related to the R&D technology status, the R&D capabilities of individual companies were evaluated using extensive data analysis and simulation analysis methods, and a statistical test was performed to analyze if there were differences in capabilities from an industrial point of view. At this time, the industries to be analyzed were based on all sectors, the maritime industry, the fisheries industry, and the maritime industry integration sector. In conclusion, it was analyzed that there was a certain level of difference in the R&D capabilities of individual companies in each industry sector, Therefore when developing a future R&D capability system, it was confirmed that it was necessary to separate the population for each industry and establish a strategy.

Extant research has proposed that the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style can elucidate individual differences in the preference for modality-specific information. However, no studies have yet ascertained whether this type of information processing evinces structural correlations in the brain. Therefore, the current study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses to investigate individual differences in gray matter volumes based on the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style. For this purpose, ninety healthy young adults were recruited to participate in the study. They were administered the Korean version of the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style questionnaire, and their anatomical brain images were scanned. The VBM results demonstrated that the participants’ verbal scores were positively correlated with regional gray matter volumes (rGMVs) in the right superior temporal sulcus/superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus, and the left inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, the rGMVs in these regions were negatively correlated with the relative spatial preference scores obtained by individual participants. The findings of the investigation provide anatomical evidence that the verbal cognitive style could be decidedly relevant to higher-level language processing, but not to basic language processing.

본 연구는 기본 욕구의 개인차에 따라 메시지에 담긴 행동을 추구하는 데 효과적인 메시지 제공자가 다른지 알아보고자 하였다. Haddock, Maio, Arnold, & Huskinson (2008)에 의하면, 감성 욕구(NFA)가 높은 사람은 정서 기반의 메시지에, 인지 욕구(NFC)가 높은 사람은 인지 기반의 메시지에 더 영향을 받았다. 본 연구는 이러한 기본 욕구의 개인차가 메시지뿐 아니라 메시지 제공자에까지 적용할 수 있으리라 생각했다. 예를 들면, 감성 욕구가 높은 사람은 전문가보다 의미 있는 타인에게 전달받은 메시지를 더 잘 수용할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 VR에서 개인별 건강 조언에 효과적인 메시지 제공자를 파악하고자, 개인의 욕구 (2: NFA, NFC), 메시지 제공자 (3: 전문가, 의미 있는 타인, 타인) 그리고 VR 착용 (2: Text, VR)에 따른 선호도와 일상생활 스트레스 관리에 대한 자기 효능감을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 예상과 달리, 기본 욕구와 메시지 제공자의 특성에 따른 일치 효과는 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나, 감성 욕구가 높은 집단이 VR 건강 조언에 더 적합하다는 경향을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 VR 환경에서 개인의 맞춤형 메시지 제공자를 파악하고자 한 데 있다. 또한, 본 연구는 초기 단계의 연구로 추후 VR 환경의 건강 조언 연구에 기여하리라 예상한다.

This study investigates individual verb differences in Korean learners‟ use of English non-alternating unaccusatives as well as the factors that influence various errors. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of L1 transfer and animacy of subjects on overpassivization errors. Concordance lines from a learner corpus consisting of 6,572 essays written by Korean college-level learners were analyzed to observe the syntactic distribution across ten non-alternating unaccusative verbs. The results revealed that overpassivization errors show disproportionate dispersion across the ten unaccusative verbs, and that Korean L1 influence is not a significant factor while inanimate subjects influence overpassivization. Furthermore, salient error patterns such as transitivization and overgenerated be were identified from the Korean learners‟ use of unaccusative verbs. This study proposes that some unaccusative verbs are more susceptible to overpassivization errors, and that Korean learners of English will benefit from being able to identify the factors contributing to errors for each unaccusative verb.

