Zhong Hua Zi Jing is Chinese teaching material promoted nationwide and overseas for the purpose of “fast literacy and early reading”, which covers Level 4 Chinese characters specified in the HSK exam outline. Its content includes knowledge of fifty major categories, including astronomy, geography, human relations, history, and the like. Therefore, this study is based on Xu Tongqiang’s sinogram-based theory. This paper proposes a teaching plan using the Zhong Hua Zi Jing in teaching Chinese as a foreign language in order to achieves positive results in vocabulary and Chinese character learning. A survey was first conducted on Korean students in years three and four of the Chinese language major to demonstrate their level of understanding of Chinese characters included in Zhong Hua Zi Jing, and to elucidate the level of understanding of Chinese characters Zhong Hua Zi Jing. Then, the necessity and specific solutions of using Zhong Hua Zi Jing to teach vocabulary mainly based on Chinese characters was explored.

대만은 현재 ‘12년 기초 교육과정(十二年國教108課綱)’을 시행하고 있다. 교사는 교육과정에 드러나는 ‘素养’ 정신을 주요 과목 및 학제 간 과목의 교재와 교수법을 결합하여 적극적으로 교육한다. 이를 통해 학생들이 평생 사용할 수 있는 생활 능력을 습득하기를 희망하고 있다. 학생들은 스스로 생활에서 발생하는 문제를 해결할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 미학과 문화 트렌드의 결합을 통해 감상 능력을 키우고 지혜로운 눈으로 직접 삶의 아름다움을 발견할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재라는 시공간과 앞서 언급한 궁극적 목표를 바탕으로 현장연구(Action Research) 방법을 사용하였다. 주로 중점을 둔 문제는 다음과 같다. 7,8학년 학생들이 六書 가운데 하나인 ‘會議’字를 학습하는 과정에서 ‘눈’으로 관찰, 손으로 ‘쓰기’ 등의 전통적인 학습 방법 이외, 흥미롭고 다원적인 실제 운용 가능한 학습 방법이 존재하는가? 학생들은 이러한 수업에서 어떤 능력을 습득할 수 있는가? 교사는 수업을 통해 교수법에 대한 어떠한 피드백과 공감을 얻을 수 있는가? 대만 교육부의 ‘현장연구’ 지침에 따르면, 현장연구의 목적은 이론의 발전과 연구 결과의 범용적 응용을 강조하지 않고, 특정한 시간, 장소, 상황에서의 발생하는 문제 상황에 초점을 둔다. 관련 교육 이론과 결합된 일종의 설계연구로, 행동연구 과정에는 대략 다음과 같은 몇 가지 절차가 포함된다. (1) 문제 정의 혹은 목표 설정 (2) 문헌 조사를 통한 유사 사례 유무확인 혹은 유관 목표 달성 여부의 이해 (3) 실험 가능한 가설의 설정 혹은 탐구 방안 설계 (4) 연구 환경 조성 및 절차와 조건의 명확한 기술 (5) 평가 기준, 평가 기술의 확립 및 효과적인 피드백을 얻을 수 있는 기타 도구 및 수단 준비 (6) 자료 분석 및 결과 평가 본 논문은 중국어 국문 교과서에 수록된 대만 작가 우원정(宇文正)의 「춘련 사기(买春联)」 텍스트를 활용하여 필자가 7, 8학년 학생 대상으로 진행한 회의자 수업을 기초로 한다. 학생들은 춘절에 손으로 춘련(春联) 쓰는 법을 이해하고, 전통 종이공예법을 활용하여 ‘春’이라는 글자를 오린다. 그리고 四方春이라는 창문 장식용 종이공예(窗花剪紙)를 만든다. 또한 회의자의 ‘同體 會議 구조’를 통해 대칭적이고 규칙적인 모양과 흥미로운 종이공예 패턴까지도 만들어 낼 수 있다. 학생들은 단어를 익히는 것 외에도 두 손을 사용함으로 시각 및 촉각을 자극하여 미적 감각을 향상시키고, 더 나아가 생명의 아름다음도 감상할 수 있게 된다.

