Much research has not been conducted on how classroom-based research articles concerning teaching effectiveness in the ESL/EFL classroom have changed over time, in spite of deep interest in the field. Therefore, this study aims to examine the characteristics of research articles on effective teaching in the ESL/EFL classroom, focusing specifically on articles from TESOL Quarterly. For this purpose, this study searched articles using three key terms; effective teaching, ESL/EFL, and activity. Articles which included those terms were investigated, depending on research topic and publication year, and four key facts were found; the importance of teachers’ input (older articles), a focus on group or peer work (newer articles), teachers’ education, and the use of students’ native languages. While students preferred teachers’ reliable and explicit input in the past, modern articles tended to recommend more frequent interactions among peer groups in the English learning classroom. Limited resources in teaching contexts asked for additional qualifications from ESL/EFL teachers, thus emphasizing teacher education as an important factor for effective teaching. Lastly, the use of students’ native language had a positive influence on learning English. The findings of this study suggest some implications for how effective teaching in Korean context could be implemented.

The composites of carbon nanotube (CNT) supported by Sn-doped MnO2 with enhanced capacitance have been fabricated with varying dopant concentrations. The composites have been subjected to physiochemical, configurational, and morphological analyses by FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction studies. The electrochemical performance of the composite has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge techniques. Highest specific capacitances of 940 F g−1 at a current density of 0.35 A g−1 and 927 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution was achieved in the case of 5% Sn doped composite. Moreover, the electrode demonstrated good cycling performance and retaining 79.7% of the initial capacitance over 3000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance is accredited mainly to the porous sheath hierarchical architecture, which consist of inter connected MnO2 nanoneedles uniformly coated over the CNT surface. This peculiar architecture is responsible for fast ion/electron transfer and easy access of the active material.

Perennial need for bactericides requires cost-effective nanomaterials with strong antibacterial activities even in the absence of external irradiation. Hence, in this work, we have synthesized f-CFT (fluorinated TiO2- doped, glycine-functionalized MWCNTs) and have studied its antibacterial activities. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were analyzed in the absence of photo-activation. Zone of inhibition of 15 mm for S. aureus, and 11 mm for P. aeruginosa was observed for f-CFT owing to the synergistic bactericidal properties of functionalized MWCNTs, fluorine and nano-TiO2. Anatase phase TiO2 with average crystallite size as 35 nm was observed in XRD. Scanning electron microscopic images showed uniform mixed cubic structures. Hydroxyl groups observed in FT-IR along with the glycine MWCNTs interface aid the inhibition of bacterial growth even in the absence of photo activation. A desired higher gram-positive bacterial inhibition opens new gates for better antibacterial agents.

The mass production after the industrialisation and the fast changing fashion cycles in today’s world resulted in buying clothes and home textiles more than we need and discarding them before they complete their life cycles. This causes vast amounts of textile waste that creates environmental issues. Upcycling is the creative process of transforming clothing and textile waste by reusing deadstock or used fabric to create new garments and products. It holds importance in terms of sustainability, reducing waste and environmental pollution. During the process of upcycling, certainly the creativity and innovation are the key words because to reuse a product to a better value needs a creative mind, aesthetic consciousness, innovative look and knowledge and it is quite different from a normal design procedure. There is a delicate level of aesthetics which carries the reused materials to a higher value. The handling of the materials, knowing how to manipulate the waste material, the techniques available to apply to surfaces, the concept of two and three dimension on textiles and clothing, contributions of other branches of art such as sculpture and painting all help the designer to reach a higher aesthetic value in the upcycled product in this process. In the study; it was aimed to raise awareness, to attract attention to sustainable fashion and also to contribute to sustainable development as an upcycling design project realized with students in textile and fashion design education taken as an example.

We present the results of the spectral and temporal analysis of eight X-ray point sources in five nearby (distance < 20 Mpc) galaxies observed with Chandra. For spectral analysis, an absorbed powerlaw and an absorbed diskblackbody were used as empirical models. Six sources were found to be equally fitted by both the models while two sources were better fitted by the powerlaw model. Based on model parameters, we estimate the X-ray luminosity of these sources in the energy range 0.3 − 10.0 keV, to be of the order of ∼ 1039ergs s−1 except for one source (X-8) with LX > 1040ergs s−1. Five of these maybe classified as Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with powerlaw photon index within the range, Γ ∼ 1.63−2.63 while the inner disk temperature, kT ∼ 0.68−1.93 keV, when fitted with the disk blackbody model. The black hole masses harboured by the X-ray point sources were estimated using the disk blackbody model to be in the stellar mass range, however, the black hole mass of one source (X-6) lies within the range 68.37M ≤ MBH ≤ 176.32M, which at the upper limit comes under the Intermediate mass black hole range. But if the emission is considered to be beamed by a factor ∼ 5, the black hole mass reduces to ∼ 75M. The timing analysis of these sources does not show the presence of any short term variations in the kiloseconds timescales.