This paper attempts to bring the rather dated concept of Cultural Capital (CC) from the sociology literature to luxury retailing; it argues that Visual Merchandise Display (VMD) can enhance the consumers’ intentions to purchase luxury brands but this influence is stronger for consumers with higher CC than for those with lower CC. In particular, we develop a psychometric scale to measure CC and empirically and quantitatively investigate in two experiments the impact of VMD on consumer purchase intentions and the moderating role of CC. Walking first into TK Maxx and then into Harvey Nichols, one could assume that brand perceptions are affected not by the merchandise but rather by the store environment and particularly the way in which the products are visually presented to the consumers. In 2013, Karen Miller announced a substantial remodelling of its stores, including a change in their look to communicate ‘affordable luxury’ (Felsted, 2013). Although the luxury marketers seem to understand the importance of the display in influencing consumer perceptions, academics yet admit to knowing very little about the role of visual merchandising and display on the mechanisms of luxury brand consumption (Joy, Wang, Chan, Sherry, & Cui, 2014). Emerging research in the luxury retailing literature focuses on and explores qualitatively the role of ‘museological’ product presentation techniques in building and sustaining a luxury brand image (Dion & Arnould, 2011; Joy et al., 2014). However, till now, it has not considered that people can differ in their ability (i.e., ‘connoisseurship’) to decode and appreciate such display techniques, which often require substantial investment in fixtures, expensive materials, or complicated designs or architecture. This paper argues that the success of many newly introduced marketing communication techniques, including the tendency of contemporary branding to ‘subtly’ communicate the understated cleverness of a brand, can be subject to the consumers’ level of CC. CC refers to human culture and constitutes an individual characteristic that encompasses consumer’s intangible cultural assets and resources, such as knowledge, personality traits, and values, which manifest via consumers’ lifestyle choices and affect the way they think and act (Bourdieu, 1984; Blackwell, Miniard, & Engel, 2001). We argue that in luxury retailing, where ‘brand museums’ (Hollenbeck, 2008), ‘museological’ product presentation techniques or simply ‘museum like displays’ (Joy et al., 2014) and collaboration with contemporary artists and creative directors (Dion and Arnould, 2011) have been pointed out as new formats of in-store communication, CC can play a crucial role in explaining whether and how much consumers’ purchases can be actually affected. The marketing literature, to date, however, misses a contemporary continuous measure to assess consumers’ CC. In their effort to avoid limitations embedded in prior conceptualisations of CC— which mostly concern its supposed static and inherited nature (McQuarrie, Miller, & Phillips, 2013) —, many studies of consumer behaviour tend to assess CC qualitatively and set criteria to dichotomise a sample into two groups who are somewhat arbitrarily classified as people with either high or low CC; or, they only approximate CC by assessing the participants’ knowledge in a specific field of consumption, which is often a crude proxy for CC and pre-supposes the consumers’ interest-involvement in the investigated field of consumption (McQuarrie et al., 2013). For example, the literature on luxury brands tends to replace CC with fashion knowledge (e.g., Berger & Ward, 2010). Nevertheless, the researchers recognise this replacement as a limitation of their studies and a poor operationalisation of the concept of CC (Berger & Ward, 2010). The present research has three objectives. First, rather than dichotomising people into high and low CC groups, it acknowledges CC as a continuous variable and develops a contemporary psychometric scale to measure the extent to which people within the same culture differ in it. Second, it aims to provide a conceptual framework for understanding a set of mechanisms that explain how consumers’ purchase intentions for a luxury brand can be affected by specific VMD cues which are used for displaying it. Last and more importantly, we want to validate the newly introduced scale in a final experiment that tests whether the process whereby VMD indirectly increases the purchase intentions for luxury brands, depends positively on the consumer’s CC. The first study, which incorporates a qualitative inquiry as well as a purification and a validation study and uses multiple samples, succeeds in developing and validating a psychometric CC scale. In the second study, by conducting an experiment, we develop a model which explains how a combination of specific high-image VMD cues that form a museum-like display affects the consumers’ luxury brand purchase intentions by increasing consumers’ perceptions of luxury and by decreasing their perceived personal risk. This study’s model is, then, re-estimated in the final study after introducing into it the measure of CC. In this experiment, the strength of the basic relationships was found to be contingent on CC, suggesting that consumers with higher CC tend to be more strongly influenced by the store environment cues. Although we recognise that for many consumer behaviour studies in the marketing literature, consumers’ knowledge in fashion represents sufficiently well the concept of CC (e.g., Berger & Ward, 2010; McQuarrie et al., 2013; Parmentier, Fischer, & Reuber, 2013), we show that this might not be the case in the context of store atmospherics. In particular, we test the influence of both CC and fashion knowledge by introducing them together into the same model. Interestingly, CC is found to behave differently and to some extent oppositely to fashion knowledge in influencing consumers’ store-induced perceptions and purchase intentions for the luxury brand on display. The identification of specific VMD cues that form what the luxury retailing literature rather vaguely describes as a ‘museological presentation’ and the measurement of their combined effect as a ‘museum-like display’ on the consumer’s perceptions and behavioural intentions can have important implications for both the offline and online retailers. Our findings can also inform the contemporary brand communication methods, such as the brand’s representation in social media (e.g., in pinterest). Moreover, the measurement of consumer’s level of CC can allow brand managers and retailers to identify receptive segments and make more efficient resource commitments to VMD. Investment in VMD elements can then be better matched to the anticipated target market to avoid either over- or under spending on it. Sales forecasts can also become more accurate if CC could be assessed and considered along with the employed in-store and digital product presentation methods.

