This study aims to explored changes in vocabulary use in Jeongamchon, which was founded by immigrants from Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, in China. The data were collected from the first generation of Chungcheongbuk-do and Jeongamchon immigrants as well as the second generation of Jeongamchon immigrants. The data were divided into eight categories. The Jeongamchon community preserved a considerable number of dialects from Chungcheongbuk-do but also showed the transition of words into Chinese Korean. Examples of Chungcheongbuk-do dialect words that are highly conserved in Jeongamchon include words frequently used in daily life such as words about the human body and titles for relatives and family members. In contrast, words from Chungcheongbuk-do dialects indicating entities that do not exist in Jeongamchon, which can be attributed to differences in geographical environments or sociocultural differences between Chungcheongbuk-do and Jeongamchon, were at the verge of extinction. The indigenous vocabulary items in Jeongamchon, which refer to objects reflecting sociocultural differences from Chungcheongbuk-do, were substituted into the Chinese-Korean dialect, reflecting local culture.

본 연구는 한국어 교육 어휘의 선정과 배열의 연구 동향을 살펴보고 향후 나아가야 할 방향을 모색하는 데에 그 목적을 두고 있 다. 이를 위해 2000년 이후 발표된 248편의 연구를 연도별, 연구 대상 별, 어휘 유형별로 분류하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 연도별 동향으로 상 승과 하락을 반복하며 전반적인 상승세를 이어왔다. 연구 대상의 학습 목적으로는 ‘일반 목적’ 연구가 주를 이루고 있고, 학습자 언어권으로 는 언어권과 상관없이 진행된 ‘범언어권’ 연구가 가장 많이 나타났으 며, 학습자 숙달도로는 ‘전체급수’를 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았다. 어휘 유형으로는 ‘학술 어휘’, ‘주제별 어휘’, ‘한자어’ 등에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어져 왔다. 이에 향후 학습자의 학습 목적 및 배경, 언 어권, 숙달도 등 변인을 구체화하여 연구를 진행할 필요가 있으며, 다 양한 학습 목적 및 언어를 가진 학습자의 특성을 고려하여 보다 다양 한 어휘 유형에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

This study investigated the effects of exposure frequency, depth of processing, and activity repetition types on vocabulary learning. In total, 78 South Korean fifth-grade students were divided into four conditions. Students in each condition were asked to read a passage with four of the eight target words (exposure: four times) and the other four words (exposure: once) for three days, and to perform the vocabulary activities assigned to each condition. According to the results, exposure frequency and activity repetition type had significant effects on vocabulary learning. Activity repetition type also had a significant interaction effect with exposure frequency and depth of processing. Notably, presenting a word 12 times (4x3) in reading intervals had a more positive impact on vocabulary learning than presenting it three times (1x3), particularly when different vocabulary activities were repeated. Meanwhile, when the same activity was repeated, an activity with a higher depth of processing was more effective for vocabulary learning.

This study investigated whether the framework of writing for English learners should be guided by the well-established reading-writing relation or by the receptive and productive nature of literacy skills. The writings of 209 advanced English learners in Korea were analyzed in relation to receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension while controlling for writing fluency. Two sets of structural equation models were fitted: (1) productive skills (productive vocabulary and writing fluency) mediating receptive skills (receptive vocabulary and reading) and (2) reading mediating receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The results supported the second model in which reading completely mediated the contribution of receptive and productive vocabulary to writing. Although there were no direct effects of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, both had significant indirect effects on writing through reading and writing fluency. These results show that reading has a strong direct effect on writing above and beyond vocabulary, and that vocabulary knowledge contributes to writing development through reading.

Zhong Hua Zi Jing is Chinese teaching material promoted nationwide and overseas for the purpose of “fast literacy and early reading”, which covers Level 4 Chinese characters specified in the HSK exam outline. Its content includes knowledge of fifty major categories, including astronomy, geography, human relations, history, and the like. Therefore, this study is based on Xu Tongqiang’s sinogram-based theory. This paper proposes a teaching plan using the Zhong Hua Zi Jing in teaching Chinese as a foreign language in order to achieves positive results in vocabulary and Chinese character learning. A survey was first conducted on Korean students in years three and four of the Chinese language major to demonstrate their level of understanding of Chinese characters included in Zhong Hua Zi Jing, and to elucidate the level of understanding of Chinese characters Zhong Hua Zi Jing. Then, the necessity and specific solutions of using Zhong Hua Zi Jing to teach vocabulary mainly based on Chinese characters was explored.

