Coffee has become one of the most popular beverages since the 1960s. These days, coffee is more about pleasure, experience, success, lifestyle, high concentration, and social status. Bhumiratana et al. (2014) state that individuals consume coffee with the intention of eliciting positive high-energy emotions, which can help in reducing fatigue, increasing alertness, improving work performance, and promoting a focused mental state, such as feeling motivated, productive, in-control, or clear-minded. Aguirre (2016) and Bhumiratana et al. (2014) also suggest that people drink coffee to stay awake. As coffee has popularized, café has become important as a place for people meetings. However, customers may tend to evaluate coffee as a service product depending on what service encounter they faced. They might perceive the taste and quality of coffee differently by following their mindset and stereotypes about perfect coffee. Customers pay attention to many factors in consuming coffee depending on service encounters. They may pay less for coffee prepared by robots and evaluate coffee prepared by humans as more precious. Therefore, this study proposes a specific factor theoretical framework of customers’ mindset about coffee prepared by human baristas and robot-barista. The study aims to determine how customers evaluate coffee prepared by baristas and robot-barista. Specifically, to which characteristics they pay attention in barista or robot-barista cases. Then, the study examines relationship between expected and perceived coffee characteristics and intentions to revisit café. Finally, the study compares customers' expectations about coffee depending on contact (barista) or untact (robot-barista) service.

This paper suggests a theoretical conceptual framework focusing on the individuals' affective process of country image evaluation, through the examination of the positive relationship among the country's responsiveness to individuals A-R-C needs with, and the country's emotional attachment. The main contribution of this paper is that it is operating as countries’ “BIAS map” for their future actions and policy strategies for their individuals’ well-being safeguard.

Based on the intention and idea of Chinese character-based cultural industrialization, this paper puts forward the concepts of “Chinese character culture industry” and “Chinese character culture industry research” by integrating the basic theories of Chinese character culture and cultural industry, combining the practical attempts of Chinese character researches and cultural creative designs. This paper also defines the nature of “Chinese character culture industry research” by sorting out the contents of the related subjects, and puts forward the research contents of this specific field. In this way, this study tries to construct a theoretical framework of Chinese character culture industry research.

As companies develop more and more collaborative inter-firm relationships with others on new product development, successful configuration and management of R&D alliance portfolios becomes even more challenging. This paper seeks to understand how different characteristics of a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio influence its ability to acquire external knowledge and how knowledge acquisition in turn influences the firm’s innovation outcomes. The central argument is that a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio strategy entails both knowledge structure benefit and relational benefit. Firms seek to achieve these two different types of benefits by bringing in different desired partners. As a result, a firm’s choice or preferences for different types of R&D alliance partners influence both the scope of external knowledge it is exposed to (knowledge structure benefit) as well as the partner’s willingness to share and the focal firm’s ability to absorb and learn from its partners (relational benefit). While certain strategies may offer firms’ the opportunity to achieve both types of benefits simultaneously, other strategies may force firms to choose one benefit over the other. In order to exploit the value of the acquired knowledge acquired from external partners, firms need to further apply this knowledge to come up with innovative products or services. Literature has further classified new product offerings into radical vs. incremental innovations based on their innovativeness and customer benefit increase. Due to the different characteristics and knowledge requirements for radical vs. incremental innovation, we investigate how different dimensions play differential roles in the development process of these two types of innovation. We empirically tested our hypothesis in the context of pharmaceutical industry with a panel data of 64 firms over 15 years. The statistical results largely support our hypothesis.

본 연구의 목적은 보조공학서비스와 삶의 질과의 관련성을 알아보고 작업치료사들이 임상현장에서 보조공학 서비스를 제공할 때 필요한 보조공학의 주요 모델 및 이론의 틀을 제공하고자 함이다. 문헌연구를 통해 보조공학이 장애인의 만족도와 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고 재활 모델(rehabilitation model), 욕구-중심 모델(need-based model), 보조공학의 전체론적 접근인 인간 활동 보조공학 모델(Human Activity Assistive Technology model; HAAT), 보조공학에 대한 사용자의 개인적 관점인 인간-공학 대응 모델(Matching Person and Technology; MPT)을 고찰하였다. 작업치료사는 휠체어, 스플린트, 일상생활 보조기기 등을 활용하여 신체기능을 보완 및 개선하고 성공적인 작업에의 참여를 통해 삶의 질을 향상시키는 작업치료사 고유의 업무를 발전시켜왔다. 따라서 보조공학에서 작업치료사의 역할과 비중이 더욱 커지도록 보조공학에 더 많은 관심과 열정 가지고 이론의 틀을 바탕으로 근거중심의 보조공학 적용연구가 활발히 일어나야 할 것이다.

다문화교육이 정책적으로 강조되면서 교사의 다문화교육 역량을 어떻게 신장시킬 것인가에 대한 논의가 지속적으로 이어지고 있다. 관련 논의 중 본 연구는 교사들이 다문화가정 학생을 어려움 없이 지도할 수 있다고 생각하는 긍정적 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 무엇인지 교사효능감의 이론 틀을 적용하여 분석하였다. 특히 교사효능감을 형성하는 주요 요인 중 교사의 성취 및 대리 경험, 학교 환경 등을 고려하여 다문화가정 학생 지도에 대한 교사의 긍정적 인식이 어떤 요인들에 의해 제고될 수 있는지 살펴보고자 했다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 2016 다문화사회 관련 의식 조사 중 교사 데이터를 활용하여 179개교의 3,970명의 교사를 대상으로 다층모형을 통해 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과, 교사의 성취 경험이라고 할 수 있는 다문화가정 학생 담임 경험은 정적인 효과가 있었지만 다문화교육 관련 강의 수강이나 현직연수 프로그램 이수는 유의미한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 교사의 대리 경험으로서 가정한 동료 교사들의 다문화사회에 대한 긍정적 인식 수준은 정적인 효과가 있었으며 학교 간 효과의 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. 한편 학교의 다문화교육 관련 정책 수행과 학교 문화는 유의미한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다문 화 관련 교사교육과 학교 정책에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.