최근 벚나무에 벚나무깍지벌레에 의한 피해가 증가하여 친환경적인 방제제로서 곤충병원성 곰팡이인 Beauveria bassiana ARP14를 검증하였다. 경북 안동시 안동대학교 캠퍼스 내 벚나무에서 벚나무깍지벌레의 감염율을 조사하고, 벚나무의 연령을 추정하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 곤충병원성 곰팡이의 살충력을 확인하 기 위해 약충의 이동성이 가장 활발한 4월 말부터 5월 중순까지 벚나무깍지벌레에 감염된 가지를 채집하여 23°C 의 항온기에 보관하면서 두 가지 곤충병원성 곰팡이(ARP14, AAD16)를 살포하여 살충제(스피로테트라맛 액상 수화제) 처리구와 살충률을 비교하였다. 그 결과 대조구(물처리)보다 곤충병원성 곰팡이를 살포한 가지에서 약충의 개체 수가 더 감소하였으나, 살충제를 처리한 가지에서 보다는 약충의 수가 많았다. 따라서 가로수로 많이 식재된 벚나무 해충 방제시 일어날 수 있는 사람에 대한 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 친환경 방제제로서 곤충병 원성 곰팡이를 사용할 수 있을 것이다.
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the world-wide agriculture pest and has the ability to become resistant to many pesticides. Hence, we conducted behavioral tests on apterous and alate aphids for series compounds from natural products by using a two-choice test, a no-choice test, a host choice test and electroantennography (EAG). As a result, we found 3 out of 30 compounds for apterous aphids and 2 out of 15 compounds for alate aphids, both of which showed powerful repellent effects on these aphids. In this study, we suggest that our findings could be useful and eco-friendly spatial repellents for controlling cotton aphid.
The genus Norbanus Walker 1843 (Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) consists of 38 species distributed worldwide. Among them, 13 species have been described from the West and Central Palaearctic (Noyes 2003). Norbanus is one of several pteromalid genera that shares the character of a narrow spicula on the clava. In Korea, only one species in the genus Norbanus is recorded. In this study, we report Norbanus meridionalis for the first time in South Koera. We provided description and diagonostic illustration of Norbanus meridionalis.
The genus Brachydeutera Loew, 1862 is a small group of acalyptratae flies belonging to the subfamily Ephydrinae in the family Ephydridae. Up to now, 16 described species have been recorded worldwide, and although it occurs in all fauna regions, it is most diverse in the subtropics and tropics, particularly in Africa and Asia. This genus is recorded for the first time in the Korean fauna based on the discovery of a nominated species, Brachydeutera meridionalis (Rondani, 1856). Diagnoses, figures of morphological features, and an ecological photograph of the firstly recorded species are provided herein.
Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious crop pest with a long-distance migratory flight. To date, the DNA barcode region has been widely used in genetic diversity analysis studies of Spodoptera litura. However, the DNA barcode region showed maximum variation rate of S. litura, which from 18 regions in South Korea, was 0.608% (nine haplotypes) in previous study. In this study, four mitochondrial genes (ND4, ND4L, ND1, 16s rRNA) have higher intra-specific variation rates than the DNA barcode region. Among the four genes, The variation rate of the 16s rRNA region was confirmed to be a minimum of 0.203% (2bp) and a maximum of 1.824% (18bp). Finally, the 16s rRNA region with the highest PCR amplification efficiency and highest variation rate was selected as a high-efficiency molecular marker.
The genus Margarinotus Marseul, 1854 is one of the highly diverse groups of Histeridae (Histerinae), consisting more than 100 described species in the world. About 80 species are known to distributed in Palaearctic region, among them, 11 species have been reported from Korea. In this study, we report a new species, Margarinotus pseudoboleti sp. nov. and a new record, Margarinotus yezoensis Ôhara from Korea. Also, we provide a revised taxonomic key for Korean Margarinotus, including above two species and images of adults.
The Eurytoma appendigaster species-group is a second large group within the genus Eurytoma Illiger found in the Palearctic region. This group comprises 44 species by Zerova, but in Korea, only one species, E. appendigaster (Swederus), has been previously reported. They are well-known for their predation on phytophagous insects, mainly the genus Tetramesa which is belonged to the family Eurytomidae and associated with grasses (Poaceae). In this study, we report seven species of the appendigaster species-group from Korea for the first time. Also, key to Korean species of appendigaster species-group and photos of diagnostic characteristics are provided.
Pseudopomyzidae (Diptera: Nerioidea) is rare and a small family of dark-colored acalyptrate flies, comprising 24 extant species in eight genera and two fossil species in a single genus. To date, only one species Pseudopomyza atrimana (Meigen, 1830) has been recorded in the Korean Peninsula. This study reports the first Korean records of the family Pseudopomyzidae, with two genera and two species, Polypathomyia stackelbergi Krivosheina, 1979 and Tenuia smirnovi Shatalkin, 1995. A key to Korean Pseudopomyzidae is provided with morphological diagnosis and illustrations of habitus and genital structures of males.
Currently 41 valid species of the Pholcus phungiformes-group (Araneae: Pholcidae) have been known from Korea. In this study, four new species of this species-group were discovered from Gangwon-do and eastern Chungcheongbuk-do. These new species have common characteristics with Pholcus socheunensis, such as broad and membranous prolateral process and strongly curved pseudoappendix in male palp. The female of Pholcus montanus in the original description is the misidentification of a new species. Brief diagnosis, photographs and a distribution map of the new species and P. socheunensis with discussion on their sympatric distribution are provided.