This study investigated the effects of multisensory memory strategies of pairing visual and aural learning strategies of aural lexical advance organizers (LAO) and read-alouds on 146 Korean high school students learning the meaning and pronunciation of 18 unfamiliar English words. In this quasi-experimental design, the control group learned the words on a single mode of written LAO and silent reading as opposed to two treatment groups of aural LAO and silent reading, and of aural LAO and read-alouds, respectively. The effects were tested three times via pre-, post-(immediately after learning), and delayed (30 days later) tests. The immediate and long-term effects were examined by detecting the differences across the three groups in post- and delayed-tests by one-way ANOVA, and the retention of effects was examined by paired t-tests in each group across the three tests. The results indicated that pairing aural LAO and read-aloud strategies was most effective in learning and retention of both vocabulary meaning and pronunciation.

본고는 단국대학교 부설 한문교육연구소에서 개발 중인 특수 어휘 매칭 툴을 구동시켜 어휘 데이터의 문제점과 개선 방향을 논의하기 위해 작성되었다. 한문교육연구소 개발 어휘 매칭 툴은 최종적으로 한문 고전 텍스트를 토크나이징(Tokenizing) 하기 위한 것이며, 특수 어휘의 매칭은 전체 텍스트를 토크나이징을 하기 위한 첫 단계라고 할 수 있다. 이 어휘 매칭 툴 실행 결과를 MARKUS 자동 마크업과 비교함으로써 매칭 툴과 그 데이터의 장단점을 분석하고, 이 과정에 발견된 문제점에 대해 보완할 수 있는 방향을 제시하였다. 한문교육연구소 어휘 매칭 툴은 한문고전에 특화된 도구로서 중요한 역할을 할 수 있으며, 앞으로 한문 고전의 토크나이징 에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 현재 상태에서는 여러 가지 보완이 필요하다. 우선, 한국 고유의 지명과 인명 데이터를 추가할 필요가 있다. 현재 데이터는 주로 중국의 어휘에 집중되어 있어 한국 고유 어휘가 부족한 상황이다. 추가 어휘데이터를 구축함으로써 해결할 수 있을 것으 로 보인다. 또 별칭의 매칭 문제 등을 해결할 필요가 있다.

This study aimed to explore the role of inference making in the relation between vocabulary knowledge (breadth and depth) and reading comprehension for 487 ninthgrade Chinese EFL students who were categorized as either struggling or adequate. Path analysis was used to examine both direct and mediated effects. The results indicated a statistically significant indirect effect of vocabulary knowledge on reading comprehension, mediated by inference making, for the entire participant group. However, there were notable differences between the struggling and adequate readers, as evidenced by distinct path diagrams. For struggling readers, the indirect effect of vocabulary breadth on reading comprehension through inference making was significant, while that of vocabulary depth was not significant. For adequate readers, both vocabulary breadth and depth directly explained reading comprehension. These results are discussed in the EFL context, encompassing assessment and instructional implications for EFL readers with varying levels of reading abilities.

This study investigated the effects of processing three types of texts, namely expository texts, narrative texts, and a combination of both known as twin texts, on incidental vocabulary acquisition and retention in L2 learners. College freshmen (N = 109), who were lower to upper intermediate learners of English, were assigned into a control group and three experimental groups representing different reading conditions. Over a period of seven weeks, the experimental groups engaged in two reading sessions to read their assigned texts accompanied by output tasks and input enhancement. The participants’ receptive and productive vocabulary gains were measured with an immediate posttest and a delayed posttest to assess retention. Results revealed significant impacts of text genres on L2 incidental vocabulary learning and retention. Processing twin texts and expository texts yielded significantly greater vocabulary gains than processing narrative texts alone. These effects might be due to different processing mechanisms required for texts structured in distinct ways. Expository texts are informative and explanatory in nature, providing explicit and contextually rich information for word comprehension and retention.

본 연구의 목적은 미얀마인 어머니를 둔 다문화가정 미취학 자녀 의 한국어 어휘 습득 양상을 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이 아동들을 대상으로 어떠한 어휘 습득이 지체되었고, 이러한 어휘들의 특징은 어떠한 지 살펴 문제의 뿌리를 파악하고 그 해결점을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아동들의 수용어휘력 검사를 시행하였고 그것을 바탕으로 어휘의 발달 양상을 분석하였다. 조사 결과, 이러한 양상은 어머니의 한국어 습득 미완 결이 근본적인 이유로 간주되어 이를 보완하기 위해 결혼하여 한국으로 이민 온 미얀마인 여성들을 위한 보조 교육을 실행하는 방안을 채택하였다.