The purpose of this action study was to identify problems of pre-service English teachers within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, initiate appropriate actions, and measure impacts. As the lack of teacher training and practice was noted as a problem, actions of providing long-term training and online teaching practice were initiated. Eighteen pre-service English teachers took an ICT course to receive training and taught students online. Their responses in regular group conferences, a final conference, and a survey questionnaire were analyzed through observing and reflecting. They perceived all topics and contents covered for the training as very useful. They also reported online teaching practice enabled them to improve various abilities such as managing Zoom classes, creating video content, managing an app, etc. Finally, they experienced difficulty, particularly in keeping students motivated, and holding online mentoring. However, working collaboratively enabled them to become more responsible. Actions initiated in this study were confirmed to be successful. Implications for the future are presented.

달크로즈 신체 리듬 교수법은 전통적인 교탁 의자 교수법을 뒤집고, 신체 리듬 방식으로 음악 교수법을 재구성하고, 음악 예술의 특성과 음악 학습의 법칙에 부합하는 교수 경로를 탐구 하였다. ‘동(動[움직임])’을 주제로, 신체 리듬 음악 교육의 기 본 문제, 즉 신체 리듬이 무엇인지, 왜 움직이는지, 어떻게 움 직이는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 동시에 중국 전통 미학의 관점에 서 신체 리듬 교육 방법에 대한 새로운 해석을 수행하였다. 신체 리듬 교육을 ‘심신합일(心身合一)’ 및 ‘기운생동(氣韻生 動)’의 측면에서 이해하여 향후 중국에서 신체 리듬 교육의 현 지화에 대한 가능성을 기대해 보고자 한다.

과학 발전 및 인류 경제생활 수준이 높아짐과 동시에 중국의 피아 노 문화 시장은 점차 대중성ㆍ다원화성ㆍ다양성 등의 특징을 보이고 있다. 피아노 레슨의 사회적 수요가 나날이 늘어나고 있기 때문에 피 아노 교육학과 학생들은 광범한 피아노 문화 시장의 수요에 만족하 기 위한 준비를 해야 한다. 엘리트 수업의 단일 교육 모델을 깨고 인터넷 플랫폼을 이용한 대 중을 향하는 피아노 교육 방식이 현재 대세이다. 이는 여러 과정의 종합수업 모델 하에서 ‘실용 피아노’의 교수방법과 특징을 활용하여 피아노연주ㆍ기초악리지식ㆍ작곡기초이론을 전통적인 이론 수업과 유기적으로 통합시켜 ‘교과 이념의 시대화, 수업내용의 혁신화, 교수 법의 다양성, 교육평가의 다원화의 특징을 구현하였다. 이는 고급성 ㆍ전문화ㆍ실천성 등 특징을 갖게 된다. 인터넷의 혁신적 성과를 ‘실용 피아노’ 교육에 깊이 있게 융합시 키는 것은 피아노 교육의 대세로, 피아노 실용형 혁신 인재의 배양에 큰 도움을 주게 될 것이다.

With the rapid development of information technology and education informatization, the informational teaching ability of university teachers has become an indispensable ability of university teachers in the “Internet” era. Improving the ability of informational teaching and adapting to the development of the times have become the only way for the development of university teachers. This paper explores the countermeasures to the improvement of the teaching ability of teachers in colleges and universities. Firstly, the paper expounds the basic connotation of college teachers' informatization teaching ability: information teaching awareness and attitude, basic ability of informatization teaching, information technology and curriculum integration ability, evaluation and innovation ability, etc. Secondly, analyzes the main problems existing in the information teaching ability of Chinese college teachers. Teachers in universities and colleges have a certain awareness of using infoumation technology in teaching, but their ability to apply information teaching technology is poor, expecially in application of informatization teaching resources. On this basis, we find out the countermeasure form the perspectives of the government, schools and teachers, aiming to promote the connotative construction and characteristic development in private colleges.

Much research has not been conducted on how classroom-based research articles concerning teaching effectiveness in the ESL/EFL classroom have changed over time, in spite of deep interest in the field. Therefore, this study aims to examine the characteristics of research articles on effective teaching in the ESL/EFL classroom, focusing specifically on articles from TESOL Quarterly. For this purpose, this study searched articles using three key terms; effective teaching, ESL/EFL, and activity. Articles which included those terms were investigated, depending on research topic and publication year, and four key facts were found; the importance of teachers’ input (older articles), a focus on group or peer work (newer articles), teachers’ education, and the use of students’ native languages. While students preferred teachers’ reliable and explicit input in the past, modern articles tended to recommend more frequent interactions among peer groups in the English learning classroom. Limited resources in teaching contexts asked for additional qualifications from ESL/EFL teachers, thus emphasizing teacher education as an important factor for effective teaching. Lastly, the use of students’ native language had a positive influence on learning English. The findings of this study suggest some implications for how effective teaching in Korean context could be implemented.