In this study, 23 ethanolic extracts from 20 medicinal plants were evaluated for biological activities. Results revealed that of 23 samples, seven samples have demonstrated good antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.4-2.0 mg/mL, while minimum bactericidal concentrations were mostly high 0.8- 2.0 mg/mL for selected seven samples. Five samples revealed > 70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of total phenolic contents. Among test samples, six samples exhibited > 80% inhibition of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and only two samples exhibited > 80% inhibition of 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. A total of five test samples revealed Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity more than 1000 μm/ g. The MTT assay indicated that eight test samples exhibited > 90% viability of murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) at 250 μg/mL and suppressed iNOS mRNA expression at transcriptional level when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Some medicinal plants revealed promising results, and so they have prospective for further more inclusive studies.

팽이의 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 모균주 ASI 4216(한솔)과 4217(백중)으로부터 단포자를 분리하여 단핵균주를 얻고 이들의 교잡을 통해서 꺽쇠연결체가 확인된 교잡주 총 129점을 선발하였다. 교잡주를 대상으로 3회에 걸쳐 재배시험 결과, 고온에서 배양이 가능하며 수량성이 우수한 계통 ‘Fv14a51’을 최종선발되었으며, 생산력검정 시험을 통해 2017년 농작물 직무육성 품종 심의회에서 ‘백이’로 명명되었다. 주요 특성은 균사생장이 30°C의 고온에서도 균활력을 유지할 정도로 강한 온도적응성 품종이고 대조품종에 비해 갓이 두껍고 대가 얇는 형태를 띠는 것 외에는 갓색깔이 순백색이며, 갓모영은 반구형, 수량은 257.4±13.5g으로 대조품종과 비교해서 대체적으로 유사 하였다. RAPD primer을 통해 유전적 다형성을 검정한 결과, 대조구인 ‘오키노메구미’, 2016년에 육성된 ‘백승’과 신품종이 유전적으로 구별되는 것을 확인하였다. 전반적으로 ‘백이’는 수량과 품질이 외국품종과 거의 유사하였으며, 버섯의 균일한 형태로 상업적 가치가 있었다. 신품종의 현장실증을 확대하여 국산품종이 국내에 확산되기를 기대한다.

Ganglioside GM3 is known as an inhibition factor of cell differentiation and proliferation via inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation. Our previous study showed that the exogenous ganglioside GM3 reduced the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes and induced apoptosis at 44 h of in vitro maturation (IVM). However, the role of ganglioside GM3 in the relationship between EGFR signaling and apoptosis during porcine oocyte maturation has not yet been studied. First, porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in the NCSU-23 medium with exogenous ganglioside GM3 according to maturation periods (non-treated, only IVM I: 0 - 22 h, only IVM II: 22 - 44 h and IVM I & II: 0 - 44 h). We confirmed that the proportion of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) increased significantly in the IVM I treated group than in the control group. We also confirmed that the meiotic maturation until M II stage and polar body formation decreased significantly in the only IVM I treated group. Cumulus cell expansion and mRNA levels of the expansion-related factors (HAS2, TNFAIP6 and PTX3) decreased significantly in the IVM I treated group than in the control group. Protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 decreased significantly in the GM3-treated groups, during the IVM I period. In addition, cellular apoptosis, determined using TUNEL assay, and protein levels of Cleaved caspase 3, were increased significantly in the GM3-treated COCs during the IVM I period. Based on these results, ganglioside GM3 exposure of porcine COCs during the IVM I period reduced meiotic maturation and cumulus cell expansion via inhibition of EGFR activity in pigs.

The global mushroom industry has grown rapidly in recent years in terms of beneficial effects, market value, and demand. India has a wide range of agro-climatic conditions and is largely an agricultural country with a cultivated area of about 4.37 %, generating about 620 million tons of agro waste annually. Mushroom cultivation not only helps recycle agro wastes, but also fills the nutritional gap prevalent among a large population of India. Recently, government industrial policy and creative innovation has promoted research and other endeavors aiming towards the cultivation of mushrooms. Mushroom cultivation in India was initiated in Solan, in the mid-sixties. Mushroom cultivation has been successful in temperate regions of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and the hills of northeast India. Recently, many unemployed people have begun to adopt mushroom cultivation as a means of self-employment. It is high time that Indian mushroom cultivators and consumers became aware of the nutritional and medicinal values of cultivated and wild species of mushrooms. The total mushroom production in India between 2010 and 2017 was approximately 0.13 million tons, accounting for a 4.3% increase in the average growth rate of mushrooms per annum. In particular, the total production of white button mushrooms is the highest, with a share of about 73% of total mushroom production. In this review article, we have analyzed the current scenario of the Indian mushroom industry and its contribution to the economic growth of the country.

