In this study, the characteristics of wind pressure distribution on circular retractable dome roofs with a low rise-to-span ratio were analyzed under various approaching flow conditions by obtaining and analyzing wind pressures under three different turbulent boundary layers. Compared to the results of previous studies with a rise-to-span ratio of 0.1, it was confirmed that a lower rise-to-span ratio increases the reattachment length of the separated approaching flow, thereby increasing the influence of negative pressure. Additionally, it was found that wind pressures varied significantly according to the characteristics of the turbulence intensity. Based on these experimental results, a model for peak net pressure coefficients for cladding design was proposed, considering variations in turbulence intensity and height.

국내에서는 ‘태양광 발전 사업‘을 지원하여 태양광 발전소를 늘려나가고 있다. 태양광 발전기는 옥외에 있어 바람에 직접적 으로 노출되어있기 때문에 태풍과 같은 강풍에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 최근 태풍의 강도와 빈도가 증가하면서 이에 따른 피해가 증가하 고 있다. 태양광 발전기는 유지 관리 및 보수 작업의 용이성 때문에 동서방향으로 배치한 태양광 어레이들 좌우 사이에 이격거리를 두 고 설치된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동서방향 이격거리를 변수로 특정하여 태양광 어레이에 작용하는 풍압분포와 피크순압력계수를 산출하였다. 이를 위해 이격거리를 0.3m, 0.5m, 1.0m로 선정하여 풍압실험을 진행하였다. 모든 변수에서 어레이의 양측 상부 모서리에 서는 상방향, 하부 모서리에서는 하방향의 피크순압력계수가 지배적이었다. 어레이 내단부에서는 상방향과 하방향의 피크순압력계수 가 이격거리 0.3m일 때 가장 크게 나왔으나, 외단부보다 전체적으로는 값이 작았다. 어레이 좌우 이격거리에 대한 내단부에서의 수속 효과보다 외단부에서 생긴 와로 인한 피크순압력계수가 크게 나타났기 때문에 외단부에 대한 안전성을 더 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

This study investigates the wind pressure characteristics of elliptical plan retractable dome roof. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on spherical dome roofs with varying wall height-span ratios (0.1~0.5) and opening ratios (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%), similar to previous studies of cirular dome roofs. In previous study, wind pressure coefficients for open dome roofs have been proposed since there are no wind load criteria for open roofs. However, in the case of Eeliptical plan retractable dome roof, the wind pressure coefficient may be largely different due to the presence of the longitudinal direction and transverse direction. The analysis results leads to the exceeding of maximum and minimum wind pressure coefficients KBC2016 code.

Unlike other types of outdoor advertisements, rooftop signboards are installed on the roofs of buildings, rather than on their outer walls. This means that the area of a rooftop signboard is commonly larger than that of a general outdoor signboard. Moreover, as such signboards are greatly influenced by the wind, they can suffer a lot of damage from typhoons and strong winds every year. However, there is no wind load specification for rooftop signboards. In this study, wind pressure experiments were conducted to investigate the peak wind pressure on each side of rooftop signboards installed on the roofs of 5–15 story buildings in a city center. The minimum peak wind pressure coefficient was –3.0 at the bottom edges of the front and back of the rooftop signboards and –2.0 along the entire length of the sides . As the height of the rooftop signboard increased with the increasing height of the buildings, the peak value was found to be larger than the absolute peak value for the minimum peak wind pressure coefficient. The maximum and minimum peak wind pressure distributions of the rooftop outdoor signboards were influenced by the position of the signboard and the wind angle.

Various pilotis are installed in the lower part of high rise buildings. Strong winds can generate sudden airflow around the pilotis, which can cause unexpected internal airflow changes and may cause damage to the exterior of the piloti ceiling. The present study investigates the characteristics of peak wind pressure coefficient for the design of piloti ceiling exteriors by conducting wind pressure tests on high rise buildings equipped with penetration-type and end-type pilotis in urban and suburban areas. The minimum peak wind pressure coefficient for penetration-type piloti ceilings ranges from –2.0 to -3.3. Minimum peak wind pressure coefficient in urban areas was 30% larger than in suburban areas. In end-type piloti ceilings, maximum peak wind-pressure coefficient ranges from 0.5 to 1.9, and minimum peak wind-pressure coefficient ranges from – 1.3 to -3.6. With changes in building height, peak wind pressure coefficient decreases as the aspect ratio increases. Peak wind-pressure coefficient increases with taller pilotis. On the other hand, when piloti height decreases, the absolute value of the minimum peak wind pressure coefficient increases.

Background:Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely on their upper limbs for body-lifting activity (BLA). While studies have examined the electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the shoulder joints during BLA, no studies have considered foot position during BLA.Objects:This study compared the effects of different foot positions during BLA on the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion in individuals with SCI.Methods:The study enrolled 13 mens with motor-complete paraplegic SCI, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) A or B. All subjects performed BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest and on the floor independently. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii. The peak plantar pressure was measured using pedar-X and the knee flexion angle with Image J. Borg’s rating perceived exertion scale was used to measure the physical activity intensity level. The paired t-test was used to compare the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion between the two feet positions during BLA.Results:The activity of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii and rating perceived exertion decreased significantly and the peak plantar pressure and knee flexion angle increased significantly when performing BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest compared with on the floor (p<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that individuals with SCI may perform BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest for weight-relief lifting to decrease the shoulder muscle activities and the rating perceived exertion and to increase the peak plantar pressure and the knee flexion angle.

