Intermedia is a term that refers to the convergence of different media. It has not only enabled the delivery of brand message but also developed interactive communication in a contemporary fashion show context. This study investigates the presentation methods of contemporary fashion shows affected by intermedia. We examined the research and theory related to intermedia and fashion shows by accessing articles since the 2000s concerning 252 shows by 30 designers that tended to demonstrate the use of intermedia. Our analysis highlighted four particular characteristics: “medium scalability” (the unity of art and fashion and the unity of life and fashion); “synesthetic flow” (the audience’s emotional immersion, represented by the actual performance and performances of the models); “participatory accessibility” (performance participation through action and instrumental support); and “immaterial symbolization” (an intuitive symbol that emphasizes both the direct outward appearance and the metaphorical symbolism so that the object is expressed in a figurative sense). From these results, we identified considerable synergy between the characteristics of intermedia and contemporary fashion shows. Therefore, it might be useful to conduct an experimental study on this area of research.

The aim of this paper is to examine relationship characteristics and the relevance there of in the context of the Chanel collection, between the contemporary fashion show viewed from the artistic side and intermedia on interaction. This study analyzed the relationship characteristics between intermedia and fashion shows by focusing on Chanel fashion shows from 2010 S/S to 2016 F/W as actual case. The results are as follow: First, participational accessibility indicates the experience of a designer and audience in active participation changing into passive participation. Second, audience immersion is represented by the perception of being involved by the audience in the place and acting. Third, conceptual symbolism is sending of messages through the designer’s abstract concept manifesting in the specific features of the design. Finally, expandability of media explains trans-boundaries in experimental attempts. It concludes that fashion show is a space where the audience can have visual as well as new knowledge and experience through multi-sensory channels. The Chanel collection which is considered a huge art project at the fashion show, showed a relationship between philosophy and the direction through season concepts and brands. The Chanel collection has brought a new experience through the convergence of communications and cultural media, such as music and art according to traditional brand image.

본 연구에서는 표고 톱밥 지면재배 재배사내 온-습도의 변화가 표고균사생장과 버섯수확에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 톱밥배지는 충북 증평군 증평읍 남차리에 위치한 한솔농장에서 2월18일부터 3월28일까지 약 30일간 발효시킨 참나무 톱밥을 이용, 함수율을 65%정도로 맞춘 후, 65℃에서 11시간 살균하였다. 접종원은 산조 701을 사용하였으며, 톱밥과 종균을 7:3으로 섞어서 폭 1.3m, 두께 15㎝로 3월 30일에 입상 하였다. 입상 재배사는 동서방향으로 폭 10m, 길이 85m, 면적 850m² 규모의 단동형이며, 온도, 습도, 등을 제어하기 위하여 차광망, 단열재, 스프링쿨러 등을 설치한 3중 비닐하우스이다. 재배사내 온-습도의 변화는 재배사 내-외에 데이터 로거를 설치하여 측정하였고, 배지 내 온도와 수분변화는 온도센서와 수분센서를 부착하여 관측하였다. 그리고 균사 배양이 끝난 후에는 2주 간격으로 가로 7㎝, 세로 13㎝ 크기의 시료를 채취하여 함수율, pH, 에르고스테롤 농도를 측정하였다. 표고톱밥지면재배사내 온-습도의 변화범위는 온도 7.1~29℃, 습도27.3~100%였고, 재배사외 온-습도의 변화범위는 온도 3.1~30.7℃, 습도 1.25~100%였다. 입상 직후부터 배지에 표고균사가 활착하여 배지를 뒤덮는 2주간 평균온도는 12.1℃, 온도범위는 -2.1~29.4℃, 상대습도 범위는 7.6~100%였다. 이 시기에 오염균인 Rhizopus sp.가 발생하였으나, 표고균사가 활착하면서 오염의 범위가 넓어지지는 않았다. 대조적으로 2009년 5월 15일부터 6월 10일까지 재배사 내 온-습도 변화는 평균온도 18.0℃, 온도변화는 8.4~29.0℃, 상대습도는 32.3~100%였는데 Tricoderma sp.는 배지 전체를 오염시켰다. 입상 2주 후 배지 내 이산화탄소 농도는 약 8.06%이었고, 이 후 배지부터 6주차까지는 1.07%로 감소하였다. 6주차에는 배지 표면에 융기가 형성되었다. 7주차에는 배지표면의 갈변이 시작하였으며, 이산화탄소의 농도가 약 5.63%까지 증가하였다. 이후 11주차까지 이산화탄소의 농도는 6∼7%정도로 유지되었다. 재배 기간 중 함수율은 61%~72%, pH는 3.85∼4.56이였다. 표고 톱밥 지면재배 기간 중 배지 내 에르고스테롤 농도의 변화는 6월 16일배지의 비닐 제거 후 6월 25일 0.45㎍/g에서 7월 16일 0.57㎍/g으로 점진적으로 증가, 7월30일 0.33㎍/g로 낮아졌다. 이후 8월 27일까지 1.15㎍/g로 급격히 증가하였으며, 9월 10일 0.52㎍/g로 급격히 낮아졌다. 9월 10일 이후 9월 24일은 0.38㎍/g, 10월 8일 0.47㎍/g, 10월 22일 0.39㎍/g, 11월 5일 0.59㎍/g이었다. 표고수확 기간 중 재배사내 일교차는 1주기 7.1℃, 2주기 8.5℃, 3주기 7.4℃, 4주기 7.0℃, 5주기 12.7℃, 6주기 16.8℃, 7주기 12.8℃이었다. 일일버섯수확량은 일교차가 10℃이하인 1~3주기에는 각 50㎏, 48㎏, 64㎏였고, 4주기에는 일교차가 7.0℃로 낮았지만 일 수확량은 133㎏이었으며, 일교차가 10℃이상인 5~7주기까지는 각 일 수확량이 216㎏, 309㎏, 246㎏으로 10℃이상의 큰 일교차는 표고수확량에서 크게 영향을 미쳤다.

