암반사면을 안전하고 효과적으로 해석하기 위해서 암반의 역학적 특성을 면밀하게 조사해야 한다. 하지만 클리노미터를 사용한 절리조사의 한계점으로 인해 이를 보완한 새로운 측정법의 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 절리방향의 특성을 분석하기 위해 절리의 방향성을 현장에 적용할 수 있는 절리조사 측정장비를 개발하였다. 개발된 측정장비는 해석 소프트웨어와 하드웨어로 구분된다. 하드웨어는 암반 절리 방향성을 측정하는 측정모듈, 측정자료를 전송하는 전송모듈로 구성되었다. 소프트웨어는 측정모듈을 통해 얻은 데이터로부터 절리의 방향성을 분석하기 위해 개발하였으며 Drone Joint Orientation Survey Measurement로 명명하였다. 개발된 측정장비는 접근이 어려운 지역 등 조사자가 측정할 수 없는 경우에 현장적용성이 양호하며 절리의 방향성에 대한 실내시험결과를 효과적으로 분석할 수 있었다.

This study aimed to provide fundamental data for enlargement strategy of Ramsar site through the analysis of designation properties about 22 sites which has been registered for 20 years since Yongneup (Mt. Daeam) was designated as the first Ramsar site in Korea. Designation properties were analyzed on the basis of Ramsar Information Sheet and ecological properties was mainly analyzed in relation to designation criteria. Designation of Ramsar wetland was concentrated before and after Changwon Congress in 2008 and in terms of area 11 sites are below 1 ㎢ and 5 sites are above 10 ㎢. The average number of applied designation criteria was 2.86 and Criterion 2 (threaten species), Criterion 1 (representativeness and rareness of wetland type) and Criterion 3 (biodiversity) are mainly applied. In terms of protection species, internationally recognized species were 18 species on IUCN redlist, 12 species on CITES and 13 species on CMS, and nationally recognized species were 76 species on endangered species designated by Ministry of Envirionment, 83 speceis on national redlist and 71 speceis on endemic species respectively

Background : Bokbonja the Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit derived product, which is native to Korea. They contain potential anti-aging, anti-oxidants, depurative activities. Bokbonja refers to an immature berry of Rubus coreanus in the Korean pharmacopeia, Rubus chingii in Chinese pharmacopeia. Recently several Rubus species are available in the Korean drug markets which could easily find their way into drug prescriptions. Methods and Results : Hence we tried to detect the presence of these contaminating species in bokbonja products using SNP marker assisted by multi-plex PCR. We found a SNP region in the 26S region of these species and evaluated their potential to discriminate Rubus species. We designed a set of primer pairs such as, BokR primer has distinguished R.coreanus by producing a band at 852 bp and the primer sanF has differentiated R. crataegifolius by amplifying a band at 129 bp, while chiF has produced a band at 83 bp to distinguish R.chingii. These primer pairs effectively distinguished the bokbonja samples collected from various local markets as well as form drug store in Korea as well. The results were shocking as the bokbonja (R.coreanus) has a limited usage in Korea and either R. crataegifolius or R.chingii has been found in these samples. Taken together the primer pairs bokR, sanF, chiF along with 26S universal primers could effectively distinguish Rubus species in a single multiplex PCR reaction. Conclusion : Our results based on the 26S rDNA derived SNP region have shown that, the usage of R. coreanus is extremely limited and its often mistaken or adulterated with R. crataegifolius and R. chingii. It presses a panic situation in Korean peninsula to preserve bokbonja and the species R.coreanus which is endemic and superior in efficacy.

