본 고는 송대 문인들의 선진시기 금문과 각독에 대한 인식에 대한 논고이다. 특히 양송(兩宋)시대에 금석(金石) 연구가 활발 해지면서 송나라 사람들은 수많은 새로운 금석 자료들과 직면 하였다. 그러나 금문과 고문, 대전과 주문, 소전, 주조된 금문과 새긴 금문, 과두문 등 문자학과 서예에 관련된 내용들이 혼용 되거나 잘못 인식되었다. 본 논문에서는 이처럼 혼용되거나 잘 못 인식된 내용을 명확 하게 구분하고 이들의 차이점을 정리함을 목적으로 하였다. 그 러므로 예를 들어 금문의 주조하거나 새기는 과정과 특징을 기 술하였고, 각독을 서사하는 방식과 특징을 명확하게 구분 정리 하였다. 또한 고문(古文)과 금문, 전서, 대전, 주문, 소전 등의 서체에 대한 용어를 명확하게 제시하여 송대 문인들의 인식하 는 애용을 비판적으로 조망하였다. 결과적으로 본 논문은 서사 재료의 관점에서 시작하여 송나 라 사람들의 금문 필법에 대한 평가 기준과 미적 취향을 살펴 보고 이를 복원하여 판각된 고서에서 금문의 미학 원리와 규칙 및 미학적 함의 등을 심도 있게 탐구하였다.

The aim of this study was to produce a fermented rice bran extract with enhanced ferulic acid γ-oryzanol contents and high antioxidant activities. The ferulic acid content in the freeze-dried extract of rice bran treated with plantase PT enzyme, increased by 4.1-fold compared to that of untreated sample, the DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased by 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. The γ-oryzanol content of the dried powder prepared by inoculating Apergillus oryzae BOT1869 onto steamed rice bran for solid-state fermentation followed by extraction with 80% ethanol, increased 2.3-fold compared to that in an 80% ethanol extract powder of raw materials. The ABTS scavenging activity also increased 1.5-fold. When the ferulic acid content-enhanced extract and the γ-oryzanol content-enhanced extract of rice bran were mixed and subjected to liquid fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus BOT406 and then freeze-dried, the ferulic acid content of the extract powder increased about 3.0 times compared to that of original extract powder. In addition, its γ-oryzanol content increased about 1.5 times, the DPPH radical scavenging activity increased 1.4 times, and the ABTS radical scavenging activity increased 1.6 times.

Cool-season grasses are currently widely used in South Korea, but their productivity and quality may decline due to global warming associated with climate change. Warm-season grasses have shown greater adaptability to heat stress and drought conditions, making them potential alternatives for summer pasture establishment in central and southern Korea. This study aimed to compare the growth characteristics, productivity, and forage value of warm-season grasses bermudagrass and crabgrass for pasture establishment in the central region of South Korea. The experiment was conducted from May 2023 to October 2024 at the National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea. Crabgrass exhibited superior initial establishment and faster growth rates, whereas bermudagrass had poor initial growth, placing it at a competitive disadvantage against weeds. However, after the first cutting, bermudagrass successfully established itself and maintained a stable botanical composition. The annual dry matter productivity of crabgrass (8,586 kg/ha in 2023 and 12,013 kg/ha in 2024) was 32.62% and 40.18% higher, respectively, than that of bermudagrass (5,785 kg/ha in 2023 and 8,570 kg/ha in 2024). In forage value, crabgrass tended to show higher feed value at the initial harvest, while bermudagrass showed higher quality at the later harvests. In conclusion, these results suggest that both crabgrass and bermudagrass have potential for pasture establishment, with carbgrass being more suitable for short-term due to its rapid growth and high productivity, and bermudagrass being more appropriate for long-term due to its stable productivity in regions where overwintering in possible.

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of elapsed time after air flow cutoff on the germination rate of Italian ryegrass seed with different moisture contents during natural drying on reclaimed land, Jangheung and Kimje of Korea from 2023 to 2024, respectively. Seeds with moisture contents of 15.3, 22.3 and 28.0% were placed in vinyl bag (30 × 40 cm) at storage thicknesses of 10, 15, and 20 cm, and air flow was cutoff for 48 h. Seed moisture content, seed temperature (℃) and germination rate were investigated at 12-h intervals. After 48 h of airflow cutoff during natural drying, seed moisture content did not significantly differ among storage thickness treatment (p>0.05). When Italian ryegrass seeds with moisture contents of 27~28% were stored under conditions with air flow cutoff at 15~20cm thickness for 48 h, the seed temperature reached up to 30℃ and the germination rate was excellent at around 70~80%.

