2016년 경주지진(규모 5.8) 및 2017년 포항지진(규모 5.4)은 1978년 대한민국 지진 관측 이래 국내 에서 발생한 지진 중 가장 큰 피해가 발생한 지진으로 기록되었다. 지진의 피해사례는 다양한 분야에 서 발생되었으며, 그중 교량 구조물에도 부분적인 피해가 다수 발생하였다. 국내에서는 교량구조물에 대한 내진보강 사업을 지속적으로 진행하고 있으며, 내진 보강의 공법 중 면진받침을 적용하여 구조물 의 내진성능을 확보하는 사례는 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 펜들럼 교량받침은 중간판의 기 하학적인 곡률과 고강도 마찰재를 이용하여 감쇠 기능뿐 아니라 복원 기능을 구비하고 있는 면진받침 으로써 제품 크기가 작아 시공성, 경제성이 우수하여 국내에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 대표적인 면 진장치이다. 펜들럼 받침의 경우 지진력 감쇠 및 회전, 이동량 수용을 위하여 2면의 곡면 구조로 진자 운동을 하므로 수평 변위 발생 시 필수적으로 수직 단차가 발생하는 구조이다. 또한 면압에 따라 마찰 계수가 달라지는 마찰재의 특성을 고려한 특성치 산출이 필요한 제품이다. 이 연구에서는 펜들럼 받침 의 다양한 면압에 따른 동적 시험을 실시하여 실제 거동과 일치하는 설계 특성치 산출법을 정립하였 다. 또한 펜들럼 면진받침의 진자 운동을 반영한 모양의 가이드와 프리세팅 전, 후에도 받침 상판의 수평을 유지할 수 있는 장치를 실물 크기로 제작하여 공인기관에 의뢰하여 프리세팅 시험 및 완제품 성능 시험을 실시하여 그 성능을 검증하였다. 성능 시험 결과 곡률에 따른 프리세팅이 가능함을 확인 하였다. 또한, 곡률형 프리세팅을 적용한 펜들럼 면진받침이 구조적으로 안전함을 확인하였다.

Spatial structure does not have columns and walls installed inside, so they have a large space. There are upper structure and substructure supporting them. The response of seismic loads to the upper structure may be increased or decreased due to the effects of the substructure. Therefore, in this study, the seismic response of the upper structure and the floor response spectrum of the substructure were compared and analyzed according to the height of the substructure in the spatial structure where the LRB was installed. As a result, the possibility of amplification of response was confirmed as seismic waves passed though the substructure, which is likely to increase the response of the upper structures.

In this study, the seismic response is investigated by using a relatively low-rise building under torsion-prone conditions and three seismic loads with change of the location of the seismic isolation system. LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) was used for the seismic isolator applied to the analytical model. Fixed model without seismic isolation system was set as a basic model and LB models using seismic isolation system were compared. The maximum story drift ratio and the maximum torsional angle were evaluated by using the position of the seismic layer as a variable. It was confirmed that the isolation device is effective for torsional control of planar irregular structures. Also, it was shown that the applicability of the midstory seismic isolation system. Numerical analyses results presented that an isolator installed in the lower layer provided good control performance for the maximum story drift ratio and the maximum torsional angle simultaneously.

The objective of this study is to investigate the earthquake response for the design of 100m spanned single-layer lattice dome. The plastic hinge analysis and eigenvalue buckling analysis are performed to estimate the ultimate load of single-layered lattice domes under vertical loads. In order to ensure the stability of lattice domes, it is investigated for the plastic hinge progressive status by the pushover increment analysis considering the elasto-plastic connection. One of the most effective methods to reduce the earthquake response of large span domes is to install the LRB isolation system of a dome. The authors discuss the reducing effect for the earthquake dynamic response of 100m spanned single-layered lattice domes. The LRB seismic isolation system can greatly reduce the dynamic response of lattice domes for the horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motion.

Seismic isolation systems have typically been used in the form of base seams in mid-rise and low-rise buildings. In the case of high-rise buildings, it is difficult to apply the base isolation. In this study, the seismic response was analyzed by changing the installation position of the seismic isolation device in 3D high - rise model. To do this, we used 30-story and 40-story 3D buildings as example structures. Historic earthquakes such as Mexico (1985), Northridge (1994) and Rome Frieta (1989) were applied as earthquake loads. The installation position of the isolation device was changed from floor to floor to floor. The maximum deformation of the seismic isolation system was analyzed and the maximum interlaminar strain and maximum absolute acceleration were analyzed by comparing the LB model with seismic isolation device and the Fixed model, which is the base model without seismic isolation device. If an isolation device is installed on the lower layer, it is most effective in response reduction, but since the structure may become unstable, it is effective to apply it to an effective high-level part. Therefore, engineers must consider both structural efficiency and safety when designing a mid-level isolation system for high-rise buildings.

