This study focuses on exploring how to close attitude-behavior gap of consumers with regards to both recycled and upcycled fashion products. Specifically, this study is to explain the purchase gap between purchase intention and purchase experience of these sustainable products. Although many consumers had positive attitudes toward sustainable products, they often ended up not purchasing them. Factors including perceived values, risks, environmental concern, perceived consumer effectiveness, subjective norms, and demographic variables were examined to understand the discrepancy. The results indicate that antecedents of purchase intention were different from those of purchase experience and that influencing factors for recycled products were different from those for upcycled products. This study provides insights into understanding consumers and developing effective strategies to encourage desirable behaviors.

Overview Researchers have tried to identify the compability of sustainability and luxury fashion(Kapferer and Denizeau, 2014; Henings, Wiedmann, Klarmann and Behrens, 2013; Achabou and Dekhili, 2013; Joy, Sherry, Venkatesh, Wang and Chan, 2012). These studies have suggested that sustainability does not hold much relevance for luxury brands from the perspective of consumers who expect luxury brand offerings to be made from high quality products even if they come at a cost to the environment or the society in general. Davies, Lee and Ahonkhai (2012) investigated the importance of ethical consumption in luxury brand consumers, they observed that even though a consumer may have high ethical inclination while purchasing a commodity product but when buying luxury, they expect the highest quality and brand experience even if it comes a cost to the sustainability concerns. Achabou and Dekhili (2013) studied the consumer acceptance towards the usage of recycled materials in luxury fashion clothing and observed that despite the increasing environment conservation concern in society, consumers expect the brand to be of the highest quality standards and not recycled. Kapferer and Denizeau (2014) also observed that luxury buyers believe that there is no synchony between luxury and sustainability especially in the context of social and economic harmony aspect of sustainable development. Despite the consumer insentivity towards sustainability when it comes to luxury, brands like Stella McCartney and its parent company, the Kering group are increasingly emphasizing on being sustainable. Every year Kering’s brands, which also include Gucci, Alexander McQueen, Saint Laurent and, are measuring greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, water pollution, water consumption, waste, and changes in ecosystem services associated with land use. It puts numbers against each of those areas in order to see the impact of its supply chain on the planet in monetary terms (Arthur, 2016). Now the question arises that when consumers are not much bothered by sustainability standards in luxury industry in general,as suggested by academic researches, then why are the luxury fashion brands emphasizing on being sustainable and marketing this idea in their advertisemnts and brand campaigns. The increasing inclination of luxury fashion brands for being considered as sustainable suggests that there is a strong consumer base for sustainable luxury as well which has not been studied so far. Although Janssen, Vanhamme and Leblanc (2016) have emphasized the need to understand customer evaluations of responsible luxury brand image and its impact on the customer attitudes towards luxury brands, they did not study the consumer characteristics which can influence the responsible luxury brand evaluations. This study attempts to identify the consumers for sustainabile luxury and profile them on the basis of their personality traits and demographics. This will be particularly helpful for luxury brands in understanding their customers better and accordingly align their marketing efforts with the expectations and personalities of their target consumers.

The purpose of this research was to identify how students used social media during their experience with study abroad programs that focus on social and environmental sustainability. Key research questions included: Did students and program faculty directors perceive social media as beneficial or challenging to program goal? How did social media contribute to the overall learning process? How can this knowledge inform the design and implementation of future study abroad experiences? Surveys were conducted with students participating in three study abroad programs in three countries with varying levels of internet access. We found that most students used social media as a familiar support system to help acclimate to a foreign land, through the formation of cohesive peer groups and establishment of communication channels with family and friends. However, both students and program directors acknowledged the challenges of social media dependency. We conclude that judicious use of social media, when coupled with conscious immersion into the local environment and culture can enhance study abroad programs; and offer suggestions for future program planning.

Driven by market, consumer preferences and recent climate change discussions, the usage of ‘sustainability’ standards has over the last decade gained ground worldwide. Sustainability standards are largely voluntary, non-mandatory and an increasingly important component of the green economy. While on the one hand the usage of sustainability standards helps achieve several economic and environment objectives, on the other hand they can potentially act as barriers to trade in particular for small producers. This paper examines the potential trade and commercial aspects of sustainability standards in terms of their diversity, cost of incorporation and interaction with supply chains. It considers the compatibility of sustainability standards with the existing trade architecture of the World Trade Organization, drawing on relevant case law developments. Finally, it recommends the usage of international platforms such as the UNFSS and ITC Standards map, to enable product/ service specific information sharing, conformity assessment and business networking.