Learning Chinese through animation can be of great help to balanced language learning as you can access not only language but also culture. This study extracted and analyzed the vocabulary of the July 8th, 2016 Chinese animation [Big Fish & Begonia] as evaluated by HSK grade. Among the total number of vocabularies and expressions observed, the average proportion of the ‘basic HSK’ grade vocabulary is 53.95% and the average proportion of the ‘modified HSK’ grade vocabulary is 96.98%, which is very meaningful in learning. The composition ratio of HSK grade for each section was generally constant and the difficulty was constant. The animation [Big Fish & Begonia] contains various vocabulary for learning Chinese and is an educational content that embodies the cultural colors and characteristics of China well for children and adult learners in the early stages of learning Chinese. A very positive educational effect can be expected for the development of Chinese language skills, and the possibility of its use is also very high.

Este trabajo analiza los errores debidos a la interferencia coreana al escribir/traducir al español. Sostenemos que, cuando los alumnos ingresan una vez en la memoria una forma española α que corresponde preferentemente a una forma coreana A, tienden a equiparar esta correspondencia como ‘A = α’ y la aplican a los casos en los que dicha correspondencia no debería usarse. Para averiguar cuántos alumnos cometen este tipo de error, realizamos un experimento con 42 alumnos. En el experimento, dividimos las oraciones en dos grupos. Las oraciones que pueden producir un resultado apropiado se colocaron en el grupo A si usamos la correspondencia ‘A → α’, mientras que las que pueden producir un resultado inapropiado se ubicaron en el grupo B si lo hacemos. Nuestro análisis mostró que el error más común del grupo B es reutilizar la correspondencia utilizada en el grupo A. Por lo tanto, los estudiantes necesitan evitar una “ecuación excesiva” para reducir errores. Finalmente, para cada oración, sugerimos formas de reducir o evitar errores.

This study aims to analyze the types of cognitive process required to perform vocabulary learning activities in Middle School English textbooks. For this purpose, 26 middle school English textbooks were examined, including 13 for the first year and another 13 for the second year of middle school. The results indicated that vocabulary learning activities emerged in the phase of reading, and then were categorized into pre-reading vocabulary activities and post-reading ones. Eight types of cognitive process emerged in the pre-reading phase and three types in the post-reading phase. That is, the number of vocabulary activities in pre-reading phase was larger than that in the post-reading phase. In addition, the diversity of vocabulary activities in the pre-reading phase was higher than that in the post-reading phase. Based on these results, this study suggests a new model of vocabulary learning activity in middle school English textbooks. A few implications on how to teach new words in English classrooms are discussed.

This study investigates the claim that task-induced involvement load has an effect on vocabulary learning and examines the effect of task types and word concreteness on intentional vocabulary learning in the Korean EFL context. This study aims at testing whether productive word-focused tasks lead to equally effective vocabulary learning when the total involvement load index is equal but the distribution of index levels of each component (need, search, and evaluation) is different. The three productive word-focused task types are gap-fillig, sentence writing, and gap-filling through word transformation. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of word concreteness on vocabulary learning, two groups of target words were selected based on the level of word concreteness. In sum, the results of this study generally supported involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijin, 2001) and test types and proficiency levels proved to be important variables that affect vocabulary learning. Moreover, the findings also indicated that word concreteness was not a major factor in vocabulary learning. The pedagogical implications and further suggestions are discussed.

The research aims to identify vocabulary meaning of “resentment” in Chinese and Korean language. For this, words were extracted, meaning “resentment” in 『A Dictionary of Modern Chinese Usage』, 『A Dictionary of Modern Reverse Chinese Usage』, and 『The Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary』 published by The National Institute of the Korean Language. Through analysis of these words, distributions by parts of speech and types of word formation were analyzed. The results are as follows: in Chinese, the meaning of “resentment” are the most common in verbs, followed by nouns and adjectives. On the other hand, nouns includes the most “resentments” words, followed by verbs and adjectives. In terms of word formation, most of the Chinese “resentment” vocabulary are compound words; their internal structure mainly consist of verbs and objectives, or modifier and nouns. On the contrary, in case of Korean language, compound nouns and derivative verbs are the most common. Finally, in respect of representative vocabulary of “resentment”, metaphor concept for “resentment” in Chinese and Korean language are in the following: both Chinese and Korean words conceptualize the meaning of “water, red, fire (or heat or hot vapor), thing, food, climate, and weapon.” However, conceptualizing as “plant” appears in only Korean language, and as “letter” and “dangerous animal” in only Chinese language.

