The Ponciri fructus immaturus (Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque) has been used in oriental medicine for uterinecontraction, stomachache, abdominal distension and cardiovascular diseases. Two main compounds, poncirin and naringinwere successfully analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carried out method validation accordingto ICH guideline. A successful resolution and retention times were obtained with a C18 reversed phase column, at an 1㎖min−¹ flow rate, with a gradient elution of a mixture of methanol, water and acetonitrile. Poncirin and naringin showed goodlinearity (R²>0.999) in relatively wide concentration ranged. The recovery of each compound was 95.81~101.48% withR.S.D. values less than 1.0%. The application of ultrasound-assisted extraction was shown to be more efficient in extractingponcirin and naringin from Ponciri fructus immaturus. The predicted optimal poncirin and naringin yield were poncirin2.15%, naringin 1.65% under an extraction temperature of 40℃, an extraction time of 10 min in a solvent of 70% methanol.
In the research, there were seismically strengthened reinforced concrete composite columns by applying Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites(SHCC). The seismic performance of SHCC-RC composite columns were studied by the concepts of seismic performance-based design approaches as well as with experiments.
Recently, the rotational solar tracker system is presented for the high electric efficiency. The horizontal rotation tracker is the structure for rotationg horizontally the most important part. However, it is difficult to secure the safety and maintenance in solar tracker systems. Therefore, this study suggests the reasonable structure type for horizontal rotational solar tracker through the strength reinforcement of the structure to ensure stability.
Traditional ancient tomb is blocked from outside air by the original role of the structure. However, recently at the structure has been excavated and robbed, it is in a state of being opened. It is not easy to prevent durability reduction of structure member according to the opened state. To this end, This study perforns the behavior characteristics evaluation according to durability reduction of traditional ancient tomb.
Typically low-rise dormitory designed bearing wall system. So, insulated concrete sandwich panel for the application of a rigid frame structure was changed. This study presents field application of insulated concrete sandwich panel through applying Test-Bed.
도계량을 현재의 2배까지 증가시킬 예정인 닭 가공 업체인 A사의 생물학적 처리조를 대상으로 하여 처리효율을 2배까지 높이는 방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 MLSS 농도가 증가할 경우 이에 따른 유기물 및 질소 제거 효율 증가에 대한 근거를 확보하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 연구는 닭 가공 폐수를 1차 화학 처리한 가압부상처리수를 대상으로 진행되었으며 SBR 형태로 진행되어 호기조 상태 25시간 운전 후, 무산소조 상태 5시간으로 운전되었다. MLSS 12,700mg/L로 진행된 실험 결과 호기조 상태 25시간 이내에 질산화가 완벽하게 일어났으며 C/N비 3:1 이상 실험군에서의 탈질 효율도 90%를 초과하였다. 후에 진행된 MLSS 농도 대비 유기물 및 질소 제거 효율 비교에서는 MLSS 농도를 5,600에서 12,700mg/L까지 변화시켰으며 MLSS 농도 10,800mg/L 실험군에서 유기물과 총 질소 농도 모두 배출허용기준치를 만족하는 결과를 보였다.
Since organized living cooperative associations sold their environment-friendly agricultural products directly to independent consumers in the past, the general distribution channels such as wholesalers had difficulty in handling these products. However, the ratio of distribution via wholesale channel has been gradually increased as consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products has expanded. This study is to address vitalization of wholesale distribution for environmentfriendly agricultural products by gathering previous statistical data and analysis. In addition, statistical analysis are conducted by utilizing surveys on forwarders, consumers for environment-friendly agricultural products. As a result, the products producers ship are distributed through dealers at producers sites, producers cooperatives, or food process companies, food companies, internet shopping malls, large-scale distribution companies, consumer groups such as living cooperative associations, direct outlets at consumers sites, or exports. Among the channels, the large-scale distribution companies and franchised special shops account for 47%, the general supermarkets 15.7%, and living cooperative associations 14.6% respectively. By utilizing the research results on producers and consumers, and the distribution weight by channels for environment-friendly agricultural products, the distribution channels for living cooperative associations, wholesale markets, and large scale distribution companies are compared and evaluated. As a result, the level of producers’ and consumers’ satisfaction for them is the lowest since the low selling price for producers and high distribution margins.
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer within a learning period. A total of 86 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer between January 2010 and December 2011 were investigated retrospectively. The patients were sorted into the early and late group; 43 patients were included in each group. Patient’s clinicopathologic features, perioperative outcomes, morbidity, and mortality were evaluated. The two groups showed similar operative results in terms of operation time, conversion rate to open surgery (16% vs 7%, p=0.313), and the rate of postoperative complication (34.9% vs 37.2%, p=0.313). The most serious complication, anastomotic leak, developed in five and four patients in the early and late group, respectively. Hemoglobin change, which means blood loss indirectly was lower in late phase and was statistically significant (2.3g/dL vs. 1.7g/dL, p=0.007). No difference in TNM stage and number of retrieved lymph nodes (19.2±11.9 vs 18.7±12.7, p=0.847) was observed between the two groups. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer can be performed safely and effectively even during a learning period, if the operation is performed carefully.