Sustainability was first presented in 1972. It was how biological systems remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. Now, people do not only focus on economy but also focus on social, environment and culture. In this paper we try to find out how to build sustainability index based on customers’ perception of companies’ sustainable performance in fashion industry. The index was explored based on American Customer Satisfaction Index. Through testing the sustainability performance of fashion industry using sustainability index this study tries to find out how customers were affected by fashion companies sustainability performance and how to improve customer repurchase intention through sustainability performance.

Sustainability is about how biological systems remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. People do not only focus on economy but also focus on social and environment. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) was created in 1999 which was based on economy, social and environment to evaluate and rank companies according to their corporate sustainability performance. In this paper we try to find out how to build sustainability index based consumers’ perception instead of company’s internal data and find what influence customers’ satisfaction upon sustainable fashion products in traditional fashion markets. The data was collected in Dongdaemun Market which is the biggest Korean traditional fashion market.

Motivated by the recent cases of negligent social responsibility as manifested by foreign luxury fashion brands in Korea, this study investigates whether agency costs depend on the sustainability of different types of corporate governance. Agency costs refer either to vertical costs arising from the relationship between stockholders and managers, or to horizontal costs associated with the potential conflicts between majority and minority stockholders. The firms with luxury fashion brand could spend large sums of money on maintenance of magnificent brand image, thereby increasing the agency cost. On the contrary, the firms may hold down wasteful spending to report a gaudily financial achievement. This results in mitigation of the agency cost.

본 연구에서는 소비자 혁신성이 온라인 패션광고의 지속가능성에 대한 평가와 광고제품 구매의도에 미치는 영향 을 분석하였다. 인터넷과 모바일의 온라인 패션광고를 접한 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으 며, 최종 573명의 데이터가 분석되었다. 수집된 자료는 요인분석, t 검증, 중회귀분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 소비자 혁신성 평균값을 중심으로 혁신성이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단을 구분하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 온라인 패션광고의 지속가능성 개념은 광고표현의 객관성, 광고표현의 비유해성, 개인정보의 보호성, 웹이용 비침해성 등 4개 요인의 하위차원으로 구성되었음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 소비자 혁신성이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 인터넷 사용시간 뿐만 아니라 온라인 광고경험이 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 소비자 혁신성 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 온라인 패션광고의 하위 차원 중에서 개인정보 보호성, 웹이용 비침해성, 광고표현 객관성을 유의하게 높게 인식하 고 있었다. 마지막으로, 소비자 혁신성이 높은 집단에서는 광고표현 객관성, 웹이용 비침해성이 광고제품의 구매의도 에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 소비자 혁신성이 낮은 집단에서는 광고표현 객관성, 개인정보 보호성이 광고제품의 구 매의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