이 연구는 교원 행정업무 경감 정책이 변동되어온 흐름을 Kingdon의 정책흐름모형을 활용하여 분석하며 교원 행정업무 경감 정책 방안의 재조명과 함께 정책적 패러다임의 변화를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에 따라 지난 20년간 교원 행정업무 경감 정책 관련 기사 흐름을 분석한 후, 최근 10년의 정책을 Kingdon의 정책흐름모형을 활용하여 정책의 흐름을 분석하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 2008년 이후 총 3번의 정책의 창이 열린 것으로 분석되었다. 주요 흐름은 정치의 흐름이며 각각의 흐름을 결합하는데 정부 내 활동가와 가시적 활동가인 대통령, 교육감, 정책 관련 공무원 등이 주도적인 역할을 담당하였다. 1차 정책의 창은 미국의 금융위기에 따른 정책 문제의 흐름과 2010년의 교육감 직선제 등 정치의 흐름으로 정책의 창이 열린 것으로 분석하였다. 2차 정책의 창은 학교폭력으로 인한 학생의 자살로 인해 문제의 창이 열렸고, 제19대 국회선거, 제18대 대통령 선거 등의 정치적 변동이 주요 흐름으로 흐르며 정책의 창이 열린 것으로 분석하였다. 3차 정책의 창은 정책이 실현되는 과정에서 활용된 교무행정사의 자살, 학교 현장에서의 집단 간 갈등 등의 정책 문제의 흐름과 제7회 전국동시지방선거에 이익집단의 활동으로 정치의 흐름이 결합하여 정책의 창이 열린 것으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 교원 행정업무 경감 정책의 의사결정과정에서 협력적 거버넌스를 지향하며, 정책의 새로운 패러다임의 변화를 반영해야 한다. 둘째, 교원 행정업무 경감 정책의 인력 자원으로 활용된 교무행정사 제도의 체계적이고 효율적인 운영이 필요하다. 셋째, 교원 행정업무 경감 정책의 안정적인 컨틴전시 플랜(Contingency Plan)인 긴급지원 시스템 구축이 필요하다.

This paper presents a novel knitted data glove system for pattern classification of hand posture. Several experiments were conducted to confirm the performance of the knitted data glove. To find better sensor materials, the knitted data glove was fabricated with stainless-steel yarn and silver-plated yarn as representative conductive yarns, respectively. The result showed that the signal of the knitted data glove made of silver-plated yarn was more stable than that of stainless-steel yarn according as the measurement distance becomes longer. Also, the pattern classification was conducted for the performance verification of the data glove knitted using the silver-plated yarn. The average classification reached at 100% except for the pointing finger posture, and the overall classification accuracy of the knitted data glove was 98.3%. With these results, we expect that the knitted data glove is applied to various robot fields including the human-machine interface.