The paper provides a context to the reasons why there may be benefits in revitalising the original method of teaching costume construction for performance, reporting on reflections from personal experience and a relevant literature review to support the concept. It outlines the research to date and the following research stages.

본 연구의 목적은 전문가와 교사의 협력적 실행연구를 통해 유아교육현장에서 만나게 되는 유아의 정서조절과 관련된 행동문제에 대한 유아교사의 인식 및 지도가 어떻게 변화되었는지를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 D광역시에 위치한 유치원의 만 3세반 교실에서 약 3개월 동안 진행되었으며 유아교육과 현직교수 2인과 유치원 교사 3인이 참여하였다. 협력적 실행연구의 순환과정을 통해 나타난 유아교사의 변화를 파악하기 위해 교사들이 작성한 유아관찰 기록지, 교사저널, 연구일지와 교실관찰, 전화통화 및 이메일 교신, 면담내용의 자료를 근거이론의 절차방법을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 유아교사들은 협력적 실행연구에 참여하면서 정서조절 행동문제는 유아가 정서적인 어려움을 호소하는 메시지이고, 유아가 처한 환경적 맥락에서의 어려움을 반영하며, 행동문제를 하는 유아가 곧 문제유아를 의미하는 것은 아님을 인식하게 되었다. 다음으로 협력적 실행연구에 참여한 유아교사들은 정서조절 행동문제에 대한 자신의 지도실제를 반성적인 사고를 통해 살펴보기 시작했으며, 다양한 방법으로 관찰하고 객관적으로 분석하게 되었다. 또한 정서조절 행동문제를 지도하기 위하여 유아에게 관심을 가지고 믿고 이해하고 존중하기 시작했으며, 유아에게 가장 적합한 방법을 찾아 적용하였고, 정서조절 행동문제를 지도하는 과정에서 부모 및 동료교사들과 협력하였다.

The rapid developments of research and teaching of international law in China have attracted the attention of international law academics of the world, who have looked over the landscape of international law in China with great interest. Unfortunately, existing literature has yet to completely satisfy their interests in this aspect. This article is intended to compensate for this gap by introducing representative international lawyers, publications, academic associations and research funding schemes on international law in China. More concretely, this paper will show the mainstream research sources of their Chinese counterparts as well as embrace teaching as part of the research system of international law in China. It is expected that, with their more attention into the holistic research methodology and the “One Belt, One Road” strategy, the Chinese academia of international law will contribute more to the international rule of law.

The purpose of this research is to investigate characteristics of science content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge shown in the primary school science classes. Through analysis of classroom teaching, explore the features and differences between primary and secondary school science PCK. Using open-ended interviews with the teachers and group discussions on a regular basis to analyze and compare classes of five primary school teachers, the relationship between CK and PCK. Regardless of the school level the teacher's PCK and professionalism is required with varying focus and emphasis. The features of the primary school teacher's PCK are as follows: Firstly, elementary teach secondary teach content, teachers value pedagogical knowledge (PK) content knowledge (CK). The primary school PCK requires more of understanding of students and teaching methods that to subject areas. PCK be without content knowledge, and the teacher's PCK is subject-specific In addition to the characteristics of PCK in the primary school science teaching, ways to set up professional exchange or collaboration between primary and secondary teachers, and to provide supplementary in-service training focused on content knowledge for primary school teachers.

