A taxonomic study of Korean Notothecta Thomson is presented. Two species are recognized [N. effecta (Sawada) and N. watanabei (Sawada)] and a new synonym, Atheta (Atheta) taesongsanensis Paśnik = N. watanabei (Sawada), is proposed. Notothecta effecta is reported for the first time in the Korean peninsula. A key and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.

To explore the origins of coastal colonization within the tribe Athetini Casey, we present a revised molecular phylogeny. The dataset comprised partial mitochondrial COI, COII, 16S rDNA, NADH1, partial nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA. We chose a total of 95 species in 51 genera, including 14 coastal species in eight genera and 21 outgroup species. The ecological association of species with a coastal habitat was mapped onto a phylogeny to assess the evolution of habitat specialization in the Athetini lineage. The results reveal that five independent origins (clades A–E) of coastal colonization have occurred throughout the tribe Athetini. The following changes in classification are proposed: (i) Adota minuta Lee and Ahn is removed from the genus Adota and tentatively included in Atheta (Badura); (ii) The genus Saphocallus Sharp is transferred from Athetini to Geostibini.

In this study, we investigate the recycling of aluminum-based metal matrix composites(AMCs) embedded with SiC particulates. The microstructure of the AMCs is characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The possibility of recycling the composite scrap is attempted from the melted alloy and SiC particulates by re-melting, holding and solidification in crucibles. The recovery percentage of the matrix alloy is calculated after a number of holding times, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes and for different particulate sizes and weight fractions in the Al matrix. The results show that the recovery percentage of the matrix alloy, as well as the time required for maximum recovery of the matrix, is dependent on the size and weight fraction of SiC particulates. In addition, the percentage recovery increases with particulate size but drops with the particulate fraction in the matrix. The time to reach maximum recovery falls rapidly with an increase in particulate size and fraction.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term management objectives, policy objectives, implementation plans, and detailed plans of four provincial parks established in 2013 using various analysis frameworks. Through this, the study aimed to identify the characteristics of the management plan and extract the implementation plan important to each park by analyzing the priorities in the detailed plan. The long-term management objectives of most parks were to maintain recreational functions by utilizing all the resources of the park, rather than merely preserving the ecosystem. From an ecological perspective, information on major plants and legal protection species are included for most parks, and geological and topographic features considered a major resource. For sustainable forests, it is important to induce the dispersion of concentrated use space. Efficient management systems are distinctively differentiated among the parks. For regional revitalization, the management of programs to link provincial parks and their surrounding areas has become most important. From an ecological perspective, priorities differed for the parks according to their ecological characteristics. For sustainable forests, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the visitor reservation system related to the overall park, while the other three parks prioritized alleviating the concentrated use of specific areas. From an efficient management perspective, Daedunsan Provincial Park prioritized aspects related to the cableway. Maisan Provincial Park prioritized inducing the linkage between the use of natural and cultural resources, and Seonunsan Provincial Park prioritized establishing an ecological and cultural commentary operating system. For the base-type leisure activity space, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the systematic management and operation of the pilgrimage route, Maisan Provincial Park the connection between the Maisan geography and residents’ income, and Seonunsan Provincial Park providing a space for ecological education.

본 논문은 디지털 게임의 하위 장르 분화 양상을 고찰하고 각 양상에 따라 핵심 장르 요소가 변화 하는 특성을 규명하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 디지털 게임의 장르는 변화를 거듭하는 생성적 체계이다. 기존 장르의 핵심 메커니즘을 수정하거나 뒤집으며 등장하는 게임의 하위 장르들은 게임의 장르 체계가 지닌 생성적 성격을 확인할수 있는 대표적 사례이다. 하위 장르 분화를 고찰한 기존의 연구들 이 게임 텍스트의 계보학을 통해 메커니즘의 변화를 추적했다면, 본 논문은 플레이어가 장르 변화를 인지하는 원리에 초점을 두고 해당 양상을 분석한다. 개념적 혼성 이론을 통해 ‘로그라이크’와 ‘메트로배니아’ 장르의 분화 과정을 분석한 결과 로그라이크는 상위 장르와의 프레임 대립을 통해, 메트로배니아는 상위 장르의 프레임 확장을 통해 변별력을 확보한 장르임을 확인했다. 프레임 대립에 따라 분화한 하위 장르의 경우 핵심 장르 요소는 독립성을 확보하고 손쉽게 타 장르와 결합되며, 프레임 확장에 따라 분화한 하위 장르의 경우 핵심 장르 요소는 맥락 의존성을 강하게 드러내며 해당 장르의 맥락을 벗어나 사용되기 힘들다는 특징을 보인다.