Wood ear mushroom (Auricularia heimuer) is one of the most popular mushrooms in Korea. Bacteria in the air can act as contaminants of mushroom media, mushroom pathogens, and sources of food poisoning in the indoor environment of mushroom cultivation houses. Therefore, cultivation houses require proper management to maintain mushroom production, quality and hygiene. This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of airborne bacterial species isolated from wood ear mushroom cultivation. Nine species of indoor-airborne bacteria were tested against wood ear mushroom cultivars using confrontation assay on PDA. Among 9 species, Bacillus subtilis DUCC18238 showed the strongest inhibition effect on the mycelial growth of nine wood ear mushroom cultivars and the inhibition rate for 7 of them was more than 30%. In addition, B. subtilis DUCC18238 inhibited the mycelial growth of 11 out of 18 wild mushroom species, 7 out of 8 phytopathogenic fungi, and 5 out of 5 Trichoderma species, respectively. The results of this study show that the management of airborne bacteria in the indoor environment of wood ear mushroom cultivation houses is necessary.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of natural drying methods on the moisture content and germination of Italian ryegrass seed in Jicheon reclaimed land, Jangheung, Korea, from 2023 to 2024. The natural drying methods tested included seed spread thicknesses of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 cm; seed reversal frequencies of 1, 2 and 3 times per day; and two reversal methods: seed-only reversal and complete mixing of seed with a dry mat. The thinner seed spread thickness significantly accelerated moisture content reduction(p<0.001). However, the reduction in moisture contents due to the number and method of seed reversal was minimal, approximately 1%. Seeds initially having around 48.9% moisture content required 2, 4 and 5 days to reach a moisture content of 14% when dried at spread thickness of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 cm, respectively. Seeds with an initial moisture content of 23-26% required 1 to 2 days to reach 14% moisture content while maintaining approximately 80% germination rate under the tested natural drying methods. When seeds with an initial moisture content of 48.9% were dried at a spread thickness of 2.5 cm, the germination rate was 74.6%, which was significantly lower than the 83.8 and 81.6% germination rates observed for seeds dried at 5.0 and 7.5 cm thickness, respectively(p<0.002). These results suggest that for faster drying and higher-quality Italian ryegrass seed, harvesting at 30% seed moisture content, utilizing the cultivation field as a seed drying place, and applying a seed spread thickness of 2.5 to 5.0 cm are optimal practices.

We developed a filling seal ring packing machine and carried out the conveying distance and container airtightness tests, and obtained the following results. As a result of testing whether the packaging paper is within 25mm of conveying distance and whether it is suitable for achieving the goal, the prototype with the target feeding distance of 23mm was shortened to 16.4mm for the right pavement line and 20.4mm for the left line, saving 80% compared to the existing one. As a result of the test of the automatic packaging machine for filling and sealing the air tightness of the container, it was confirmed that the air tightness was 100% maintained.

This study was conducted using mold heat. By developing the cleaning process technology, the production test was improved by twice, and the heat washing time reduction test and defect rate were also reduced. We designed an automatic production system for automatic heat torches and devised an automated continuous process system to improve the mold process. The production capacity test doubled the production rate of the product per 1 hour from the target of 500 to 1,040 per hour, and the heat cleaning time reduction test measured the time from the beginning of heat injection to the product sample during the production process and the end time, which shortened the development target of 5 seconds (sec) to 2.78 seconds (sec), and the defect rate was reduced to 4.25% as a result of the defect rate test. The system development of this project has doubled the production volume

This study was carried out to get information on the concentration and species of airborne fungi in wood ear mushroom (Auricularia heimuer) cultivation houses. Air samplings were conducted at three wood ear mushroom farms located in Iksan and Wando in 2022. Two out of the three cultivation houses exceeded the Ministry of Environment’s recommended indoor air quality standards for fungi concentration in multi-use facilities. A total of 12 genera and 15 species of airborne fungi were isolated and identified. There were species belonging to 6 genera at the genus level. Overall, the genus Cladosporium accounted for the majority with three species. Among the identified species, there were fungi that affect the human body, such as Aspergillus niger, Lichtheimia ramose, and Rhizomucor pusillus, as well as Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium ramotenellum, Cladosporium subuliforme, and Curvularia lunata, which cause diseases in plants. Penicillium brevicompactum was detected as a fungus affecting mushroom cultivation. This study is the first report in Korea on airborne fungi in wood ear cultivation houses and provides useful information for environmental hygiene management of cultivation houses.

