This study aims to examine the public's perception of the appropriateness of metaphorical expressions used by medical professionals in medical discourse. A sample of 142 individuals were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of ten metaphorical expressions used by health-care experts. Additionally, questions were posed about the effects of using metaphors. The ten items showed variability in the degree of appropriateness, with metaphors being considered more appropriate when the target was familiar and the similarity between the source and target domains was high. Positive aspects of metaphor use by medical professionals included aiding in understanding, with respondents perceiving such professionals as kind, considerate of patients, and trustworthy. Negative aspects included difficulties in understanding when the similarity between the metaphorical targets was low, requiring lengthy and complex thought processes, and potential misunderstandings of scientific facts. Approximately 15% of respondents reported their own experiences with metaphorical expressions in medical discourse, noting that these metaphors helped them understand the illness and treatment, and induced positive behavioral changes.

News media discourses almost inevitably reflect their social and national context. A useful text case of this may be demonstrated with a critical analysis of the discursive patterns of metaphors in accounts of the social phenomenon known as the Arab Spring. In order to analyze those patterns, this paper uses data collected from online articles in the British national daily newspaper, The Guardian and the English version of the Chinese national daily newspaper, The People's Daily. The results demonstrate how the different ideological contexts of the two national newspapers are affirmed and reinforced in the discursive choices of metaphors on the Arab Spring. These results also reveal the newspapers' discursive strategy of positive self and negative other presentation to support their respective national context in the macro structure of political power and ideology.

중국의 제6세대 감독 중에서 왕차오는 노동자와 사회 주변인의 삶을 다루는 것으로 유명하다. 그의 영화에서 이들의 결말은 비극으로 귀결된다. 프랑스의 영화평론계에서는 그의 세 편의 영화, <안양의 고아>, <낮과 밤>, <럭셔리 카>를 ‘비극 삼부곡’이라 칭한다. 이는 영화에서 나타나는 비극적인 요소뿐만 아니라 인물이나 내용, 주제에서 뚜렷한 유사성과 연속성을 가지고 있다는 전제에서 명명된 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 그렇지만 이 글은 단순하게 영화에 서 나타나는 주인공 혹은 주인공과 관련 있는 인물의 비극적인 삶이나 죽음을 재차 ‘비극적’ 이라고 언급하기 위한 것은 아니다. 오히려 그의 영화는 비록 비극적인 내용을 다루고 있지 만 희망을 염원한다는 것을 밝혀내기 위한 목적이라고 볼 수 있다. 본고에서는 ‘비극 삼부곡’ 에서 나타나는 서사적 은유를 분석하고자 한다. ‘갓난아기’와 ‘강’, ‘江城’ 등의 은유적 장치 분석을 통하여 왕차오 영화에서 나타나는 주제와 특징, 즉 생존과 가족, 윤리와 속죄, 욕망과 귀향 등의 서사를 파악하고자 한다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 그가 세상을 바라보는 시선을 파악할 수 있으리라 판단된다. 종극적으로는 현대 중국에 대한 왕차오 감독의 온기어린 시선을 마주하게 될 것이다.

The aim of this paper is to give insights on the role and persuasive power of metaphor in political communication. The current paper imbibes the study of conceptual metaphors in two different forms which are the lifeline of politics, that is: election campaigns and projection of Prime Minister and the nation to a global audience. For analysing the role of metaphor, while addressing an international audience, we have picked up some famous speeches of Indian PM Modi which he pitched at several national and international forums immediately after being elected as Prime Minister. For studying election campaign communication we have examined the text of newspaper articles and the trending social media updates. We have analyzed the text using Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Some famous conceptual metaphors are analysed, such as war, nature, nation as person/body/family and the world as a community. In a valuation of public speeches, we found that speech which addressed general public has double the metaphors than those addressing limited audiences. Metaphors allow the worldwide public to grasp the meanings of political events and feel a part of the performance. They are also effective because of their ability to resonate with latent symbolic representations residing at the unconscious level.