This paper proposes a pattern recognition and classification algorithm based on a circular structure that can reflect the characteristics of the sEMG (surface electromyogram) signal measured in the arm without putting the placement limitation of electrodes. In order to recognize the same pattern at all times despite the electrode locations, the data acquisition of the circular structure is proposed so that all sEMG channels can be connected to one another. For the performance verification of the sEMG pattern recognition and classification using the developed algorithm, several experiments are conducted. First, although there are no differences in the sEMG signals themselves, the similar patterns are much better identified in the case of the circular structure algorithm than that of conventional linear ones. Second, a comparative analysis is shown with the supervised learning schemes such as MLP, CNN, and LSTM. In the results, the classification recognition accuracy of the circular structure is above 98% in all postures. It is much higher than the results obtained when the linear structure is used. The recognition difference between the circular and linear structures was the biggest with about 4% when the MLP network was used.

This paper presents a multiple DoFs (degrees-of-freedom) prosthetic forearm and sEMG (surface electromyogram) pattern recognition and motion intent classification of forearm amputee. The developed prosthetic forearm has 9 DoFs hand and single-DoF wrist, and the socket is designed considering wearability. In addition, the pattern recognition based on sEMG is proposed for prosthetic control. Several experiments were conducted to substantiate the performance of the prosthetic forearm. First, the developed prosthetic forearm could perform various motions required for activity of daily living of forearm amputee. It was able to control according to shape and size of the object. Additionally, the amputee was able to perform ‘tying up shoe’ using the prosthetic forearm. Secondly, pattern recognition and classification experiments using the sEMG signals were performed to find out whether it could classify the motions according to the user’s intents. For this purpose, sEMG signals were applied to the multilayer perceptron (MLP) for training and testing. As a result, overall classification accuracy arrived at 99.6% for all participants, and all the postures showed more than 97% accuracy.

The paper proposes a stiffness measurement device composed of a measurement part including six indenters and a fixing part including four fixtures. The device is able to make simultaneously measurements of the stiffness of human arm. The six indenters make use of both position and force control schemes sequentially whenever needed. In addition, the loadcells and the digital encoders are attached to the indenters and electric motors, respectively, so that the data can be provided in real time. On the end of the indenter, two-axis potentiometer is attached in order to measure the angle difference between the applied force axis and the axis normal to the skin of human arm, and to convert the force measured on the loadcell into the actual applied force to skin. For this purpose, the mapping between the voltage output and the angle of potentiometer was obtained by fitting it for each axis. Ultimately, the measurement device was able to measure the stiffnesses of six regions of human arm.

The recent prosthetic technologies pursue to control multi-DOFs (degrees-of-freedom) hand and wrist. However, challenges such as high cost, wear-ability, and motion intent recognition for feedback control still remain for the use in daily living activities. The paper proposes a multi-channel knit band sensor to worn easily for surface EMG-based prosthetic control. The knitted electrodes were fabricated with conductive yarn, and the band except the electrodes are knitted using non-conductive yarn which has moisture wicking property. Two types of the knit bands are fabricated such as sixteen-electrodes for eight-channels and thirty-two electrodes for sixteen-channels. In order to substantiate the performance of the biopotential signal acquisition, several experiments are conducted. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) value of the knit band sensor was 18.48 dB. According to various forearm motions including hand and wrist, sixteen-channels EMG signals could be clearly distinguishable. In addition, the pattern recognition performance to control myoelectric prosthesis was verified in that overall classification accuracy of the RMS (root mean squares) filtered EMG signals (97.84%) was higher than that of the raw EMG signals (87.06%).

In this study, an operational data set was analysed by establishing a path model to figure out the actual cause-effect relationship of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); in particular, for the effluent concentrations of T-N and T-P. To develop the path models, data sets of operational records including effluent concentrations and operational factors were obtained from a field scale WWTP of 680,000 m3 of treatment capacity. The models showed that the relationship networks with the correlation coefficients between variables for objective expressions indicated the strength of each relationship. The suggested path models were verified according to whether the analyzation results matched known theories well, but sophisticated minute theoric relationships could not be cropped out distinctly. This indicates that only a few paths with strong theoric casual relationships were represented as measured data due to the high non-linearity of the mechanism of the removal process in a biological wastewater treatment.