구상나무는 러시아 극동의 해안에서 한반도의 고산을 따 라 제주도까지 분포하고 있으나 대부분 숲을 형성하지 못하 고 있을 뿐만 아니라 소수의 개체만이 드물게 발견되고 있 어서 IUCN은 절멸위기종으로 지정하고 있다. 그럼에도 불 구하고 한라산 천연보호구역에는 광대한 면적에 순림을 형 성하고 있는데 이는 세계 최대 규모의 구상나무림이다. 국내에서 구상나무림의 분포는 한라산뿐 아니라 덕유산, 지리산, 가야산 등이 있으며, 최대 분포지역은 한라산으로 2003년을 기준으로 약 617.1 ha로 보고된 바 있다. 최근 각 지역 구상나무림의 쇠퇴가 확인되고 있으며, 이 에 대해서는 바람의 영향, 기후변화의 영향, 타수종간의 생 육에서의 도태 등 다양한 분야에서 구상나무림의 쇠퇴를 규명하고자 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 쇠퇴해가고 있는 한라산의 구상나무림의 군집 구조를 분석하고, 나아가 구상나무림의 지속여부를 판단하 고자 한다. 본 연구에서 사용될 식생조사방법으로는 방형구법으로서 현장조사를 기반으로 20×20m의 방형구를 설치하여 Braun- Blanquet의 우점도와 위스콘신학파의 상대우점도 ․ 평균상대 우점도 ․ 우점도 등을 이용하여 식생구조를 분석하였다. 식생조사구의 선정은 대상지 내 구상나무림의 특성을 반 영 할 수 있는 지역을 대상으로 총 25개의 조사구를 선정하 고, 선정된 조사구를 대상으로 방형구법(400㎡)을 이용하 여 군락별로 표본 조사 실시하였다. 측정항목은 교목층, 아 교목층은 수고(m), 흉고직경(㎝), 수관폭(m)을 측정하고, 관목층은 수고(m), 수관폭(m)을 측정하였으며, 초본층의 경우 초장(m), 피도(%)를 측정하였다. 또한 구상나무의 고 사목 현황을 분석하기 위해 개체수조사와 수고조사, 흉고직 경조사를 진행하였다. 층위의 구분은 관목층 0-2m미만, 아 교목층 2-6m미만, 교목층 6m이상으로 수고를 이용하여 구 분하였다. 연구결과 조사구내 출현한 목본 총 종수는 34종으로 나 타났고, 총 개체수는 30,381목으로 나타났으며 구상나무는 2,225그루가 나타났다. 이 중 고사목은 720개체로 약 32.35% 로 나타났으며 평균수고는 5.44m, 평균흉고직경은 20.84㎝ 로 주로 교목상의 개체들이 주를 이루었다. 각 층위별 상대 우점치는 다음과 같다. 교목층의 상대우점치(IP)는 구상나무가 75.21%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 마가목 11.1%, 산개벚지나무 6.81%, 물 참나무 4.4% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 아교목층의 상대우점치는 구상나무가 33.33%, 다음으로 마가목 22.01%, 산개벚지나무 19.69%, 주목 17.69%, 물참 나무 2.35% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 관목층의 상대우점치는 주목이 70.52%로 가장높게 나타 났고, 다음으로 산개벚지나무 5.12%, 화살나무 4.29%, 마 가목 3.86% 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 구상나무는 2.83%에 불과 하였다. 평균상대우점치는 구상나무가 49.19%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 주목이 17.93%, 마가목 13.53%, 산개벚지나무 10.82% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 구상나무림의 경급분포를 분석한 결과 관목층이 매우 취 약한 종형의 형태를 내타내고 있어 지속적으로 숲을 유지하 는 것이 힘들 것으로 보이며 치수관리와 관목층의 유지관리 대책이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

It is recognized that the global apparel market of the twenty-first century is largely profit driven, and that the majority of producers and retailers have sourced products from the lowest cost locations. Purchase tickets of fashion goods available from ‘fast’ fashion retailers (at least within the UK) refrain from providing the consumer with details of the full circumstances of production. It seems that the majority of major retailers and producers are not willing to engage in levels of self-regulation which could ensure that the products offered to consumers are ethically produced and offer acceptable levels of sustainability. Meanwhile many fashion consumers have the desire to purchase sustainable products, produced ethically by workers paid fair wages in safe working environments. Consumer demand could be a powerful tool to adjust the behaviour of manufacturers and buyers. This paper proposes the introduction of international legislation demanding greater degrees of transparency than exist currently and that the full sourcing and production details of fashion products are stated clearly on the product’s purchase ticket within its retail setting. With the introduction of such legislation, consumers could thus be given the opportunity of purchasing goods which they feel accommodate their own views on ethical manufacture and sustainable products. In turn, consumer pressure could ensure indirectly that retail buyers consider all ethical and sustainable aspects of production when negotiating with garment producers/suppliers. Further to this, such a negotiating stance could ensure the improvement of the terms and conditions of employment of the numerous garment workers worldwide.

The implication of the study is that it demonstrates the relationship of image attribute specifying each pattern from the previous studies and investigates the difference in the relationship of brand attitude, artist attitude and purchase intention among image attribute. In addition, by demonstrating the difference in the relationship among the cultural arts lifestyle groups, as well as the high and low fit between lifestyle brand and artist, the study provides an insight and a specified path for marketers as they plan out ways to utilize cultural marketing communications. Finally, by verifying the relationship among patterns, our study offers useful points of reference also for artists or art foundations who plan it with lifestyle brands using strategic approach to consumers by specified means.

