The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), and betaine (BT) supplementations on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, liver visual characteristics, antioxidant status, immune response, and stress indicator in laying hens raised under heat stress conditions. A total of 280 47-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design. Each replicate had 10 birds per cage. The basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the requirement estimates for Hy-Line Brown laying hens. Three additional diets were prepared by adding 250 mg/kg VC, 250 mg/kg VE, or 3,000 mg/kg BT to the basal diet. The experimental diets and water were provided to hens on an ad libitum basis for 8 wk. Average daily room temperature and relative humidity were 30.7±1.41℃ and 72.5±11.61%, respectively. Results indicated that hens fed diets containing 250 mg/kg VE had a less (p<0.05) egg production rate than other dietary treatments. For egg quality, hens fed diets containing 3,000 mg/kg BT had a less (p<0.05) eggshell thickness than those fed the diets containing 250 mg/kg VC or 250 mg/kg VE. For antioxidant status, there was a tendency (p=0.09) for the least malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver for BT treatment. A tendency (p=0.05) was observed for less blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in BT treatment as compared to other treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg VC, 250 mg/kg VE, and 3,000 mg/kg BT has no beneficial effects on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, liver visual characteristics, and immune responses of laying hens raised under the current heat stress conditions. However, dietary supplementation of 3,000 mg/kg BT alleviates antioxidant status and stress response of laying hens exposed to heat stress.

급격한 산업화와 도시화로 인해 해양 오염이 심각해지고 있으며, 이러한 해양 오염을 실효적으로 관리하기 위해 수질평가 지수(Water Quality Index, WQI)를 마련하여 활용하고 있다. 하지만 수질평가지수는 다소 복잡한 계산과정으로 인한 정보의 손실, 기준값 변동, 실무자의 계산오류, 통계적 오류 등의 불확실성(uncertainty)을 내포하고 있다. 이에 따라 국내ㆍ외에서 인공지능 기법을 활용하여 수질평가지수를 예측하기 위한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양환경측정망 자료(2000 ~ 2020년)를 활용하여 우리나 라 전 해역 즉, 5개의 생태구에 대한 WQI를 추정할 수 있는 가장 적합한 인공지능기법을 도출하기 위해 총 6가지의 기법(RF, XGBoost, KNN, Ext, SVM, LR)을 실험하였다. 그 결과, Random Forest 기법이 다른 기법에 비해 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. Random Forest 기법의 WQI 점수 예측값과 실제값의 잔차 분석 결과, 모든 생태구에서 시간적 및 공간적 예측 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 Random Forest 기법은 높은 정확도를 바탕으로 우리나라 전해역에 대한 WQI를 예측 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Process Capability (Cpk) is a representative measure of how well the producer manages dispersion and bias for the specifications needed by the consumer. This is expressed as a ratio of 6 times the natural tolerance to the specification. As the producer manages the dispersion small, the capacity index becomes higher. And it is classified into 5 grades according to the degree of management. It is a measure of the quality of processes used in most industrial fields. However, Cpk is calculated by only reflecting the mean and dispersion of the process, there is a disadvantage that it can not give information about the economic loss caused by the inconsistency of the process with the target value. Overcoming these drawbacks, process capability indexes reflecting various types of loss functions such as Cpm, C┼pm and Cpl have been developed. However, all of these previous studies have applied the limit to the consumer specification, which is based on the traditional and passive quality perception that the quality characteristic should exist within the limits of the consumer specification. In this study, we will develop ‘Customer Satisfaction Quality Indicator (CSQI)’ which is a quantitative indicator that can be fully evaluated when the manufacturer’s specification limit, which is an aggressive quality strategy, is applied. This is expected to be useful decision information for both producers and consumers.

본 연구에서는 금강수계에 속하는 하천 중 가장 큰 하천인 논산천을 대상으로 해당 수계 수질의 이화학적 자료에 담수어류를 지표로 제시하여 2009년도 논산천의 수질현황과 수생태계 건강성을 조사·분석하였다. 논산천은 금강과 합류되는 지점 부근에 도시화가 집중되어 있고, 전 지역에 걸쳐 축산농가가 산재되어 있으며, 소하천을 따라 농경지가 분포되어 있는 등, 수질악화 및 생태계 건강성이 우려되나, 아직까지 정확한 실태 파악되지 않고있다. 논산천은 전반적으로 이화학적 수질이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 금강 본류와 합류되기 전 부근에 수문이 설치되어 있어, 이 일대의 지점에서는 도시화가 덜 된 지점들에 비해 TP, PO₄-P, Chl-a 등의 수치가 더욱 증가한다. 어류 상에서 민감종은 전체 채집된 어류 개체수에 비해 3.7%에 그치며, 내성종은 54.7%에 이르고, 외래종(떡붕어, 배스)은 1.4%의 출현을 보였다. 생태건강도지수(IBI) 결과는 40점 만점 중 18점으로 ‘보통상태’라는 결과가 도출되었다. 4대강 중 금강의 수질개선을 위해 지속적인 관리와 모니터링이 필요한 실정이다.