한국 어린이들이 중국어를 배우면서 접하는 한자의 학습에 대해 아직까지 국내에서는 경험에 근 거한 교수법과 방법론 위주로 논의가 이루어지며, 무엇을, 언제, 어떻게 도입해야 하는가에 대한 논 의는 충분히 이루어지지 않고 있다. 즉 학습자의 연령 요소와 그에 따른 인지 발달과 관련된 고려가 부족한 편이다. 본고는 이에 중국 어린이의 한자 읽기에 대한 실증적 연구들을 검토함으로써 한국 어린이의 한자 교육에 어떤 시사점이 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 선행연구에 따르면, 알파벳 등 표 음문자를 사용하는 어린이가 발달적 읽기 장애가 있는 경우, 이들의 기억력 장애는 시각적-공간적 자극 처리 능력보다는 음운 인식 능력과 관계된 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 중국 어린이를 대상으로 한 많은 연구들이 중국어 읽기 능력의 습득에서 작업 기억의 중요성을 조사하여, 중국어 한자 읽기 에서 음운 인식과 시각적 자극에 대한 처리의 기능을 다각도로 관찰, 조사하고 있다. 그러나 아직까 지는 어느 한쪽을 지지하는 유력하고 일관된 결과를 보이지 않는다. 다만 중국 어린이 학습자가 언 어적 환경과 인지 발달 단계에 따라 한자 읽기 습득에 있어 음운과 시각적 정보, 두 유형의 인지적 처리 기술이 서로 다른 처리 기제를 가질 수 있으며 두 가지 모두 한자 변별과 밀접한 관련이 있음 을 시사한다. 따라서 한국 어린이를 대상으로 하는 외국어로서의 중국어 교육 및 학습에서도 한자 읽기의 교수와 학습은 학습자의 인지 발달 단계를 고려하여 적절한 교수요목과 교수방식을 선택해 야 하며, 이에 대한 실증적인 연구가 필요하다.

Picture book, a kind of artistic form which uses pictures and words to tell a story, it has exquisite pictures, concise statements, interesting stories, simple but profound themes and a tone could convey positive energy. It not only makes children engender resonance and a deep sense of identity but also improves children’s language abilities, mode of emotion and enhance their understanding of life and relationship. As a starting point of reading for the children, the picture book is the “first book” in their lives. Meanwhile, it provides a kind of “comprehensible input” corpus to foreign language learners. This article through picture book educational practices of Chinese children reading, analyzed the effect of picture books instruction and certificated this effect. Picture books have a great potential, Chinese teaching should pay attention to picture books instruction to make learners change “reading” to “enjoy reading”, stimulating their interest in learning Chinese and love Chinese.

Chinese ancient literacy teaching is tteaching and learning of characters which refers to use paper as the carrier of copying or print the words in Chinese ancient books before 1911 years. Ancient literacy teaching has its particularity. At present there is only the system of standard Chinese literacy teaching in domestic, but no system of ancient literacy teaching. The phenomenon of scattered, random and inefficient in ancient literacy teaching seriously affect the reading, sorting and study of ancient books. The cause of this situation is not fully understanding the uniqueness of ancient literacy teaching. The situation is difficult to adapt to the current requirement of reading, sorting and researching in ancient books. Therefore, we need build the system of ancient literacy teaching mechanism in urgent. The relevant authorities should change cognition and elevate the status of ancient literacy teaching. Establishing a relatively independent ancient literacy teaching system, improving the method of teaching words in ancient books and establishing the implemented platform of teaching words in ancient books improve the teaching level and quality of ancient books to read so as to meet the needs of the ancient books reading and researching.

A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the history of discourse analytic studies that appeared in the English Teachingjournal ofKorea over the past 50 years. Atotal of 161 studies were categorized according to discourse modes, primary themes employed and levels of application. The results indicated that in the most recent years, DA articles occupy about 22% ofthe total studies published in thejournal, with an overall increase in DA studies analyzing written texts. Qualitative studies such as ethnographies and case studies employing discourse data as a primary component of data analysis have also steadily increased over the years. The findings suggest that in the future, more DA research on primary or secondary level students, classroom interactions, and critical discourse studies examining the Korean context may benefit a wider range of readership who may be interested in the practical application of DA results to the Korean English education context.