바이오매스는 지속가능한 에너지원의 일종으로 다양한 공정에 따라 바이오 에탄올, 바이오 디젤, 바이오 가스 등으로 회수하여 석유자원의 대체제로 사용 가능하다. 그 중 목질계 바이오매스는 주로 셀룰로오스, 헤미셀룰로오스, 리그닌으로 이루어져 있으며, 셀룰로오스는 바이오 에탄올 등의 연료화를 통해 이용되고 있으나, 리그닌의 경우 펄프 공정 내 부산물로 여겨져 단순 연소를 통한 열에너지원으로서의 역할을 하고 있다. 하지만 리그닌은 자연에서 가장 많이 존재하는 페놀성 고분자 화합물의 일종으로, 이를 이용한 페놀 수지, 에폭시 수지, 접착제 등의 화학약품화 및 탄소섬유로 소재화하는 등의 리그닌 부가가치화 연구사례가 많아지고 있다. 본 연구 대상인 폐목재는 2015년 기준 연간 약 170만 톤이 발생하고 있으며 약 70%가 재활용되어지고 있으나, 3등급 폐목재의 경우 가공과정에서 페인트, 기름, 방부제, 접착제 등 다량의 불순물이 함유되어 재활용 시 많은 제약을 두고 있다. 이러한 폐목재의 특성을 고려한 재활용 방안에 대한 연구의 필요성이 존재한다. 본 연구는 3등급 폐목재를 대상으로 organosolv 전처리법을 이용한 최적 리그닌 분해 조건 도출 및 UF/NF 멤브레인 시스템 적용을 통한 폐목재 내 목적으로 하는 분자량을 가진 리그닌의 고순도 분리 추출을 목적으로 하고 있다. 또한 분리된 리그닌의 FT-IR, NMR, TGA 분석을 통해 폐목재 리그닌의 재활용 가능성을 검토해보고자 한다.

기존 골조구조물의 횡 변위 조절이 가능한 댐퍼 시스템을 개발하기 위한 목적으로 상세개발 및 성능실험을 실시하였다. 개발 상세는 기둥간 보의 변형을 방지하기 위하여 고안된 ALD및 층간변위를 제어하기 위하여 고안된 AWD로 구분되며, 기존 연구결과의 비보강 BF를 비교대상으로 사용하였다. 파괴양상, 하중-변위 곡선, 포락선, 최대강도, 강성저하 및 에너지 소산능력 등을 비교 평가하였으며, ALD 및 AWD 의 내진보강효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 아라미드 시트로 기둥을 구속하는 공법이 내진성능 향상에 매우 우수함을 확인하였다.

Background : Oplopanax elatus, comnonly called Asian devil’s club, is distributed in the northern high mountains of the Korean peninsula, northeastern China, and southeastern Russia. Its root is traditionally used to treat asthma, depressive states, chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypertension, neurasthenia, hypopiesis, schizophrenia, cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, impotence, emaciation, hypotension cough, rheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, and wounds. Plant cell and tissue culture techniques for the mass production of adventitious roots in suspension culture allows a high proliferation rate, stable accumulation rate, and production of valuable compounds. Methods and Results : The plants were cultured on 1/4 MS medium with 1% sucrose and 1% plant agar for 3 month and they transferred to pot. The pots were contained of soil, soil + pelite (1 : 1), and soil + sand (1 : 1), respectively. The plants were measured plant length, leaf length, and leaf number. The number of leaves have represented as similar result of 7.44 ± 1.34 ㎝ in soil and 7.56 ± 1.26 ㎝ on soil + pelite. The 3.22 ± 0.53 ㎝ of plant length and the 6.57 ± 0.51 ㎝ of leaves length were highest on soil. Conclusion : The survival rate depending on soil types of Oplopanax elatus was confirmed to exist in these cases of soil and soil+pelite. However, they all died in condition of soil+vermiculite. The number of leaves have no difference and the length of plant and the length of leaves were longest on soil.