본 연구는 정서가 어떻게 표상되고 그 구조가 어떠한지 파악하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이에 정서 영상에서 유발된 정서에 대해 웨어러블 기구 기반 EEG 반응이 어떻게 분류되고 표상되는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 참가자간 분류분석으로 참가자들 간의 정서 반응의 일관성을 확인하였다. 또한 분류분석의 결과로 도출된 정서 영상 별 정확 및 오분류를 오차행렬을 통해 기술하였다. 다음으로, 핵심정서 모델을 기반으로 EEG 데이터에 다차원척도 법을 적용하여 정서가 정서가와 각성가 두 가지 차원에서 어떻게 표상되는지 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 표상 유사성 분석을 통해 행동 데이터, 생리 측정 데이터, EEG 데이터 중 정서 차원을 가장 잘 설명하는 데이터가 무엇인지 확인하였다. 참가자간 분류분석 결과, 정서유형이 유의미하게 분류되었고 이는 EEG 데이터에 정서에 따라 참가자들 간 공유되는 패턴이 있음을 시사한다. 다차원척도법 결과, 정서 자극에 따른 EEG 데이터가 각성가 차원에서 표상이 잘 이루어졌다. 표상 유사성 분석 결과, 정서가 차원은 행동 데이터가, 각성가 차원은 EEG 데이터와 생리 측정 데이 터가 잘 설명하였다. 본 연구는 웨어러블 기구를 통해 측정된 영상 자극에 따른 EEG 데이터를 사용해 기존의 정서 이론과 부합하는 결과를 얻은 것에 의의가 있다.

Recently, high-rise residential buildings in Korea have adopted slender shear walls with irregular section shapes, such as T-shape, H-shape, and C-shape. In the seismic design of the slender shear walls, the transverse reinforcement for lateral confinement should be provided in the boundary elements to increase deformation capacity and subsequent ductility. However, in practice, the irregularity of the shear walls is not adequately considered, and the lateral confinement region is calculated for the rectangular wall segments. This study investigated the proper design method for lateral confinement regions using finite element analysis. The lateral confinement region was considered in analysis for two cases: 1) as a typical rectangular wall segment and 2) as an irregular wall. When the irregularity of the walls was considered, the compression zone depth was increased because the vertical reinforcement in the flange was addressed. The effect of lateral confinement design methods on the structural performance of the walls was directly compared under various design parameters, including the length of the flange, concrete compressive strength, vertical rebar layout, axial load ratio, and loading direction. According to the results of the parametric analysis, the peak strength and deformation capacity could be significantly increased when the lateral confinement region was calculated based on irregularly shaped walls, regardless of the design parameters. In addition, the effective compression zone was located within the lateral confinement region. Thus, it is recommended that the lateral confinement region of T-shaped walls is calculated by addressing the irregularity of the walls.

Mo-ODS alloys have excellent mechanical properties, including an improved recrystallization temperature, greater strength due to dispersed oxides, and the ability to suppress grain growth at high temperatures. In ODS alloys, the dispersed Y2O3 and added Ti form Y-Ti-O complex oxides, producing finer particles than those in the initial Y2O3. The complex oxides increase high-temperature stability and improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. In particular, the use of TiH2 powder, which is more brittle than conventional Ti, can enable the distribution of finer oxides than is possible with conventional Ti powder during milling. Moreover, dehydrogenation leads to a more refined powder size in the reduction process. This study investigated the refinement of Yi2Ti2O7 in a nano Mo-ODS alloy using TiH2. The alloy compositions were determined to be Mo-0.5Ti-0.5Yi2O3 and Mo-1.0Ti-0.5Yi2Oi2. The nano Mo-ODS alloys were fabricated using Ti and TiH2 to explore the effects of adding different forms of Ti. The sintered specimens were analyzed through X-ray diffraction for phase analysis, and the microstructure of the alloys was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Vickers hardness tests were conducted to determine the effect of the form of Ti added on the mechanical properties, and it was found that using TiHi2 effectively improved the mechanical properties.