The purpose of this study is to summarize and report on both academic and pedagogical implications of CALL studies published in English Teaching from Vol. 1 (1965) to Vol. 70, n. 2 (2015) by critically reviewing 118 CALL articles in a qualitative meta-analytic approach, and also to suggest future directions for CALL research and practice. The data analysis indicates that English Teaching has m빠 significant achievements in developing technology and language learning research from both quantity and quality standpoints. First, that CALL has been consistently discussed as a major topic. Second, the research has been ground-breaking in topics, technologies, and instructional approaches. Third, the studies have produced meaningful findings, practical suggestions, and positive conclusions for English education in Korea. On the other hand, there are also some neglected aspects: first, the primary concern has been mostly for the effectiveness of new technology by means of quantitative approaches; second, the study scope is limited; third, the research projects are not sustainable or are unsupported by follow-up studies. In the future of CALL, it is hoped that 1) the role and usage of technology will be studied more from the L2 perspective; 2) the target interest will be focused on normal curricula; 3) large-scale research will be better promoted; and 4) more international efforts will be undertaken for theory building.

This study surveys a total of 127 L2 writing-related articles published in English Teaching over the past 50 years (1965-2015) with reference to research methodology, participants, and themes. The key outcomes are as follows. These articles on L2 writing in English successfully embrace diverse methodological approaches, not displaying a heavy reliance on quantitative methods. Among the study participants, those in higher educational settings maintain a comfortable lead, calling for more articles with elementary and secondary school students. A notable proliferation has been observed since the mid-l990s along with a numerical grow山 in articles on L2 writing. The research theme of classroom instruction appears most often over the journal's 50-year history, followed by learner traits and characteristics of Korean students' writing. The topics of assessment and technology use have gradually evolved into two of the major content areas in L2 writing research, while the theme of skill integration has remained under-researched. Overall, L2 writing research produced in English Teaching seems to exhibit diversity in methodology, participants, and themes.

The purpose of this study is to review speaking articles published in the journal of English Teaching over the past 50 years. A total of 145 speaking articles were analyzed according to research areas, target groups, language and research methodologies for every ten years from 1965 to 2015. A thematic analysis was also conducted based on eleven major research categories. The results showed that a shift of focus in research themes occurred around the fourth decade ofthe journal between 1995 and 2004 with a surge in the amount of speaking articles, greater attention of which was paid to methods and approaches, i.e., specific classroom-oriented tasks and activities to improve students' oral proficiency. While oral assessment was the second most productive area of research topics, the number of studies on materials and media ranked third, due to the trend in computer-assisted language learning in the last two decades. Research methodologies were evenly divided among theoretical, quantitative, qualitative, and alternative types, although the recent two decades have witnessed a noticeable increase in the number of quantitative analyses based on survey and experimental studies and qualitative studies on classroom discourse and native versus non-native interaction. Implications and future directions are suggested.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of research on learner factors in second language acquisition by reviewing relevant studies published in English Teaching over the past 50 years. A total of 182 articles on various learner factors were extracted from the journal. Further detailed analyses were conducted on 110 articles on strategy, motivation, and personality traits in terms ofpublication year, research topics, participants, methods, and researchers' concentration. The results reveal that research on learner factors has significantly expanded over time in terms of volume and diversity, reflecting increasing research interests in the field. As for research methodology, a quantitative approach was far more frequent but qualitative and mixedmethod approaches have gained visibility since 2000. Yet, most of the studies focused on tertiary level learners, while overall neglecting primary and secondary level learners. Furthermore, individual researchers' interests in the factors looked rather sporadic as revealed in the lack of research concentration. Based on the findings, suggestions for future research on learner factors are made.

The purpose of this study is to examine phenomena of teaching writing in Korean as a foreign or a second language, and to propose contents and methods for improving teachers’ ability of teaching writing. I presented 3 reasons that mainly cause the difficulty in teaching writing for nonnative speakers of Korean. Among the reasons, teachers’ lack of confidence and insufficiency of expertise in teaching writing is the most important one which we have to compensate in terms of improving teachers’ ability. First, in chapter Ⅱ, I analyzed the trend of teaching writing in Korean as an L2, and examined the characteristics of teacher training for teachers-to-be in Korean language education. Next, in chapter Ⅲ, I defined the concept of ‘ability of teaching writing’, and summarized the categories of the ability. Finally, in chapter Ⅳ, I suggested the contents and methods for improving teachers’ ability of teaching writing with regard to teachers’ expertise. Specially, I focused not only on the pedagogic content knowledge (PCK), but also on the content knowledge (CK). In this paper, I explored teacher education which is considered as one of the most important area for better teaching Korean as an L2. However, this paper remains only as a pioneer attempt at teacher education research for the area is not fully discussed yet.