인간의 수량지각은 선천적인 능력으로 생각되지만 그 민감도에 있어서는 개인차가 존재할 가능성이 크다. 본 연구는 시각작업기억과 시각탐색 효율성 그리고 수량민감도 능력 간의 상관 여부를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 변화 탐지 수행 능력에 기초해 개인의 작업기억 저장용량을 정량화시킨 K-값, 시각탐색 효율성의 지표인 탐색함수의 기울기 그리고 두 점 배열내의 점 개수 간 수량 차이에 대한 민감도를 각각 측정하였다. 이들에 대한 상관 관계 분석 결과 시각작업기억 고용량 개인의 경우 점 배열 간 위치 정보가 보전되었을 때 수량 차이에 상대적으로 저용량 개인에 비해 민감했던 반면, 시각탐색 고효율 개인의 경우 점 배열 간 위치 정보가 보전되지 않았을 때 수 량 차이에 상대적으로 민감했다. 이러한 결과는 작업기억 고용량 개인들의 경우 점배열을 소수의 점 패턴 형태 로 군집화하는 책략을 사용했을 가능성과 함께, 고효율 시각탐색이 가능한 개인들은 배열 내의 개별 점들에 대 해 초점 주의를 상대적으로 신속하게 이용하는 책략을 사용했을 가능성을 시사한다. 종합해 볼 때, 개인들의 수 량 민감도는 개인의 작업기억 용량 및 초점주의 이동의 효율성에 의존할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 TV 드라마 시청에 영향을 미치는 문화적 요인에 대해 탐구한 것으로 한국에서 인기를 끌고 있는 미국 드라마와 기존 한국 드라마의 비교를 중심으로 접근하였다. 연구 표본으로 한국의 대학생들을 이용하였고 세부적인 문화 차원이 대학생들의 TV 드라마 시청 만족도와 드라마에 대한 태도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 본 연구에 사용된 문화적 차원은 전통적으로 많이 사용되는 호프스테드의 권력거리, 개인주의/집단주의, 남성성/여성성, 불확실성 회피, 장기지향성 등의 5가지 차원과 개인들이 지니고 있는 한국적 문화 가치와 미국적 문화가치를 측정하여 이용하였다. 연구결과 불확실성 회피가 드라마 만족도와 드라마 태도에 영향을 미치는 핵심 변인으로 나타났고 문화적인 차원의 영향성은 TV 드라마의 장르에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 발견점은 학자들은 물론 실무자들에게도 TV드라마 편성에 있어 문화적인 요인의 역할에 대한 시사점을 제공해주고 있다.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate individual difference of chewing speed and chews per bolus duing the rumination using twenty three heads of grazing cattle and thirty six heads of barn feeding cattle. Rumination behaviour was measured and recorde