Background : Anemarrhena asphodeloides has efficacy such as anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, Anti-UV etc. Metal nanoparticles are used for photo imaging, cancer resection and drug delivery etc in medical field. Therefore A. asphodeloides nanoparticles will be expected better efficacy for therapeutic properties in medical field. Methods and Results : The water extract of A. asphodeloides mediated the synthesis of Aa-AgNPs and Aa-AuNPs. Their characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FE-TEM, EDX spectroscopy, SAED pattern, DLS size analysis, XRD analysis, and FTIR analysis. Both Aa-Ag/AuNPs were evaluated for cytotoxicity towards 3T3-L1, A549, HT29 and MCF7. Aa-AgNPs and Aa-Au NPs were found to be spherical, face-centered cubic nanocrystals with hydrodynamic diameter of 190 and 258 ㎚. In vitro cytotoxic analysis revealed that up to 50 ㎍/㎖-1 concentration Aa-Au NPs did not exhibit any toxicity on 3T3-L1, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines, while being specifically cytotoxic to A549 cell line. On the contrary, Aa-Ag NPs displayed a significantly higher toxicity in all cell lines specially MCF7 cell line. ROS generation was not affected by Aa-Au NPs, but Aa-AgNPs has a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in A549 cells than HT29 and MCF7 cells. Aa-Au NPs have the potential for anticancer agent during lung cancer treatment. Aa-AgNPs is also exhibited to inhibit cell migration by induce oxidatie stress. Conclusion : The Aa-Au/AgNPs might have the anticancer potential and might be effective in the lung cancer therapy, however further evaluation is must needed.

가상현실은 현재 게임 산업에서 가장 주목하는 기술 중 하나다. 그럼에도 불구하고 가상현실 기술 자체가 극복해야 할 문제점과 시장가능성에 대한 의문으로 게임 산업에서 이에 대한 투자가 활발히 이루어지기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가상현실 게임 시장의 미래 가능성을 다각도로 타진해보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 과거부터 현재까지 국내의 게임시장 발전 양상을 살펴보고, 시나리오네트워크매핑(SNM)을 활용하여 이해관계자 구조를 통한 미래예측을 시도하였다. 그 결과는 장·단기적 미래전망을 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 가상현실 게임 산업의 핵심이 될 이해관계자들에게 필요할 활동과 전략에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다는 데 공헌점이 있다.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of surface characteristic of GFRP rebar on concrete-reinforcement bond behavior. For sample preparation, 10 GFRP rebar with two types of surface conditions were used to fabricate 15×15×15cm sized GFRP reinforced concrete. Then, pull-out test was carried out on each concrete samples until the maximum bond strength was achieved. From the test result, it was found that the maximum bond strength at the lattice type is 1.38 times higher than that for unidirectional surface.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the boundary condition of the joint members in the multi-span greenhouse. It is carried out that experiments for the rotational stiffness of the joint members used in both the field and the standards of the greenhouse constructions.

This paper presents the basic data for the structural safety study of the extension wall by evaluating the bending stresses of the existing and extension walls varying according to the plan change of the extension building through the numerical analysis on the horizontal load as follows: 1) the stress variation of the divided wall when the wall opening due to a partial demolition is evaluated by comparing the result of analysis on whether or not the opening of the bearing wall is demolished as a variable; 2) the stress variation of the existing wall due to the increase of the stiffness of the extension wall is also evaluated by comparing the result of analysis on the thickness of the extension wall as a variable.

This paper analyzed design bearing capacities of pile foundations strengthened by pre-loading method for vertical expansion. The bearing capacities were investigated for two different pre-loading strategies: (1) after partial removals of structural/non-structural elements (e.g. finish, masonry wall etc.); and (2) after vertical expansions. Based on the numerical studies, more than 60% of the existing piles exceeded the design bearing capacities due to the difference of pre-loading strategies, which should be considered in structural design.

In this study, seismic strengthening method using precast concrete rocking wall is considered in the literature studies. As a result of reviewing the two studies, it is considered necessary to develop a sequential study on development of lightweight precast wall panel, application of post-tension method, and development of location and shape of energy dissipation devices.