There have long been debated whether Jeju king cherry in Korea and Punus x yedoensis (Yoshino cherry) in Japan are the same or not and its originality. Recent genomic approach among P. yedoensis and closed related varieties from Korea, Japan and USA confirms that P. yedoensis is F1 hybrid. The results also show that there are two types of Jeju king cherry in Mt. Halla, Jeju, Korea and one type is clearly different and the other type is the same grouping to Yoshino cherry in Japan and USA and the maternal texa of the two types in Jeju is the same of P. pendula. The search of paternal texa of the same type and further molecular genetic analysis and classification among newly found hundreds of Jeju King Trees in natural habitats of Mt. Halla including a 265 year-old tree along with previous findings would reveal the hypothesis that two independent F1 hybrid of P. yedoensis are evolved in Mt. Halla where is the only natural birth place of P. yedoensis in the world. Furthermore, policy agenda of king cherry tree eco-exploration among six countries including two divided Korea proposed. In terms of bio-diplomacy, it was amazing fact that Jeju King Cherry trees were sent USA under Japanese colony in 1912. In 1943, USA Congressman John Rankin of Mississippi confirms that they were Korean Cherry Trees. The first four of these trees were presented to the American University in 1943 by the Korean Women’s Relief Society of Honolulu according to notice of AU’s School authority. As Jeju NAtional University students and teachers confirmed the fact in April 2018, they suggest Jeju King Cherry Trees Eco- Exploration between the two universities at university level, hoping to extend a warming program of planting Jeju King Cherry trees at the Dalma tourism complex in Wonsan city of North Korea in April of 2020.

Dopaminergic neurons are one of the major neuronal components in the brain. Mesencephalon dopamine (DA) neurogenesis takes place in the ventricular zone of the floor plate, when DA progenitors divide to generate postmitotic cells. These cells migrate through the intermediate zone while they differentiate and become DA neurons on reaching the mantle zone. However, neurogenesis and neuronal migration on dopaminergic neurons remain largely unexplored in the mesencephalon development. This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of dopaminergic neurons during mesencephalic development of the mouse. Neurons from embryonic day (E) 10–14 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry was performed. The neurogenesis occurred mainly at the E10 and E11, which was uniformly distributed in the mesencephalic region, but neurons after E13 were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. At the postnatal day 0 (P0), E10 generated neurons were spread out uniformly in the whole mesencephalon whereas E11-originated neurons were clearly depleted in the red nucleus region. DA neurons mainly originated in the ventromedial mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage especially E10 to E11. DA neurons after E12 were only observed in the ventral mesencephalon. At E17, E10 labelled neurons were only observed in the substantia nigra (SN) region. Our study demonstrated that major neurogenesis occurred at E10 and E11. However, neuronal migration continued until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.

This study deals with the case study on the pallet quantity determination problem for the flexible manufacturing system producing 32 different types of aircraft wing ribs which are major structures of an aircraft wings. A Korean company has constructed the WFMS (wing rib flexible manufacturing system) that is composed of several automated equipments such as the 5-axis machining centers, the RGV (rail guided vehicles)s, the AS/RS (automated storage and retrieval system), the loading/unloading stations, and so on. Pallets play a critical role in the WFMS to maintain high system utilization and continuous work flow between 5-axis machining machines and automated material handling devices. The discrete event simulation method is used to evaluate the performance of the WFMS under various pallet mix alternatives for wing rib manufacturing processes. Four performance measures including system utilization, throughput, lead-time and work in process inventory level are investigated to determine the best pallet mix alternative. The best pallet mix identified by the simulation study is adopted in setting up and operating a real Korean aircraft parts manufacturing shop. By comparing the real WFMS’s performances with those of the simulation study, we discussed the cause of performance difference observed and the necessity of developing the CPS (cyber physical system).