Recently domestic manufacturing companies have been experiencing worsening profitability and stunted growth due to the long-term economic recession and the rapid rise of developing countries such as China and Southeast Asia. These difficulties force many companies to concentrate their core competencies on new value creation and innovation in order to gain momentum for new growth. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has been considered as one of viable solutions. Among the various modules in ERP, shop floor control function in the production management module is rather limited. In order to overcome this problem, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) has been used as a subsystem which has a strong information gathering power and flexibility. Both systems interact closely with each other. In particular, ERP requires fast, accurate shop floor information at MES. This paper describes how to synchronize relevant information between ERP and MES with theory of constraints (TOC). The processing time information transmitted from the MES workplace is received at the ERP workplace. In the process, the received processing time is causing information distortion in ERP, when the information gathering standard of MES is different from the ERP information interpretation standard. The Drum-Buffer-Rope theory of TOC was applied to resolve this problem, therefore, information synchronization between both systems was made. As a precondition, the standard time of the upper ERP system was rearranged according to the capacity constraints resource. As a result, standard time restructuring has affected changes in labor costs. Standard labor costs have come close to actual ones, and information synchronization of MES transmission data has improved the reliability of standard product costs, such that it enabled various company-wide restructuring actions to be much more effective.

Tenebrio molitor beetles have been widely used in traditional and folklore medicines to treat various human diseases worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent form of dementia in developed and developing countries. The human β-amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) is a target for AD treatments. This study was performed to determine BACE-1 inhibitory activity of 12 compounds that were extracted from T. molitor adults and their 65 related compounds using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based enzyme assay. The results were compared with those of two positive controls for BACE-1, the cell-permeable isophthalamide BACE-1 inhibitor IV and the natural BACE-1 inhibitor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Based on IC50 values, linoleic acid, ergosterol, palmitoleic acid, and tryptopol (28.41‒46.16 μM) were the most potent BACE-1 inhibitors and the anti-BACE-1 activity of these compounds was lower than either inhibitor IV (13.13 μM) or EGCG (1.12 μM). Multiple regression analysis of the anti-BACE-1 activities of compounds was examined using their IC50 values and the values of the physical parameters (molecular weight (MW), log P, and molecular refraction (MR)) for the 41 fatty acids (R2 = 0.674 (P = 0.044)) and 29 flavonoids (R2 = 0.587 (P = 0.063)). Correlation coefficient (r) analysis showed that MW, log P, and MR may be positively correlated with IC50 of the fatty acids (MW, r = 0.658; log P, r = 0.471; and MR, r = 0.713) and IC50 of the flavonoids (MW, r = 0.547; log P, r = 0.644; and MR, r = 0.591). Further studies will warrant possible applications of T. molitor adults as therapeutic BACE-1 blocker.

Tenebrio molitor beetles have been widely used in traditional and folklore medicines to treat various human diseases worldwide. This study was performed to determine radical scavenging activity of nine compounds that were extracted from T. molitor adults and their 64 related compounds using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The results were compared with those of three positive controls, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Based on IC50 values, linolenic acid (77.65 μM) was the most potent antioxidant and the antioxidant activity of this compound was higher than that of either ascorbic acid, BHT or EGCG. The antioxidant activity of protocatechuic acid (IC50, 153.68 μM) and ascorbic acid did not differ significantly. The antioxidant activity of catechin (IC50, 192.32 μM) was higher than that of either BHT or EGCG. Multiple regression analysis of the antioxidant activities of compounds was examined using their IC50 values and the values of the physical parameters (molecular weight (MW), log P, and molecular refraction (MR)) for the 41 fatty acids (R2 = 0.729 (P = 0.031)) and 29 flavonoids (R2 = 0.521 (P = 0.054)). Correlation coefficient (r) analysis showed that MW, log P, and MR may be positively correlated with IC50 of the fatty acids (MW, r = 0.743; log P, r = 0.642; and MR, r = 0.815) and IC50 of the flavonoids (MW, r = 0.642; log P, r = 0.495; and MR, r = 0.643). Further studies will warrant possible applications of T. molitor adults as an antioxidant.