In this study, the seismic retrofitting effect of existing frame was evaluated. The strength and energy dissipation capacities of three reinforcement methods were evaluated based on the existing literatures. In the case of strength and energy dissipation capacity, it was evaluated that reinforcing effect of specimen reinforced with damper by installing K brace inside the frame was excellent. Also, it was evaluated that there is an effect of seismic reinforcement in the external retrofitting case. Therefore, proper seismic retrofit planning is expected to ensure the seismic safety of buildings.

This study examined structural behaviors of grout filled composite steel tube member, since grout-filled steel tube can improve its structural load resistance from enhancing strength, stiffness, and confining effect. To evaluated the effect of grout filling in the steel tube on its structural behaviors and strength, grout-filled steel tube specimens were fabricated and lateral loading tests were conducted. From lateral loading tests, their lateral loading resistance and stiffness were examined.

The present study aims to propose a corrosion detection method using a optical fiber sensor coated with a thin iron film. To evaluate the detection accuracy using the proposed method, 2 typed iron film with thicknesses of 100, 200 nm were used to monitor the reflectivity from corroded iron film via light source injection and the measurement was conducted in air, salt water, mortar packed conditions. As a result, it was found that the thickness of iron film is more sensitive to change in the reflectivity than the variation of exposure conditions

In this study, it was evaluated the detection results of ground penetration radar (GPR) by using pixel difference. Experimental tank was made for this purpose. Concrete hume pipe and PE pipe were buried in the tank. The pavement finish of the surface was classified 4th cases. In the case of non-reinforcement concrete pavement, the buried pipe detection was easy than other pavement cases. And it was easy to detect the buried pipe by the difference of the color pixels rather than the black and white pixels.

본 연구에서는 항산화 및 미백 소재의 개발을 위해 다양한 추출법을 이용하여 용담화 추출물을 제조하고 항산화 효과 및 멜라닌 생합성 저해능을 평가하였다. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거활성을 평가한 결과 용담화 추출물의 항산화 활성은 모두 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 또한 용담화 추출물은 tyrosinase 활성을 저해시켰으며, B16F10 세포에서 멜라닌 생성을 감소시키는 효과를 보였다. 멜라닌 생합성에 관여하는 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 및 2 mRNA 발현을 확인한 결과 용담화 추출물에 의해 TRP-1 및 2의 발현이 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 용담화 추출물은 항산화 및 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

제 4차 산업혁명으로 일컬어지는 첨단기술 주도의 시대적 상황 속에서 게임 산업의 시장성은지속적으로 확대되어 왔으며, 미래에 대한 전망이 밝다. 그러나 국내 게임 산업은 여전히 사회· 문화적 이슈로 인하여 산업 활성화에 제약을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 국내 게임산업이 마주하고 있는 사회·문화적 장벽수준을 파악하고자, 게임이용자에 대한 편견과 게임콘텐츠의 성 상품화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 응답자의 대부분이 여전히 남성 게임이용자 중심이었던 과거 게임시장의 편견에서 벗어나고 있지 못하였으며, 게임콘텐츠의 성 상품화가 게임 산업을 저해하는 요인으로서 이에 대한 규제가 필요하다고 응답하였다.

In this paper, we propose Intelligent Driver Assistance System (I-DAS) for driver safety. The proposed system recognizes safety and danger status by analyzing blind spots that the driver cannot see because of a large angle of head movement from the front. Most studies use image pre-processing such as face detection for collecting information about the driver's head movement. This not only increases the computational complexity of the system, but also decreases the accuracy of the recognition because the image processing system dose not use the entire image of the driver's upper body while seated on the driver's seat and when the head moves at a large angle from the front. The proposed system uses a convolutional neural network to replace the face detection system and uses the entire image of the driver's upper body. Therefore, high accuracy can be maintained even when the driver performs head movement at a large angle from the frontal gaze position without image pre-processing. Experimental result shows that the proposed system can accurately recognize the dangerous conditions in the blind zone during operation and performs with 95% accuracy of recognition for five drivers.