This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and species distribution of ground beetle assemblages in Yeongwol-gun (19 sites) and Donggang river basin area (6 sites). Ground beetles were collected by pitfall traps from 19 study sites from 2013 to 2014. A total of 67 species were identified from 9,710 collected ground beetles. Species richness in mountainous forests of Yeongwol-gun (55.8±1.90) estimated by rarefaction curves was higher than those in Donggang river areas (28.0±0.06). Four dominant species, Synuchus nitidus (3,974 individuals) and Synuchus cycloderus (2,595 individuals), Synuchus sp.1 (830 individuals), and Eucarabus cartereti cartereti (434 individuals) were occupied 80.7% of total, but their relative abundance were different according to geographical locations. Species richness of total carabid beetles was positively related to elevation (linear regression, F1, 23 = 22.41, adj. r2=0.47, P < 0.001) and it showed a U-shaped curve with longitudinal gradient (curvilinear regression, F2, 22 = 10.82, adj. r2=0.50, P < 0.001). And species richness maps that are focused on south-western areas of Gangwon-do including Yeongwol-gun, Jeongseon-gun, and Pyeongchang-gun were generated using ArcGIS 10.1. In species composition, longitude and elevation were best predictors to determine the distribution of carabid beetles by MRT analysis (Error = 0.517, CV Error = 1.04). These results indicated that habitat management regimes for biodiversity conservation should be conducted in considering geography and topography, although further studies are still necessary on the distributional pattern of other insect taxa and the relationship between biodiversity and more environmental variables.

This paper looked into the structure of and changes in the building process of Gijang mountain fortress and its receiving reservoir by analyzing data from an excavation investigation. The structure of the receiving reservoir may be classified into a flat form, stone sheath, floor facility, wall facility, and entry and exit facility. The flat form of the Gijang mountain fortress and receiving reservoir is round. Concerning the sectional form, the wall was obliquely excavated in the trapezoid. As a stone sheath building method, it was built by undertaking a range work of oblong stone materials in a clockwise direction on a stamped soil floor. Then, it was treated with stamping using double layers of gray clay and yellowish brown clay on the floor and the wall. Also, in a space between the stamped layers on the floor, herbal plants and a straw mat were laid for waterproofing as well as to prevent sinking. As an entry and exit facility, two facilities were confirmed symmetrically in the southeast and in the northwest. It is believed that they were built additionally during rebuilding after the initial construction. The building process was revealed to have been carried out in 8 stages. Given the structure and excavated remains, the building period is estimated to be the early to mid 7th century for the initial building, the later 9th to 11th centuries for the primary rebuilding, and the later 16th to early 17th centuries for the secondary rebuilding.

Inhibitor <SUB>K</SUB>B (I<SUB>K</SUB>B)-like gene has been found ill the genome of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which is the obligatory symbiont of an endoparsitoid wasp, C. plutellae. The open reading frame of CpBV-I<SUB>K</SUB>B was 417 bp and encoded 138 amino acids. Four ankyrin repeat domains were found in CpBV-I<SUB>K</SUB>B, which shared high homology with other known polydnavirus I<SUB>K</SUB>Bs. Considering a presumptive cellular I<SUB>K</SUB>B based on Drosophila Cactus, CpBV-I<SUB>K</SUB>B exhibited a truncated structure with deletion of signal-receiving domains, which suggested its irreversible inhibitory role in NF<SUB>K</SUB>B signal transduction pathway of the parasitized host in response to the wasp parasitization. CpBV-I<SUB>K</SUB>B was expressed only in the parasitized diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Its expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR during parasitization period, showing a constitutive expression pattern from the first day of parasitization. An indirect functional analysis of CpBV-I<SUB>K</SUB>B was conducted and suggested a hypothesis of host antivirus inhibition.

현재 국내에는 조적조 건물에 대한 내진규준이 마련되어 있지 않다 반면 최근 들어 한반도에 발생하는 지진의 반도수는 계속증가하고 있어 조적조 건물에 대한 지진하중에 의한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 2층 조적조 건물에 국내에서 발생 가능한 최대지진가속도인 0.12g의 지진하중을 적용한 유한요소해석법에 의한 방법으로 동적해석을 수행한 결과 2층에 비하여 1층에서 불안전한 거동이 발생하였다 특히 개구부 주위 및 테두리 보와 조적벽의 경계부분에서 허용응력을 초과하여 균열이 발생함을 알 수 있었다.

This paper proposes a pattern recognition and classification algorithm based on a circular structure that can reflect the characteristics of the sEMG (surface electromyogram) signal measured in the arm without putting the placement limitation of electrodes. In order to recognize the same pattern at all times despite the electrode locations, the data acquisition of the circular structure is proposed so that all sEMG channels can be connected to one another. For the performance verification of the sEMG pattern recognition and classification using the developed algorithm, several experiments are conducted. First, although there are no differences in the sEMG signals themselves, the similar patterns are much better identified in the case of the circular structure algorithm than that of conventional linear ones. Second, a comparative analysis is shown with the supervised learning schemes such as MLP, CNN, and LSTM. In the results, the classification recognition accuracy of the circular structure is above 98% in all postures. It is much higher than the results obtained when the linear structure is used. The recognition difference between the circular and linear structures was the biggest with about 4% when the MLP network was used.

본 연구의 주목적은 조양하 유역의 유출응집구조와 에너지소비 양상을 멱함수 법칙분포의틀 내에서 해석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 GIS를 기반 으로 대상유역 내 지점별 배수면적과 함께 소류력 및 수류력을 정의하는 지형학적 인자를 추출하고 해당 인자들의 여누가 분포에 대한 도해적 해석과 함께 멱함수 법칙분포의 적합을 수행하였다. 주요한 결과로서 세 가지 지형학적 인자들의 여누가 분포는 세 개의 개별적인 거동특성 구간으로 구분할 수 있었다. 멱함수 법칙분포 확률밀도함수의 매개변수를 최우도법을 이용하여 추정해 본 결과 배수면적과 수류력은 대표적인 규모를 유한 하게 결정할 수 없는 규모 불변성 지형인자이지만 소류력은 유한한 규모를 갖는 규모 종속성 지형학적 인자로 판단할 수 있었다. 또한 소류력의 경우 제한된 범위 내에서만 복잡계 거동을 보여 멱함수 법칙분포를 따르지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 최우도법을 적용하여 추정한 배수면적의 멱함수 법칙분포 지수는 선행연구에 비하여 큰 수치로서 해당 지수의 추정에 사용된 방법론의 차이에 기인하는 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 수류력의 멱함수 법칙분포 지수는 선행연구에 비하여 다소 작은 수치로서 대상유역의 규모에 따른 수로경사의 특성에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다.