안전은 해군과 같은 위험성이 높은 환경에서 활동하는 조직에게 필수적이다. 효과적인 안전관리는 지속적인 개선과 보완을 통 해 유지되어야 하며, PDCA cycle을 활용하는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만 해군에서는 안전 규정 강화와 교육 확대에도 불구하고 안전사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이는 안전사고 분석 및 분류 시스템 개선의 필요성을 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 해군 안전사고 분류체계를 분 석하고 문제점을 파악하여 효과적인 분류체계를 구축하는데 중점을 두었다. 이를 통해 안전사고 결과를 데이터화하고, 사고의 근본 원인 을 파악하며, 중장기적인 안전관리 정책 수립에 기여할 수 있도록 12자리의 해군 안전사고 분류 코드를 제안하였다.

본 연구는 유통 주류의 당류 함량 및 저칼로리 감미료 의 사용 실태를 조사하고자 탁주 10건, 약주 6건, 청주 5 건, 맥주 5건, 과실주 12건, 소주 5건, 일반증류주 5건, 리 큐르 9건, 기타주류 15건을 수거하여 총 72건을 검사하였 다. 당류와 알룰로스는 HPLC-RI로 분석하였고 감미료 5 종은 HPLC-UV와 LC-MSMS를 이용하였다. 전체 주류의 당류 평균함량은 4.13±5.16 g/100 g 이었으며, 유형별로는 발효주(탁주, 약주, 청주, 맥주, 과실주) 0.00-8.92 g/100 g, 증류주(소주, 일반증류주, 리큐르) 0.00-30.55 g/100 g, 기타 주류는 0.14-17.02 g/100 g의 분포를 보였다. 당류의 함량이 가장 높은 유형은 리큐르로 평균 검출 농도가 100 g 당 12.41±9.66 g였다. 저칼로리 감미료의 함량은 아세설팜칼륨 28.6-121.5 mg/kg, 사카린나트륨 42.3 mg/kg, 아스파탐 34.1- 141.5 mg/kg, 수크랄로스 23.3-88.1 mg/kg로 나타났으며 사이 클라메이트와 알룰로스는 모든 주류에서 검출되지 않았다. 72건의 주류 중 24건에서 감미료가 검출되었으며, 검출된 감미료 사용량은 모두 식품첨가물 기준 이내였다.

Molten salt reactors represent a promising advancement in nuclear technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and reduced nuclear waste. However, the development of structural materials that can survive under severe corrosion environments is crucial. In the present work, pure Ni was deposited on the surface of 316H stainless steel using a directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study aimed to fabricate pure Ni alloy layers on an STS316H alloy substrate. It was observed that low laser power during the deposition of pure Ni on the STS316H substrate could induce stacking defects such as surface irregularities and internal voids, which were confirmed through photographic and SEM analyses. Additionally, the diffusion of Fe and Cr elements from the STS316H substrate into the Ni layers was observed to decrease with increasing Ni deposition height. Analysis of the composition of Cr and Fe components within the Ni deposition structures allows for the prediction of properties such as the corrosion resistance of Ni.

모기류는 흡혈을 통해 원충, 바이러스, 사상충 등 다양한 병원체를 보유하며 말라리아, 일본뇌염, 웨스트나일열, 뎅기열 등을 사람에게 매 개하는 위해성이 있는 위생해충이다. 이번 연구에서는 해외유입 모기류 감시를 위해 경상남도 고성군에 스마트 고공포집기를 설치하여 2022년 부터 2023년까지 모기류들을 모니터링하였다. 조사기간 동안, 총 3속 5종 43개체가 채집되었으며, 이중 삼일열말라리아를 매개하는 벨렌얼룩날 개모기(Anopheles belenrae)를 경남 지역에서 처음으로 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 스마트 고공포집기를 통해 해외에서 유입가능한 모 기류에 대한 실시간 모니터링이 가능함을 확인하였다.