This study attempted to analyze the comparative advantage in terms of disaster safety costs in verifying the effectiveness and economic feasibility of the high-performance water-bulwark system in the pole tunnel, which was recently promoted as a part of the acceleration of vehicles. The tunnel to be analyzed was divided into a short tunnel(Anyang, Cheonggye) and a long tunnel(Suraksan, Sapaesan). As a result, it was analyzed that 25% of the improvement effect would occur if one lane was secured by applying the Water-Bulwark System. It was analyzed that this is because the time value cost, which accounts for a large proportion of the traffic congestion cost of short tunnels and pole tunnels, differs depending on the congestion time and traffic volume, not the length of the tunnel.

Long-term evolution of the surface environments can affect the safety of deep geological disposal. Therefore, it is important to understand the water balance components constituting the water cycle among atmosphere, surface, and subsurface. In Finand, the surface and near-surface hydrological model (SHYD) was developed to calculate the water balance of Olkiluoto Island. Through the intensive site investigations, the data sets as input for the site scale model in present-day conditions have been collected such as transpiration and meteorological data. In this study, weighing lysimeter method was selected to quantify small-scale soil water balance of the vadose zone in the UNsaturated zone In-situ Test facility (UNIT) around KAERI Underground Research Tunnel. Hydrological components such as precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET) and leachate were derived from water balance analysis on the lysimeter measurements in UNIT. Among the hydrological components, actual ET accounts for more than 50% of the annual precipitaion, and thus plays an important role on predicting the hydrological evolution in the future. In this context, actual ET measured from the weighing lysimeter was compared with potential ET estimated from meteorological data using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.

In general, fire accidents in tunnels are sufficiently preventable, but the damage is very large. Therefore, the number of highway traffic accidents is high in spring when spring fatigue occurs and the traffic volume for maple travel increases. In particular, when analyzing the cause of death of people killed in fire accidents in tunnels, it is analyzed that most of them are suffocated by smoke. Therefore, in this study, it can be said that it is meaningful to make a social contribution to reduce the number of traffic accident deaths by establishing an efficient fire suppression system for fire accidents in tunnels.

The objective of the study was to determine nutrition regime and limitation in the Boryeng Reservoir where there’s a water tunnel between Geum River and the reservoir. Evaluation was conducted through in situ algal bioassay experiments (in situ ABEs) using the cubitainer setting in the reservoirs. For in situ ABEs, we compared and analyzed variations in chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) and phosphorus concentrations in Boryeong Reservoir before and after the water tunnel construction. We then analyzed the nutrient effects on the reservoir. Analysis for nitrogen and phosphorus was done in the three locations of the reservoir and two locations of the ABEs. The in situ ABEs results showed that phosphorous and Nitrogen, the primary limiting nutrient regulating the algal biomass was not limited in the system. The treatments of phosphorus or simultaneous treatments of N+P showed greater algal growth than in the control of nitrate-treatments, indicating a phosphorus deficiency on the phytoplankton growth in the system. The water from the Geum River had 5 times higher total phosphorus (TP) than the water in the reservoir. Efficient management is required as pumping of the river water from Geum River may accelerate the eutrophication of the reservoir.

Capture efficiencies of commercial shrimp trawls may improve if their designs took into better account behavioral responses of wild shrimp to approaching cod-end of the trawls. Here we report results of water tunnel-based experimental studies of responses of wild California target prawns to several different near-realistic netting configurations over a range of water velocities (0.3–0.7 m/s). Netting panels were oriented at parallel to water flows (FP) on the bottom of test section, vertical (VT) or diagonal sloping backward (DG), bottom to top. Behavioral responses were recorded by video camera and analyzed frame by frame. Measured responses included rates of penetrating through netting by behavioral features and tail-flip frequencies. Frequencies of prawn passing through the nets increased with flow speed for both orientations and were higher at given speeds for sloped nets. Other behavioral features (e.g., passage head-or tail-first) also varied significantly with water velocities and netting orientation. Interactions of penetrating rates between netting orientations and flow speeds also were significantly dependent, except for prawn size. Additional studies are needed of other shrimp species and at higher water velocities more similar to actual field operations using trawls to improve size selectivity.

무가온 하우스에서 공심채 조기재배시 터널피복재와 파종시기가 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 터널 설치기간(3월 5일~4월 30일, 10월 11일~11월 10일)중 PE필름으로 터널을 피복한 경우 일평균 기온과 지온이 터널을 설치하지 않은 무처리에 비해 각각 2.0~2.4oC, 0.9~1.0oC가 높았고, 일라이트 부직포로 피복한 경우도 각각 1.6~1.8oC, 0.6~0.8oC가 상승했으며 특히, 일중 저온시간대의 온도 상승 효과가 더욱 컸다. PE필름이나 일라이트 부직포로 피복한 터널에서 3월 15일 파종한 경우 출현기간 중 온도는 무처리로 4월 5일 파종한 경우와 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 출현일수와 출현율도 이와 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 터널피복을 하고 3월 5일이나 3월 15일에 파종한 경우 무처리 4월 5일 파종에 비해 수확가능기간이 길어져 2회 더 수확할 수 있었고, 총 수확량도 22.5~25.7% 증가하였으나, PE필름과 일라이트 부직포간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 기온상승에 의한 고온장애 우려로 한낮에는 PE필름을 제거해야 하는 반면, 일라이트 부직포는 이 제거작업이 필요 없었다. 이들 결과를 볼 때, 공심채를 무가온 하우스 에서 조기재배하는 경우 일라이트 부직포를 이용하여 터널을 설치하고 3월 중순에 파종하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

공동구용 수직구 접속부는 부등침하 발생, 지하수위 저감, 지진 등 동하중에 의한 상대변위 발생 등의 문제점이 야기되고 있다. 현재 국내에서는 수직구 접속부 시공 시 지반안정화를 위한 각종 공법을 적용하고 있으나, 접속부에 대해 직접적인 보강/차수 기술 적용은 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동구용 수직구 접속부에서 야기되고 있는 문제점을 상쇄할 수 있는 공동구용 수직구 접속부 보강/차수 장치 시제품을 개발하였다.