미국선녀벌레(Metcalfa pruinosa)는 외래 침입해충으로 조사가 시작된 2009년 이후 발생지역과 발생면적이 계속 증가하여 2018년에는 123개 시군구의 21,154ha에서 발생이 보고되고 있다. 미국선녀벌레는 농경지와 그 주변 산림지에서 활동하기 때문에 정부와 지자체간 협업을 통해 농림지 동시방제를 5월하순경(부화약충 대상)과 7월 중순경(성충 대상) 2회 실시하고 있다. 농촌진흥청에서는 미국선녀벌레의 기생천적인 선녀벌레집게벌(Neodryinus typhlocybae)의 안정적인 도입과 미국선녀벌레에 대한 생물적 방제원으로서 국내 정착을 위해 이탈리아 파도바대학과 국제협력사업을 2017년부터 수행하고 있다. 선녀벌레집게벌은 완주에서 월동이 가능하였으며 6월 초에 50%이상 우화를 하였다. 2018년도에 온실(완주)과 야외(수원, 태안)에서 증식하여 1,000여 개체 이상을 확보하였으며 도입천적의 안정적인 국내 정착과 확산 및 활용 방안에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central antinociceptive effects of eugenol after intraperitoneal administration. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin-induced nociceptive behavioral responses was used as the pain model. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin significantly produced nociceptive responses by increasing the licking time during nociceptive behavior. Subsequent intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of eugenol led to a significant decrease in the licking time. However, low dose of eugenol (50 mg/kg) did not affect the nociceptive behavioral responses produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin. Intrathecal injection of 30 μg of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly blocked antinociceptive effects produced by intraperitoneal injection of eugenol. Neither intrathecal injection of methysergide (30 μg), a serotonin receptor antagonist nor phentolamine (30 μg), an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist influenced antinociceptive effects of eugenol, as compared to the vehicle treatment. These results suggest that central opioid pathway participates in mediating the antinociceptive effects of eugenol.

본 논문에서 온라인 쇼핑몰에 적용을 목적으로 2차원 이미지에 기반한 가상 의상 착용 알고리즘을 설계하고 개발하였다. 기존의 가상착용 시스템은 3차원 의상 및 사용자 정보에 기반하여 비용과 시간이 많이 들어가는 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 시스템은 최근 급격히 발전된 딥러닝기술과 컴퓨터 그래픽스 기술을 활용한다. 우선, 패션영상을 시멘틱 분할 네트워크를 사용하여 옷과 신체를 영상분할하고, 자세 네트워크를 사용하여 의상과 사용자의 골격정보를 확보한다. 이 두 가지 정보를 바탕으로 의상의 골격위치와 사용자의 골격위치를 일치시킴으로서 변형에 필요한 변수를 확보하고 이를 바탕으로 영상 변형을 하여 가상착용을 수행한다. 실험결과 단순한 기하형태의 옷과 선 자세를 유지하는 패션사진과 사용자사진의 경우 만족스러운 변형 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나 다양한 의상의 형태나 자세를 갖는 경우 원만한 착용결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 완벽한 시스템은 존재할 수 없으므로 현재 기술로 적용 가능한 의상의 범위와 문제 상황을 자세히 분석하여. 이를 바탕으로 추후 연구를 방향을 설정할 수 있도록 하였다.

Hydraulic and drainage properties play an important role in the serviceability of a permeable block pavement system. A serious impediment to its performance is the accumulation of sediments over time. The deposition of these particles in block pavement joints reduces infiltration rate and drainage capacity, which, in the long run, decreases the system’s life span. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the influence of particle deposition on the hydraulic conductivity of a type of block pavement system, permeable stone paver, without maintenance or cleaning. Coefficients of permeability before and after addition of fine particles were evaluated using a developed permeability equipment with constant head frame. Three gradations of silica sand were used to simulate road clogging particles. An equivalent of eight years of sediment loading was applied to three identical permeable pavement samples. Laboratory test results showed an average of 77% reduction on the permeability due to particle accumulation.

With interconnecting voids, porous asphalt provides drainage of rainwater in vertical and lateral direction during rainfall. In addtition, it also offers remarkable advantages compare to traditional asphalt: reduce vehicle splash and spray behind, reduce night time surface glare in wet season and increase tire-pavement friction...On the other hand, the following aspects are recognized as disavantages: reduced performance, winter maintenance issues and high construction cost. For flexible pavement, dynamic modulus master curve is an important parameter in the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide. In this study, the results of experiment of dynamic modulus test of porous asphalt are discussed for understanding well about the viscoelastic characteristics of porous asphalt.

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological disease frequently affecting women of reproductive age. It has a negative impact on the quality of life, causing bleeding disorders, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in adenomyosis development remain unclear. This paper summarizes the reports found in the MEDLINE database on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of uterine adenomyosis. The literature search included the following terms: “adenomyosis,” “adenomyoma,” “pathogenesis,” “molecular mechanisms,” and “gynecological disorders.” Only peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles were included. This review focuses on the molecular genetics, epigenetic modifications, and pivotal signaling pathways associated with adenomyosis development and progression, which will provide insights into and a better understanding of its underlying pathophysiology.