Two experimental studies examine the effect of morality metaphors in advertising on consumer indulgence. The results of Experiment 1 provide evidence to suggest that consumer rebelliousness mediates the effect of morality metaphors on indulgent consumption, with Experiment 2 providing further evidence of the rebelliousness process underlying the immorality-indulgence effect.

아일랜드의 모더니스트 시인 W.B. 예이츠와 트리니다드 출신의 영국흑인 시인 안소니 조세프와의 비교는 예외적일 수 있다. 예이츠는 핵심적 하이 모더니스 트 시인들 중 하나이며, 조세프는 당대 “영국 흑인” 문학의 아방가르드적 변두리의 혼합장르 작가로 인식되고 있다. 그러나, 이 두 사람은, 특정 기법의 사용, 주제, 신화와 과학적 은유와 결부된 목표 등을 비교하면, 의외의 공통점이 나타난다. 이런 공통 점은 모더니스트와 포스트모더니스트의 서정시의 가능성을 확장시켜 전통적 장르의 구분을 뛰어넘게 한다.

이 논문은 『비전』이 창조과정에 대해서 드러내는 것이 무엇인지 찾기 위해서 『비전』의 신비주의적 요소들 초월하려고 한다. 『비전』은 예이츠의 신비주의에 대한 관심과 인간의식의 가장자리 넘어 존재하는 것에 대한 세속적 설명(이를테면, 프로이드의 무의식) 사이에 끼인, 중요한 시기에 나타난다. 예이츠의 "안내자"가 말하는, "시를 위한 메타포"를 제공하는 것 이상으로 『비전』은 시적 영감이 생성하는 과정에 대한 통찰을 보여준다.

Yeats and Murakami are writers who believe in spirits. They both treat them as if they are real. Yeats's Purgotory is a story of Father and Son, Father killing his own son to disrupt the cycle of Life that is tainted, whereas Kafka on the Shore is a story of Mother and Son, Mother causing all the tragedies in Kafka's father, sister, and himself. Kafka's mother is a person of Memory that stays constant, which is the origin of all the tragedies, and refuses to flow with time; and Son intervenes in her Fate, changing her and himself. The leitmotif of the novel is the Oedipus complex. In the meantime, Purgatory is a practice of Yeats's religious system of Life and humanity. In the play, the two kinds of people are illustrated by Father and Son; Father can see the invisible, ghosts, but Son cannot. The play is based on the conception of souls being born again and again in endless cycles. To disrupt it Father kills his own Son, as he had killed his own Father. It is beyond the moral of the world, killing his own son, following his own belief. Both works could be read as a metaphor of life. One relies on psychology, and the other relies on mythology. Murakami may have read Yeats, and Yeats might be interested in Murakami if he lived and read him. Murakami is in a position to deal with this kind of subtle subject in a subtle way, because he is a writer of the East well versed in the West. In the same way, Yeats was in a unique position, who was familiar with things eastern. Hence, their works manifest strong inclinations toward mysterious milieu, most prominently what is supernatural.

The purpose of this paper is to explore Türker (2013) in depth and analyze its significance and problems, in addition to briefly suggesting alternatives. Türker(2013) is meaningful for the following reasons: First, it is one of the few overseas studies dealing with Korean emotions. Second, it demonstrates that Korean emotion metaphors support the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to a substantial extent. Third, it presents the frequency and productivity of Korean emotion metaphors based on the corpus and shows their correlation. Crucial problems with Türker (2013), however, include the following: (ⅰ) the method of selection of emotion words for the corpus analysis; (ⅱ) the selection and erroneous analysis of example sentences; (ⅲ) errors in the setting and categorizing of source domains. Consequently, given errors relating to Korean emotional metaphors in overseas journals, this paper which examines Türker (2013) in depth can offer the beginnings to prevent such errors in data and analysis from being further cited without verification of appropriacy.