이 연구는 복분자에서 분리된 Lactobacillus plantarum stain (GBL16 및 17)을 포함한 probiotic에 대해 수행되었으며, 장내 미생물 변화를 확인하였다. Balb/c 마우스모델에서 GBL 16, 17을 포함한 시제품인 PMC와 시판중인 유산균 과자 BFY를 8주간 경구 투여 하였다. PMC의 투여는 장내 미생물총의 균형을 향상시키고, 장내개선에 긍정적인 영향을 보였다. 맹장을 이용한 NGS 분석을 통해 확인한 결과, 스트레스 후 증가하는 양상을 보이는 균인 Lachnospiraceae균이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Alistipes균의 증가는 염증성 장 질환에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되나, 추후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Recent focus on wastewater treatment includes energy-saving and renewable energy generation for energy-independence of water infrastructures. Aeration and pumping in biological wastewater removal processes account for nearly 30-60% of the total electricity cost in real wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the performance and microbial characteristics were investigated in sequencing batch reactor under typical oxygen and oxygen limited condition. Under typical DO (7.55±0.99 mg/L) and low DO (0.23±0.08 mg/L) conditions, COD removal was stable over 91 % during SBR operation. Ammonia removal efficiency was reduced from 95.6 % to 89.2 % when DO concentration was dropped sharply. Phosphorus removal efficiency also reached 77% at oxygen-limited condition. The results indicated that removal efficiency both ammonia and phosphorus was influenced by DO condition. Microbial analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at phylum level was dominant in typical DO and low DO conditions and DO concentration did not much affect phylum distribution. Population decrease of genera of nitrifying bacteria(Dokdonella) and Dechloromonas spp. affect removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus at low DO condition.

본 연구에서는 황차를 모차로 증식 가능한 미생물(Eurotium cristatum)을 이용하여 발효시킨 발효차 (금화차)의 개발 가능성을 모색하고 품질특성을 분석하였다. 발효조건에 따른 금화차의 산도는 금화균 무첨가로 제조한 대조구는 1.89%, 금화균을 첨가하여 배양하지 않고 제조한 구는 1.85%, 금화균을 첨 가하여 2일간 배양한 시험구는 1.85%를 나타냈으며 5일간 배양한 시험구는 1.64%, 7일 이상 충분히 배 양한 시험구는 1.06%를 나타내어 금화균의 증식에 따라 산도는 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 금화차의 색도는 금화균을 첨가하여 발효를 진행 할수록 L(명도) 값이 낮아지고 a(적색) 값과 b(황색) 값은 높았 으며 실제로 우려낸 차의 색상도 어두워지는 경향을 나타냈다. 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 발효가 진행 될수록 감소하여 금화균에 의해 발효된 발효차는 대조구인 황차의 50% 이하였다. 유리아미노산 중에서 Theanine의 함량이 가장 높았고 그 다음은 Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid와 Arginine 등이 검출되었 다. 또한 발효조건에 따른 금화차 발효 중 카테킨, 카페인 및 테아플라빈 함량을 측정한 결과 발효가 종료된 금화차의 EGC의 함량이 215ppm으로 낮았고, 반면에 EC의 함량은 상대적으로 높았다. EGCG 함량은 금화균의 발효가 충분히 이루어진 실험구가 99ppm으로 가장 낮았고 다른 시험구는 300ppm 정 도로 측정되어 EGC와 마찬가지로 나머지 구들과 큰 차이를 보였다. 카페인 함량은 모든 구가 1,200 ppm으로 미생물 발효과정에 따른 차이가 관찰되지 않았고 테아플라빈 함량은 금화균 발효 후에는 약 400ppm으로 발효전보다 약 300ppm 낮았다.

국내 김치 산업체의 김치위생상태 현황을 조사하기 위하여 반찬가게김치, 중소기업김치, 대기업김치를 에서 10일간 발효하면서 발효시간에 김치의 일반특성 및 미생물 균총 변화를 조사하였다. 3종류 시판김치의 구입당일 pH는 평균 5.8에서 발효 10일에는 pH 4.1 부근으로 감소하였으나, 대기업김치가 다른 시판김치에 비해 발효초기 급격한 pH 감소를 나타내었다. 시판김치의 구입당일 산도는 대기업김치가 다른 두 종류의 시판김치보다 낮았으나, 발효 10

This study was carried out in order to observe how the bay sediment would be changed with microbial treatments and a chemical oxidant like CaO2. The sediment during the treatments was analyzed in terms of pH, ORP, volatile organics content, COD, AVS, T-N, and T-P. With CaO2 treatment, pH was kept over 9.66 and ORP ranged from +4.70～+46.0, which meant an aerobic state meanwhile with the microbial treatment those were worse. In addition the chemical treatment showed better environmental index values than the microbial one: volatile organics content and COD values in the former were 12.9% and 37.9% while those in the latter were 4.5% and 18.7%, respectively. AVS and T-P were 71.1% and 100% versus 56.5% and 85.8%, respectively. However, the microbial treatment was better for T-N(66% higher). On the other hand, both treatment at a time enhanced all the environmental indices but COD meantime pH and ORP values were lower than with the chemical treatment only. Thus additional input of an oxygen generator like CaO2 could improve the environmental state of a bay sediment where the biological treatment is going on.

To understand the initial changes in the microbial activities of wetland soil after construction, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and denitrification potential (DNP) of soil from 1 natural wetland and 2 newly constructed wetlands were monitored. Soil samples were collected from the Daepyung marsh as a natural wetland, a treatment wetland in the West Nakdong River, and an experimental wetland in the Pukyong National University, Busan. The results showed that the DHA of the natural wetland soil was 6.1 times higher than that of the experimental wetland and similar to that of the treatment wetland 6 months after wetland construction (fall). Few differences were observed in the DNP between the soil samples from the natural wetland and 2 constructed wetlands four months after wetland construction (summer). However, 6 months after the construction (fall), the DNP of the soil samples from the natural wetland was 12.9 times and 1.8 times higher than that of the experimental wetland and the treatment wetland, respectively. These results suggested that the presence of organic matter as a carbon source in the wetland soil affects the DHA of wetland soil. Seasonal variation of wetland environment, acclimation time under anaerobic or anoxic wetland conditions, and the presence of carbon source also affect the DNP of the wetland soil. The results imply that the newly constructed wetland requires some period of time for having the better contaminant removal performance through biogeochemical processes. Therefore, those microbial activities and related indicators could be considered for wetland management such as operation and performance monitoring of wetlands.

Soil samples were collected from new-developed wetland soil ecosystem of Tamarix chinesis plantation in Chinese Yellow River Delta in different months of 2003. Soil characteristics, temporal change and spatial distribution of microbial community composition and their relationship with nitrogen turnover and circling were investigated in order to analyze and characterize the role of microbial diversity and functioning in the specific soil ecosystem. The result showed that the total population of microbial community in the studied soil was considerably low, compared with common natural ecosystem. The amount of microorganism followed as the order: bacteria> actinomycetes>fungi. Amount of actinomycetes were higher by far than that of fungi. Microbial population remarkably varied in different months. Microbial population of three species in top horizon was corrected to that in deep horizon. Obvious rhizosphere effect was observed and microbial population was significantly higher in rhizosphere than other soils due to vegetation growth, root exudation, and cumulative dead fine roots. Our results demonstrate that microbial diversity is low, while is dominated by specific community in the wetland ecosystem of Tamarix chinesi.