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effects of low-dye taping on peak plantar pressure following treadmill walking exercise, 2) to determine whether the biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in peak plantar pressure was still maintained following removal of the tape during treadmill walking, and 3) to determine the trend towards a medial-to-lateral shift in peak plantar pressure in the midfoot region before and after application of low-dye taping. Twenty subjects with flexible flatfoot were recruited using a navicular drop test. The peak plantar pressure data were recorded during five treadmill walking sessions: (1) un-taped, (2) baseline-taped, (3) after a 10-minute treadmill walking exercise, (4) after a 20-minute treadmill walking exercise, and (5) after removal of the taping. The foot was divided into six parts during the data analysis. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to investigate peak plantar pressure variations in the six foot parts in the five sessions. This study resulted in significantly increased medial forefoot peak plantar pressure compared to the un-taped condition (p=.017, post 10-minute treadmill walking exercise) and (p=.021, post 20-minute treadmill walking exercise). The peak plantar pressure in the lateral forefoot showed that there was a significant decrease after sessions of baseline-taped (p=.006) and 10-minute of treadmill walking exercise (p=.46) compared to the un-taped condition. The tape removal values were similar to the un-taped values in the five sessions. Thus, the findings of the current study may be helpful when researchers and clinicians estimate single taping effects or consider how frequently taping should be replaced for therapeutic purposes. Further studies are required to investigate the evidence in support of biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in the midfoot region.

본 연구에서는 풍동실험을 통해 인접건축물의 다양한 높이비, 위치와 풍향에 따른 고층건축물에 작용하는 피크풍압계수에 대하여 조사하였다. 그리고 피크풍압계수는 Cook and Mayne의 제안식을 이용하여 산출하였다. 실험결과는 우선적으로, 인접건축물의 유무에 따른 최대 및 최소풍압계수의 분포도를 통해 비교 분석하였다. 풍동실험결과 풍향 135도에서 인접건축물의 높이비가 Hr ≥1.5이고, (Sx, Sy)=(1.5B,0)에 위치할 때, 대상건축물의 정면에 작용하는 최소 풍압계가 단독건축물에 작용하는 최소풍압계수(-3.5)에 비해 전반적으로 크게 나타났으며, 최소풍압계수의 최소값은 정면의 최상부 코너 부근에서 -4.7(Hr=1.5), -5.7(Hr=2.0)으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 CFD 해석 결과의 정당성 입증과 두동 이상으로 이루어진 고층건축물의 초기설계단계에서 상호간섭효과로 인한 외장재용 풍하중을 대략적으로 평가하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

이 연구는 풍동실험을 통하여 건축물의 외장재에 작용하는 풍압을 측정하여 피크팩터와 피크외압계수의 특성을 규명한 것이다. 각각의 풍압공에서 측정된 풍압시계열 데이터로부터 산정된 피크외압계수와 정상확률과정에서 얻은 피크팩터를 이용한 피크외압계수를 비교하였다. 풍동실험은 금오공과대학교 소재 토출식 경계층 풍동에서 실시하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 실험모형은 변장비를 1로 고정시키고 형상비를 2, 4, 6으로 변화시킨 3개의 모형을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다.

국내 전체 시설원예에서 파이프 골조로 시공된 비닐하우스가 99.2%이며 구조적으로 취약한 단동형 유리온실이 대부분이다. 이에 현재 국내에서 사용하고 있는 단동형 연통형 단동형 3개로 구성된 배치형 비닐하우스의 지붕면에 대한 피크외압계수에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 실험결과 단동형이 연동형보다 30%정도 큰 피크외압계수로 분포하고 있었다. 배치형 비닐하우스의 지붕면 피크외압계수도 3개동 모두에서 단동형보다 크게 20-30%정도 크게 분포하고 있었다.

Many factors affect foot and ankle biomechanics during walking, including gait speed and anthropometric characteristics. However, speed has not been taken into account in foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. This study examined the effect of walking speed on foot joint motion and peak plantar pressure during the walking phase. Eighty healthy subjects (40 men, 40 women) were recruited. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion were measured at the first metatarsophalangeal joints during walking phase at three different cadences (80, 100, and 120 step/min) using a three dimensional motion analysis system (CMS70P). At the same time, peak plantar pressure was investigated using pressure distribution platforms (MatScan system) under the hallux heads of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones and heel. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion and excursion at the ankle joint decreased significantly with increasing walking speed. Peak plantar pressure increased significantly under the heads of the first of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones, and heel with increasing walking speed: three was no change under the hallux. There were no significant changes in maximal dorsiflexion or excursion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The results show that walking speed should be considered when comparing gait parameters. The results also suggest that slow walking speeds may decrease forefoot peak plantar pressure in patients with peripheral neuropathy who have a high risk of skin breakdown under the forefoot.