The objective of this study is to investigate the response reducing effect of a seismic isolation system installed between 300m dome and supports under both horizontal and vertical seismic ground motion. The time history analysis is performed to investigate the dynamic behavior of single layer lattice domes with and without a lead rubber bearing seismic isolation system. In order to ensure the seismic performance of lattice domes against strong earthquakes, it is important to investigate the mechanical characteristics of dynamic response. Horizontal and vertical seismic ground motions cause a large asymmetric vertical response of large span domes. One of the most effective methods to reduce the dynamic response is to install a seismic isolation system for observing seismic ground motion at the base of the dome. This paper discusses the dynamic response characteristics of 300m single layer lattice domes supported on a lead rubber seismic isolation device under horizontal and vertical seismic ground motions.

As the number of high-rise buildings increases, a mid-story isolation system has been proposed for high-rise buildings. Due to structural problems, an appropriate isolation layer displacement is required for an isolation system. In this study, the mid-story isolation system was designed and the seismic response of the structure was investigated by varying the yield strength and the horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation system. To do this, a model with an isolation layer at the bottom of 15th floor of a 20-story building was used as an example structure. Kobe(1995) and Nihonkai-Chubu(1983) earthquake are used as earthquake excitations. The yield strength and the horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation system were varied to determine the seismic displacement and the story drift ratio of the structure. Based on the analytical results, as the yield strength and horizontal stiffness increase, the displacement of the isolation layer decreases. The story drift ratio decreases and then increases. The displacement of the isolation layer and the story drift ratio are inversely proportional. Increasing the displacement of the isolation layer to reduce the story drift ratio can cause the structure to become unstable. Therefore, an engineer should choose the appropriate yield strength and horizontal stiffness in consideration of the safety and efficiency of the structure when a mid-story isolation system for a high-rise building is designed.

Base isolation system is generally used for low-rise buildings. For high-rise buildings subjected to earthquake loads, a mid-story isolation system was proposed and applied to practical engineering. In this study, seismic responses of high-rise buildings considering the installation story of the mid-story isolation system were evaluated. To do this, the 20-story and 30-story building were used as example structures. Historical earthquakes such as Kobe (1995), Northridge (1994) and Loma Prieta (1989) earthquakes were employed applied as earthquake excitations. The installation location of the mid-story isolation system was changed from the bottom of the 1st floor to the bottom of the top floor. The seismic responses of the example building were investigated by changing the location of the isolation layer. Based on the analytical results, when the seismic isolation system is applied, story drift ratio and acceleration response are reduced compared to the case without the isolation system. When the isolation layer is located on the lower part of the building, it is most effective. However, in that case, the possibility that the structure is unstable increases. Therefore, an engineer should consider both structural efficiency and safety when a mid-story isolation system for a high-rise building is designed.

Various seismic isolation methods are being applied to bridges and buildings to improve their seismic performance. Most seismic isolation systems are the structural seismic isolation systems. In this study, the seismic performance of geotechnical seismic isolation system capable of isolating the lower foundation of the bridge structure from ground was evaluated. The geotechnical seismic isolation system was built with teflon, and the model structure was made by adopting the similitude law. The response acceleration for sinusoidal waves of various amplitudes and frequencies and seismic waves were analyzed by performing 1-G shaking table experiments. Fixed foundation, Sliding foundation, and Rocking foundation were evaluated. The results of this study indicated that the Teflon-type seismic foundation isolation system is effective in reducing the acceleration transmitted to the superstructure subject to large input ground motion. Response spectrum of the Rocking and Sliding foundation structures moves to the long period, while that of Fixed foundation moves to short period.

The seismic isolation system reduces the seismic vibration that is transmitted from foundation to upper structure. This seismic isolation system can be classified into base isolation and mid-story isolation by the installation location. In this study, the seismic behavior of dome structure with mid-story isolation is analyzed to verify the effect of seismic isolation. Mid-story isolation is more effective than base isolation to reduce the seismic responses of roof structure. Also, this isolation would be excellent in structural characteristics and construction.

A methodology to evaluate the seismic performance of interface piping systems that cross the isolation interface in the seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) was developed. The developed methodology was applied to the safety-related interface piping system to demonstrate the seismic performance of the target piping system. Not only the seismic performance for the design level earthquakes but also the performance for the beyond design level earthquakes were evaluated. Two artificial seismic ground input motions which were matched to the design response spectra and two historical earthquake ground motions were used for the seismic analysis of piping system. The preliminary performance evaluation results show that the excessive relative displacements can occur in the seismically isolated piping system. If the input ground motion contained relatively high energy in the low frequency region, we could find that the stress response of the piping system exceed the allowable stress level even though the intensity of the input ground motion is equal to the design level earthquake. The structural responses and seismic performances of piping system were varied sensitively with respect to the intensities and frequency contents of input ground motions. Therefore, for the application of isolation system to NPPs and the verification of the safety of piping system, the seismic performance of the piping system subjected to the earthquake at the target NPP site should be evaluated firstly.