Fashion industry pressure on natural resources has grown dramatically as consumption grew in emerging countries and the principle of rapid change of fashions extended to mass market in western counties, at the same time supply chains expanded globally to countries with lower labor and environmental standards creating critical sustainability challenges. Meanwhile, sustainability has become a hot topic for consumers that hold brands responsible for sustainability performances along the whole supply chain. The paper traces developments in the fashion business commitment to sustainability over two decades, with a focus on the implication for SCM. Academic literature focuses mainly on partial issues, missing the overall picture, the interaction among a complex set of factors, and to account for the role of past decisions and mistakes on current SSCM (sustainable supply chain management) strategy developments. The time span considered captures sustainability awareness in the fashion business which is in its statu nascenti (nascent state) and the trial and error process that led to progressive refinements of both means and ends. The paper provides an extensive review of academic articles, business reports, technical documents, regulations and direct information from the field and identifies five key lessons learnt in this process that influence current fashion business strategies in sustainability and SCM.

The fashion supply chain, even if represents one of the most important economies of the European industry, is one of the most polluting industries in the world, being a huge consumer of water, electricity and chemicals, and discharging massive quantities of wastes to land. Despite this fact, only few contributions have offered an analysis of the practices adopted by fashion companies to reduce its environmental impact. This paper present an empirical study on the sustainability practices adoption of Italian companies in the fashion Clothing, Leather industries. The research has been conducted through an online survey submitted to a sample of 192 Italian companies, having respectively the 14 and 15 ATECO 2007 code in the AIDA database, with a response rate of 13%. The results have been analyzed through the statistical software SPSS, in order to conduct a cluster analysis and 6 different clusters have been identified. Companies belong to cluster 1 do not apply any sustainability practices, even if they are coherent with what they declare on their website. Companies of cluster 2 adopt some practices, but sustainability is not integrated into their culture. Cluster 3 is composed by companies that declare a high interest to the environment, mainly for marketing reason. This way, companies of this group represent the ones more misaligned and not consistent from the practices declared on their website and the one really implemented. Cluster 5 is composed by companies endorsing environmental sustainability as a part of the company values and a high level of practices implemented is reported. Last, companies belonging to Cluster 6 have the environmental sustainability as a strategic objective and implements sustainability practices in a consistent and coordinated way.

This paper presents the case study of the Tuscan growers pasta, an example of linkage between people, territory, environment and food. The use of new technologies for agronomic management, cultivation protocols, and a food supply chain agreement guarantee high quality, traceability and sustainability from field to package, representing an innovative marketing strategy.

This paper aims to investigate the alignment between fashion companies’ CSR policy, as communicated through company website, and CSR retail practices customers can actually observe or get information about when visiting company’s retail stores. The case study analysis is carried out using the Mystery Shopping technique. The sample is made up of companies belonging to the top of the fashion luxury pyramid, whilst the visited stores are located in Italy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a classification of companies’ behaviours in deploying CRS policy at the retail level, and to highlight different levels of fit between companies’ CSR policy and CSR practices communicated at the retail-store level. Our results reveal that several companies show a mismatch between their CSR policy and CRS practices communicated in stores to customers.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of perceived sustainability management fit of SPA brands on consumer purchase intention. A survey was conducted targeting women in their 20s and 30s from April 27th to May 6th 2013, and a total of 350 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA, simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out using SPSS ver 21.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, fit of all three areas- economic, ecological and socialof sustainability management activities have a significant impact on consumer perception on sustainability activities. Second, perceived sustainability activities by SPA brands are found to have a positive effect on brand attitude, brand trust and consumer satisfaction. Third, brand attitude and consumer satisfaction forged by perceived sustainability activities by SPA brands have a positive impact on consumers' purchase intention. Based on the result of this study, the following marketing implications can be suggested. First, SPA brands need to be more active in all three area of sustainability activities while coming up with measures for differentiated social sustainability activities. Second, SPA brands need to meet their primary obligation by providing consumers with quality products at a reasonable price. Third, SPA brands need to recognize the potential value of sustainability activities as a driver of a longstanding relationship with consumers as well as long-term profit and value creation, leading to a great financial performance.

International organization and airport operator have issued a guidance manual with regard to the sustainability specialized in airport by adopting environment friendly rating system and developing a variety of sustainable practices. The structure of framework is essential to the development of practical and effective sustainability guideline of airport. Evaluation criteria and method for airport sustainability properly designed is necessary for the assurance of the level of sustainability. In this study, evaluation criteria and method proper to airport after structuring of framework for airport sustainability will be suggested by reviewing a variety of reference documents issued from foreign and domestic organization.