Time-temperature indicators or integrators (TTIs) indicate food quality changes based on time-temperature history. Whilst many types of TTIs have been developed and commercialized, educated consumers often refuse to purchase food products with attached TTI labels showing even a slight color change. In this study, a novel on-off diffusion-based TTI coupled with polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites has been proposed. The prototype TTI tag has a multilayer structure comprised of a self-adhesive base layer, a middle microporous sheet, and an upper opaque white layer coupled with a square reservoir of Tween 20 attached to an activation stripe. At the end of the diffusion path, polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites were injected into a loading site as a fine blue stripe. After activation, Tween 20 diffused and reached the loading site, where it rapidly changed from blue-to-red via solvatochromism. This alternative and innovative TTI continuously showed a blue color until reaching the end point, at which stage a red color rapidly appeared, indicating product rejection. Thus, this novel TTI it is of great benefit to the brand owner. The developed prototype was characterized and evaluated for its ability to monitor microbial quality based on published, isothermal, microbial growth data of modified-atmosphere packaged minced beef, Mediterranean fish, and ground pork. The diffusion of Tween 20 in the TTI system was measured under various isothermal conditions and a kinetic model, based on the association between diffusion and time-temperature, was investigated. The Gaussian-estimated activation energy value was 51.082kJ mol-1. Tween 20 diffusion of 6.10, 5.15 and 6.15mm along the TTI systems were considered to be end points and the 95% confidence interval between the times taken for TTI to display OFF and for the foods to reach their deterioration thresholds were 23.30-23.70, 23.00-23.50 and 23.44-24.05h for total aerobic bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Pseudomonas spp. respectively. The TTI performance test for reproducibility and accuracy revealed a normal frequency distribution with 35004.90, 1200.254.82 and 549.811.09min at 0, 11 and 25C, respectively in accordance with the investigation of diffusion in the TTI.

Much attention has recently been given to quantify the environmental and social importance on agricultural water quality impacts by agricultural activities. The demands for relevant data collection and range expansion of environmental indexing has been also higher than ever. Therefore, this study organized past and current research on agricultural water quality standards by OECD and Korea to evaluate agricultural activities and their impacts on agri-environmental policy development. The agricultural water quality standard set by OECD shows different opinions countries by counties, so the status indicator has been chosen and implemented instead. Nitrate (NO3 -) status indicator of groundwater in 2013 was significantly improved compared with the one in 2007. In addition, the quality status of surface water and groundwater were improved. It is necessary to set up a cooperative system between policy division and research institute to organizationally take action to worldwide trend on agricultural water quality indexing.

Members of the non-biting midge family Chironomidae are the most widespread and abundant group of aquatic insects in fresh waters. Although the composition of chironomid communities is considered to be a potential biotic index for water quality assessment, it has not been used easily because of the difficulties with species level identification for larvae. This study was to analyse the molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) in chironomid communities to appropriately apply a species level identification. A total of 41 chironomid larvae collected from 7 sampling sites in the Han river system according to water quality were used for analyses. Partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes were sequenced and analyzed. As a result, 35 different haplotypes (MOTU01-13) were obtained from the 673bp COI sequences. Average genetic distance was 0.0041 (range 0.000 to 0.013) within the MOTU and was 0.1703 (range 0.1181 to 0.2456) between the MOTUs. Nine MOTUs were found at the stream sites represented water quality A, 2 MOTUs at water quality C, and 1 MOTU at water quality D.

This paper proposes the Data Architecture implementation process and the suggestions for automation which will enable the analyzing and measuring of the data structure as well. We verified the standardization of data that proposes a baseline for minimum quality, communications with stakeholder within an information system, minimization of application changes, and the effect of data values on quality improvement. The baseline is tested through the measurement and assessment of the quality indicator of a data structure as well as a quality control process deduced during the implementation.

본 연구는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 머스크멜론의 유통 중 신선도를 판정하기 위하여 적정 품질지표를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 수확 직후 0, 10, 20 및 에서 저장하면서 중량감모율, 경도, 당도, 색도, 호흡속도 및 관능특성 변화를 조사한 후 각 품질특성과 관능적 기호도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 저장온도에 따른 중량감모율과 기호도와의 상관관계는 모든 온도 조건에서 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내었다(p에서 각각 R=0.74, R=0.78, R=0.88

총각김치의 신선도표시계 개발을 위하여 총각김치를 제조한 후 에서 저장하면서 총각김치의 발효 중 pH, 총산도, 총균수, 젖산균수, 환원당 측정 및 관능평가를 수행하였다. 모든 저장 온도에서 pH는 약간 증가하다가 발효가 진행됨에 따라 까지 낮아졌고 저장 온도가 높을수록 감소속도가 빨랐다. 총산도는 에서 1일, 에서 5일, 에서 7일 이후 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 총균수와 젖산균수는 저장 온도 에서 4일, 에서 10일, 에서 30일