본 논문에서는 면진시스템이 원전에 적용될 경우 원전구조물의 생애주기 성능에 미치는 영향을 소개한다. 최근 내진설계와 더불어 강진발생 예상 지역에 적용을 목적으로 개발되는 면진시스템은 구조물을 장주기화하여 응답가속도를 줄이고 상대변위를 늘려줌으로써 구조물의 안전성을 증진시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 구조물의 안전성이 중요시되는 원전구조물에 면진시스템을 적용하기 위한 연구가 국내에서 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 원전구조물의 생애주기 성능분석에 있어서 특징을 분석하고, 면진시스템이 적용될 경우 원전구조물의 생애주기성능에 있어서 미치는 영향을 평가함으로써, 도출된 결과를 면진시스템 적용의 정량적인 타당성 평가에 활용할 수 있다.

본 논문에서는 비선형 지진격리교량의 최적 설계 방법을 제시하였다. 최적설계를 위한 목적함수로는 교각과 지진격리장치의 파괴확률을 고려하였으며, 상충하는 두 목적함수를 동시에 최적화하는 다수의 해를 효율적으로 검색하고자 유전자 알고리즘에 기반한 다목적 최적화기법을 도입하였다. 또한, 최적화 과정에서 요구되는 다수의 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행하지 않고도 교량의 확률적 응답을 효율적으로 예측할 수 있는 추계학적 선형화 방법을 접목하였다. 제시하는 방법의 효율성을 검증하기 위한 수치 예로서 실제 교량인 남한강교를 고려하였고, 제안하는 방법과 기존 비선형 시간이력해석을 이용한 생애주기비용 기반 설계법을 각각 적용하여 내진성능을 비교하였다. 내진성능을 비교한 결과, 제시하는 방법이 기존의 비용에 기반한 최적설계보다 우수한 성능 및 경제성을 보임을 검증하였다. 또한, 다양한 지진하중에 대해서도 제안된 방법이 보다 개선된 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 지진격리장치의 일종인 마찰 단진자 시스템(FPS)의 교량에의 적용에 관한 연구이다. FPS에 의하여 지진 격리된 교량과 지진 격리되지 않은 교량의 지진하중 작용시의 응답을 비교하기 위하여 축소모델 교량을 이용한 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 본 장치를 설치한 경우 지진하중에 대한 지지능력이 향상하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 활동면 곡류반경에 의해 조절이 가능한 F.P.S 베어링의 강성은 입력된 kwlsfur의 강도와는 무관하며, 활동면의 마찰계수에 따라 속도가 변화하여 약진시에는 활동면에서의 속도가 작으므로 강진시와 비교하여 지진하중에 의하여 발생하는 마찰력도 감소하게 되었다. 한편 F.P.S 베어링의 마찰특성은 반복된 실험에서도 변화하지 않았고, 영구변형은 약적으로도 작았을 뿐만 아니라 누적되지도 않았다.

사용후핵연료 저장조는 지진하중에 대하여 운영기간중 자체의 구조적 건전성 및 저장된 사용후핵료의 안전성을 확보할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 LRB 면진장치를 설치한 사용후핵연료 면진저장조의 지진시 거동특성을 파악하기 위하여 서로 다른 특성을 갖는 두종류의 지진에 대하여 지진해석을 하여 그 결과를 비면진 저장조에서의 응답과 비교하였다. 면진장치를 사용함으로써 지진시 상부구조로 전달되는 지진력과 응답을 크게 감소시켜 저장조와 저장된 사용후액연료의 안전성 확보에 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

경주지진 및 포항지진을 통해 우리나라도 지진의 안전지대가 아니라는 인식이 증가하면서 지진피해를 줄일 수 있는 내진 설계에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 내진설계 기술 중 현재까지 가장 효과적인 방법의 하나로 알려져 있는 면진구조에 대하여 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해 중층 RC 건축물에 면진시스템을 적용한 후 경계비선형동적해석을 통해 비면진건축물과 면진건축물의 내진성능효과를 비교 분석하였다.

본 연구에서는 노후화된 공동주택 수직 증축 리모델링 시 면진시스템의 적용성을 검토 및 면진시스템 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 동일한 구조로 수직 증축 시 수직 층수와 면진주기에 따른 최적 면진주기를 산정하였다. 해석결과, 3개층 수직 증축 시에는 면진주기를 비면진 건물 주기의 2배 이상, 2개층 수직 증축 시에는 비면진 건물 주기의 3배 이상을 확보하여야만 충분한 면진효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 1개층 수직 증축 시에는 비면진 건물 주기의 4배 이상을 확보하여야만 면진효과를 나타내었다. 위의 결과를 활용하여 3개층 수직증축 리모델링 대상 공동주택에 면진시스템을 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 최상층 최대응답가속도가 비면진 건물의 최대응답가속도 보다 X방향의 경우에는 약 70%로, Y방향의 경우에는 약 65%의 감소를 나타내었다. 또한, 밑면 전단력의 경우, 비면진 건물과 비교하여 X방향 및 Y방향 모두 약 30% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.