Quality of GHG emission from solid waste disposal depends on level of activity data. Activity data of solid wastedisposal is mass of waste disposal and waste composition. Waste composition is one of the main factors influencingemissions from solid waste disposal. According to GHG target management in Korea, uncertainty of activity datadetermined by level of tier. We suggest minimum sample number for analysis of waste composition. In result, we suggestto revise the guideline for GHG target management that minimum sample number for analysis of waste compositionmust be over 73 times during 3 years for total uncertainty of waste composition must be less than or equal to 7.5%(Tier 1 level).
김정호의 「청구도범례」에서 고지도의 경우 동서남북으로 나누어 작성하였지만 만약 상하·좌우에 약간의 차이가 있다고 하여 전체 지도를 비난하는 것이 아니란 지적을 통해 현재 고지도를 보는 시각에 대한 올바른 방법이라고 생각한다. 독도, 우산도는 울릉도 동남쪽에 있다. 「청구도범례」에 따르면 고지도상의 ‘우산도’의 경우 동쪽이나 동북쪽에 그려진 것은 이해할 수 있지만 서쪽이나 북쪽, 남쪽에 그려진 것은 우산도의 위치가 잘못된 것이다. 왜 그런 고지도가 나왔을까? 그 이유에 대해 해명하기 위해 이 글이 작성되었다. 『세종실록』 「지리지」와 『신증동국여지승람』의 우산도·무릉도 설명을 통해 우산도는 무 인도임을 정확히 인식하였다고 보아야 한다. 울릉도가 울진에 가깝지만 우산을 먼저 들고 울릉도를 뒤에 기록한 것은 우산이 무인도임을 알았기 때문에 적을 것이 없어 먼저 기록하고, 울릉도에서 양자의 관계를 적을 수밖에 없는 사정 때문에 그러한 서술이 이루어진 것으로 볼 수 있다. ‘우산’, ‘무릉’을 순차적으로 기록한 것이 고지도상 본토와 울릉도 사이에 ‘우산도’를 표기하게 된 요인이 되었을 것이다. 울릉도 동(남)쪽에 ‘우산도’를 표기한 지도는 1693년 이후에 안용복이 울릉도와 독도를 건너간 이후 ‘울릉도쟁계’ 발생 이후, 1694년 장한상이 울릉도에 파견된 이후에 수토제가 확립되면서 주로 18세기 이후에 제작된 지도에 나온다. 조선 초기의 경우 주로 강원도에서 울를도와 독도를 드나들었지만 조선후기의 경우 경상도, 전라도 지역의 동남해연안민들이 울릉도와 독도에 드나들었다. 그들은 울릉도의 동북방 에 ‘우산도’가 있다고 생각하였다. 그런 인식을 가진 사람들이 많았기 때문에 조선후기 고지도에서 울릉도 동북방에 ‘우산도’를 표시하는 지도가 나온다는 것을 염두에 두어야 한다. ‘우산도’가 표기된 지도를 두고 ‘독도’라고들 한다. 특히 울릉도 동쪽에 그려진 ‘우산도’ 는 독도임이 당연하다고 주장한다. 그렇지만 울릉도 동쪽에 그려진 ‘소위우산도 ’는 독도 가 아니라 댓섬(죽도)이다. 영조때 강원도감사 조최수의 주기가 담긴 ‘우산도’는 ‘소위우산 도’를 빼고 ‘우산도’라고 하였고, 광활하다고 하였다. 이 주기가 담긴 ‘우산도’도 댓섬일 것이다.
Collected germplasms of five representative species belonging to Curcuma genus (C. longa, C. aromatica, C.zedoaria, C. phaeocaulis and C. kwangsiensis) were 52 samples from different farmhouse in Korea and China. To elucidatethe genetic diversity among the species, 52 samples were analyzed by genomic fingerprinting method using amplified frag-ment length polymorphism (AFLP). AFLP results of 6 primer combinations were revealed 643 total DNA fragments and349 polymorphic bands with the 54.3% ratio of polymorphism. In the analysis of coefficient similarity using unweight pairgroup method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), 52 Curcuma germplasm lines were ranged from 0.60 to 0.99 and clus-tered distinct five groups according to the species and collected geographical levels. However, the result of principal coordi-nate analysis (PCA) by multi-variate analysis was shown significantly greater differences among species than geographicalorigins based on AFLP profiling data of these samples.
The tomb structure has the different shapes under the influence of vertical load and earth pressure. So, the behavior characteristics analysis of structural member is important. But, it is not easy to analyze the structural system of tomb structure because of the various construction conditions. To this end, this study evaluates the behavior characteristics considering the location and soil thickness for design variables.