The genus Conicera Meigen is a group of necrophagous phorid flies mostly associated with carrion, including C. tibialis, commonly known as the “coffin fly” that breeds in buried corpses. In this study, specimens of the Conicera species collected from South Korea are examined morphologically on the basis of characteristics on male antennae, sensory organ on midfemora, and left and right surstyli on hypopygium. As a result, five species, viz. C. dauci, C. gracilis, C. orientalis, C. pacifica, C. quadrata are newly recorded from South Korea. Photographs of diagnostic characters, a distribution map and a key to males of South Korean species are provided.
In Korea, both Sympetrum depressiusculum Sélys, 1841 (Odonata: Libellulidae) and Sympetrum frequens Sélys, 1883 are recorded. However, the identity of Korean populations and the validity of listing the two species have not yet been settled. In this study, we collected 74 individuals from Kroea, Russia, the Netherlands, and Japan. These were sequenced for COI, 16S rRNA, and ITS region. Major morphological characters and phylogenetic, network, and structure analyses all consistently suggest that Korean populations form a single species. Consequently, it could be valid to treat Korean populations as one species, S. depressiusculum, by applying the senior name.
The members of genus Donacia are aquatic leaf beetles in the subfamily Donaciinae. Their larvae feed on submerged portions of aquatic plants and adults live on surface parts of the same plants. This genus includes 6 species belonging to 2 subgenera in the Korean Peninsula, of which there have been questions about the record of D. (Donacomima) japana. Chûjô and Goecke (1956) described a new species, D. japana, based on specimens collected in Japan and Korea (Unggi, Hamgyeongbuk-do), and Hayashi (2020) stated that records of this species from Korea and NE China may be misidentification of D. aquatica (Linnaeus, 1758). In this study, as a result of comparing specimens collected in South Korea (Gwangneung, Gyeonggi-do) with descriptions of D. japana, male genitalia (Hayashi, 2020) and gene sequences of COI region, we conclude that records of D. japana replace with D. aquatica in the Korean Peninsula, and D. japana is endemic to Japan.
In the genus Acrobasis Zeller, 1839, there are 14 species known in Korea. In this study, we present Acrobasis rubrizonella (Ragonot, 1893) and Acrobasis subceltifoliella Yamanaka, 2006 from Korea for the first time. We hear provide diagnoses, descriptions, and images of the adults and genitalia of the two species.
The genus Halictus Latreille, 1804 and Seladonia Robertson, 1918 are nearly cosmopolitan group, consisting of more than 206 described species worldwide except Antarctica region. In previous taxonomic and phylogenetic research, this genus regarded as a sister group of genus Halictus. In this study, a total of two genera seven species were reviewed from Korean peninsula (three Halictus, four Seladonia) with three new records (Halictus hedini hedini, Seladonia confusa, S. henanensis). A key to species and images of adult are provided.
Goniaceritae is the most speciose supertribe of the subfamily Pselaphinae with more than 3,000 species worldwide. Brachyglutini is the only tribe within New Zealand Goniaceritae, comprised of 8 genera. Physobryaxis Hetschko is monotypic genus of the subtribe Brachyglutina. Although the adults of P. inflatus is close to the members of genus Gastrobothrus Broun, 1882, it is characterized by median antebasal fovea and antebasal sulcus on pronotum. In this study, we report six species of Physobryaxis examining 21 specimens. Illustrations of the habitus, diagnostic characters including male genitalia, and key to the species are also provided. Additionally, we present a distributional map divided into areas based on Crosby’s code.
Discheramocephalus Johnson was first described from the Solomon Islands as monotypic genus. According to recent studies, this genus comprised 19 species from Afrotropical, Australasian, Indomalayan, and Neotropical realms. These ranges of distribution suggest that Discheramocephalus is pantropical genus. In this study, we describe a Discheramocephalus species from Korea and report a species new to the Palearctic realm. Illustrations of habitus, genital characters and collection localities, a distributional map, and a checklist of the genus Discheramocephalus are also provided.
Beetles are one of the most effective transportation for phoretic chelicerata. They use various methods to attach themselves to their hosts, such as developing ventral sucker plates, grasping with their claws and chelicerae, or hiding beneath the elytra. Recently, we discovered new species of two genera: Antennoseius (Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) and Gaeolaelaps (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) which are hiding under the elytra of Carabidae hosts. In this study, digital images of the beetles, and mites, along with brief diagnostic information and line-drawing plates will be provided.
The family Erebidae is acknowledged as a highly diverse group in Lepidoptera. The genus Ischyja Hübner, 1823 has been known from India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, and Sundaland, predominantly in the old world tropic region. This research presents identification of two species, which have been in Vietnam for the first time. With these new findings, the total number of Ischyja species has increased to four. We present a checklist of them, including descriptions and illustrations of the newly recorded species.
The subfamily Pselaphinae is one of the largest groups in the family Staphylinidae. Pselaphine beetles consists of 6 supertribes. The supertribe Faronitae consists of 30 genera worldwide, with 14 genera in Australia and New Zealand. While examining faronite specimens, we separated 366 specimens that did not belong to any known faronite genera. Species of this genus can be separated from other faronite genera by the foveal system, features of the aedeagus, and collection localities which are only collected in the southern part of Australia. Through this study, we describe seven new species and three new combinations that previously belonged to the genus Sagola.
Cryptotympana atrata belongs to the family Cicadidae, has long been recognized as a damaging plant-sucking pest, and is distributed in East Asian countries. In addition, their cries cause direct harm to us through noise pollution and also reported twig damage in the forest environments. In this study, we isolated strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium that occurred from C. atrata collected this year. Here, we provide the morphological character and molecular phylogenetic relationship of this species. This is the first record of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium viridulum isolated from C. atrata in Korea and provides a candidate strain with potential use for biological agents.