This study investigated the relative predictive power of vocabulary depth and reading fluency on the reading comprehension of advanced Korean EFL learners in college. By doing so, the scope of paradigmatic relations, as part of vocabulary depth, was extended to encompass associative vocabulary as well as synonyms and antonyms, and reading fluency at the discourse level was considered. For this study, 139 college students were tested on a range of vocabulary depth tests, as well as reading comprehension and text-level reading fluency. The findings revealed that although both vocabulary depth and reading fluency are significant contributors to reading comprehension abilities, the predictability of vocabulary depth was larger than that of reading fluency. In addition, associative vocabulary not only revealed additional predictive power for reading comprehension on top of reading fluency, synonyms and antonyms, but also showed stronger predictability compared to synonyms and antonyms. These results highlight that both vocabulary depth, especially the knowledge of how words are related together, and text-level reading fluency play a crucial role in boosting the reading comprehension abilities of even advanced L2 readers.

이 연구는 한국어교육 어휘에서는 무엇을 가르쳐야 하는가 곧 어휘 내용 요소의 설정에 대한 논의를 전개하는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 이것은 한국어교육 어휘의 지식 영역을 이전의 언어학적 혹은 국어학적 연구 성과를 다소 그대로 옮겨온 것이 아닌가 하는 반성과 한국어교육 어휘에서는 이전의 언어학 혹은 국어학 연구 성과를 수정 이나 해석하지 않은 채 한국어교육에 응용할 수 없다는 점에서 교육 어휘(pedagogical vocabulary)의 측면에서 접근이었다. 그런 측면을 반영 하여 한국어교육 어휘의 내용 요소는 형식(구어/문어/단어 구성), 의미(형태와 의미/개념과 지시대상/연상 관계), 사용(문법적 기능/연어 관계/ 사용제약)의 영역에서 설정할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 M여자중학교와 U중학교의 2학년 학생들에게 올바른 일상 언어생활을 위하여 한자학습이 필요하다는 것을 느끼게 해주고, 또, 일상 언어생활의 한자어휘로 두 학교 학생들에게 창의적 사고역량, 지식정보처리역량을 길러주고자 하는데 있다. 연구자는 먼저 신문, 방송, 가요, 교과서에서 한자어휘를 찾아서 직접 읽고 쓰거나 조어기법으로 한자어휘 만드는 것을 통하여 한자학습의 필요성을 느끼게 하였고, 둘째, 일상 언어 생활의 한자어휘를 가지고 새로운 한자어휘들을 만들어내는 브레인스토밍, 임의의 3개의 한자어휘를 활용하여 글쓰기를 하는 강제결합법, 8개의 한자어휘를 활용하여 글쓰기를 하는 연꽃기법, 한글 노래가사를 한자 노래가사로 바꾸는 스캠퍼기법, 한자어휘 끝말잇기를 하는 통제연상법을 통하여 창의적 사고 역량을 길러주고자 하였고, 셋째, 휴대폰 어플 웹툰캐, 워드클라우드, 오토랩, 싱플레이, 플리파클립 을 활용하여 지식정보처리역량을 길러주고자 하였다. 창의적 사고역량 개발 측면에서는 M여자중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만 U중학교는 그렇지 못했다. 그런데 지식정보처리역량 개발 측면에서는 U중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만, M여자중학교는 그렇지 못했다. 또, 수업만족도와 한자학습의 필요성 측면에서는 M여자중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만 U중학교는 그렇지 못했다.

The Hallyu (Korean Wave) boom that started with TV dramas in the 2000s expanded to various cultural areas, including food and music. As Korean culture gained popularity, Hallyu fans in Japan began to adopt Korean vocabulary like loan words. To study this phenomenon, the author collected vocabulary used by K-pop fans of native Japanese speakers and classified them by type. It was found that most of these words were currently being borrowed and used in their original Korean form; however, there were also words created by combining Korean words with Japanese words or newly coined by combining Korean words. Once Korean K-pop vocabulary becomes more established in Japan, it is expected that more words will emerge that originate from Korean but are independently created and used exclusively by Japanese speakers.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between high school students’ use of vocabulary learning strategies and their motivation. Its main concern is with how the relationship varies between three student groups divided according to their vocabulary achievement. A survey was taken by a total of 275 students enrolled in a high school in Gyeonggi province. 232 students were selected to be studied. The students were divided into three groups - advanced, intermediate, and beginner levels - based on their performance in vocabulary tests. Their responses were analyzed through SPSS to produce both basic descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show the three groups differ regarding which strategies both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation had a significant impact on - these were memory and cognitive strategies for the advanced level group; decision, social, memory and metacognitive strategies for the intermediate level group, and none for the beginner level group. The results also show that the three groups differ regarding which strategies only extrinsic or intrinsic motivation had a significant impact on.