Safety, Durability, and Usability of the Concrete Structure affecting among, there are crack and leakage the main damage is crack and leakage. Especially, Leakage is accompanied by Efflorescence, and provoke steel corrosion, exfoliation. This leakage is leaked to the exterior of the concrete surface in the shape of line or face, the method of repair varies with the shape of leakage. Accordingly, this paper will introduce case analysis of the shape of the water leakage to water leakage site in the lining structure of the NATM tunnel for utilize investigation method and basic data for the method of repair.(leakage, Efflorescence)

Recently severe drought caused the water shortage around the western parts of Chungcheongnamdo province, South Korea. A Diversion tunnel from the Geum river to the Boryong dam, which is the water supply dam for these areas has been proposed to solve this problem. This study examined hydraulic impacts on the Geum river associated with the diversion plan assuming the severe drought condition of 2015 would persist for the simulation period of 2016. The hydraulic simulation model was verified using hydrologic and hydraulic data including hourly discharges of the Geum river and its 8 tributaries, fluctuation of tidal level at the mouth of the river, withdrawals and return flows and operation records of the Geum river barrage since Feb. 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015. For the upstream boundary condition of the Geum river predicted inflow series using the nonlinear regression equation for 2015 discharge data was used. In order to estimate the effects of uncertainty in inflow prediction to the results total four inflow series consisting of upper limit flow, expected flow, lower limit flow and instream flow were used to examine hydraulic impacts of the diversion plan. The simulation showed that in cases of upper limit and expected flows there would be no problem in taking water from the Geum river mouth with a minimum water surface level of EL(+) 1.44 m. Meanwhile, the simulation also showed that in cases of lower limit flow and instream flow there would be some problems not only in taking water for water supply from the mouth of the Geum river but also operating the diversion facility itself with minimum water surface levels of EL(+) 0.94, 0.72, 0.43, and 0.14 m for the lower limit flow without/with diversion and the instream flow without/with diversion, respectively.

The tunnel structure is a structure supported by the ground rigidity around the tunnel excavation. Therefore, when tunnel excavation occurs, various problems arise in the tunnel when the ground stiffness is weak. These characteristics should be considered because the ground conditions in the design of tunnels are often different from the construction conditions investigated during tunnel construction

Shield tunnel-shaft joint has caused problems in use which has different soil condition and boundary condition according to structure type. For solving this problems we developed joint reinforcing and inflow water cut-off system which can ensure stability of shield tunnel-shaft and reduce costs of maintenance.

최근 기상변화와 급속한 도시화에 따른 국지성 집중호우가 자주 발생되며, 불투수층이 급격히 증가하면서 대도시 지역에서의 침수 피해가 잇따르고 있다. 2010년과 2011년 서울시에도 100년 빈도의 집중호우가 연이어 나타나면서 광화문과 강남지역 침수가 발생하였고 이는 서울시의 현재 우수 및 하수관리 체계의 한계점을 보여준다. 이에 서울시는 체계적인 방재대책을 마련하기 위해 대심도 빗물배수터널 설치를 계획하고 있지만 국내의 경우 대심도 빗물배수터널에 대한 연구(수리실험 및 수치모의 등)가 미비하며, 구체적인 설계지침수립 등의 연구결과가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로 대심도 빗물배수터널의 흐름특성 분석에 관한 구체적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 대심도 빗물배수터널에서 유입구(Inlet)는 유량배제 시 유입유량을 결정하는 중요한 구조물이다. 국외에서는 유입구의 형태 및 크기 등에 관한 실험 및 수치모의연구가 1980년대 이후로 지속적으로 수행되고 있으나, 국내에서는 유입구에 관한 기초적인 연구만 진행되고 있는 실정이므로 유입구에 대한 구체적인 연구가 필요하다. 특히 유입구는 형태(Scroll, Spiral, Tangential)에 따라 유입수로에서의 수심이 결정되고 이 수심이 유량의 배제능력을 평가하는 기준이 되므로 유입구의 형태별(Scroll, Spiral, Tangential) 흐름특성을 분석 하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 가장 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 유입구의 종류를 소개하고, 각 유입구에 대한 흐름특성을 분석하고자 한다. 흐름특성 분석을 위해 3차원 수치모델링 프로그램인 Fluent 6.3모형을 사용하여 실시하였다. 유량 배제효율을 판단하는데 척도가 되는 유입수로에서의 최소수위를 측정하였으며, 각 유입구별 수치모의 조건(수직갱 지름, 접근수로 너비, 유량 등)은 같은 값을 적용하여 비교·분석하였다. 유입부 구조물의 격자망은 육면체와 삼각뿔 형태로 구성하였으며, 다상유동을 위해 VOF Scheme을 적용하였다. 수치해석 방법으로는 비정상류, 1st order implicit method를 사용하였고 난류모형으로는 κ-ε모형을 적용하였다.