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term management objectives, policy objectives, implementation plans, and detailed plans of four provincial parks established in 2013 using various analysis frameworks. Through this, the study aimed to identify the characteristics of the management plan and extract the implementation plan important to each park by analyzing the priorities in the detailed plan. The long-term management objectives of most parks were to maintain recreational functions by utilizing all the resources of the park, rather than merely preserving the ecosystem. From an ecological perspective, information on major plants and legal protection species are included for most parks, and geological and topographic features considered a major resource. For sustainable forests, it is important to induce the dispersion of concentrated use space. Efficient management systems are distinctively differentiated among the parks. For regional revitalization, the management of programs to link provincial parks and their surrounding areas has become most important. From an ecological perspective, priorities differed for the parks according to their ecological characteristics. For sustainable forests, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the visitor reservation system related to the overall park, while the other three parks prioritized alleviating the concentrated use of specific areas. From an efficient management perspective, Daedunsan Provincial Park prioritized aspects related to the cableway. Maisan Provincial Park prioritized inducing the linkage between the use of natural and cultural resources, and Seonunsan Provincial Park prioritized establishing an ecological and cultural commentary operating system. For the base-type leisure activity space, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the systematic management and operation of the pilgrimage route, Maisan Provincial Park the connection between the Maisan geography and residents’ income, and Seonunsan Provincial Park providing a space for ecological education.

예이츠의 종말론적 작품들을 보면 여성의 역할이 명확히 그려져 있다. 계시적 역할은 여성의 일이지, 여성이 영감을 주는 것을 (흔히 불완전하게) 해석하도록 요구받는 남성의 일은 아닌 것으로 나타난다. 이 구분은, 「재림」과 「하룬 알라쉬드의 선물」에서 표현되어 있는데, 자동기술 원고, 꿈의 노트북, 카드 자료, 그리고 원고 자료에 보존되어 있는 것처럼, 『환상록』의 참고자료를 거쳐 남편과 부인이 공동창출한 두 사람의 관계에서뿐만 아니라 1925년과 1937년 판의 나타난 『환상록』의 체계에 뿌리를 두고 있다.

This study investigated the management of staff training programmes and school climate for teacher retention in secondary schools in Rivers State. Two (2) research questions and 2 corresponding hypotheses were answered and tested in the study, respectively. The population of the study comprised all the 268 public senior secondary schools in Rivers State, with 268 principals (218 males and 50 females), from which a sample of 215 (80%) was drawn using the stratified random sampling technique. Respondents of the study responded to a validated 20 – item instrument titled ‘Managing Staff Training Programmes and School Climate for Teacher Retention Scale’ (STPSCTRS), designed by the researchers, in the modified 4 – point likert scale model, with a reliability index of 0.74, obtained using Cronbach Alpha. In all, 215 sets of the instruments were administered to the respondents in their various schools 214 (99%) were retrieved, while 213 (99%) survived after coding and were used in the statistical procedures. Mean and standard deviation, were used in answering the research questions, while z-test was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Results from data analysis show that staff training programmes, and school climate are necessary for teacher retention. It was concluded that the use of staff training programmes and conducive school climate to a very high extent, determine teacher retention in secondary schools in Rivers State. Recommendations were that school principals, government and educational stakeholders should give attention to staff training programmes and school climate in their various schools.

The aim of this study is to obtain basic data to set the direction for construct and managing auto campsites. A survey was conducted with users of an auto campsite located in Jangsu Nuri Park in October 2018, and 32 copies of the questionnaire were used in the analysis. Auto camping is typically undertaken for a night or two with family or friends/colleagues. The adequacy of fees and location are important factors in choosing the campsite, so it is desirable to build one in the suburbs of the city and offer it at a reasonable price. Proximity to tourist spots and convenience in using facilities are also factors that must be considered. People are generally engaged in activities such as taking walks, relaxing, and looking around campsites, and they want to enjoy various other amenities like attractions, experiences, entertainment, and active leisure options, which is why there must be facilities to support these behaviors. The first-time visitors of the campsite showed high satisfaction with its individual facilities, while repeat visitors showed high overall satisfaction, which indicates that satisfaction with individual elements did not lead to overall satisfaction.

During an up-righting project for a capsized ship, the dynamic effect enlarges the tensions of cables. The cable tensions which are calculated based on statics and the safety evaluation which is based on these tensions cannot ensure the safety of the up-righting project. Due to the above reasons, a numerical simulation project is applied to investigate the dynamic effect on cable tensions of up-righting projects and evaluate the safety of up-righting project in current research. Firstly, a theoretical equation of the quasi-static up-righting project model is established in current research and is solved. Subsequently, the precision of the numerical simulation method applied in current research is checked by comparing cable tensions which are calculated by theoretical model and numerical simulation method. The cable tensions in different cases are solved by the numerical simulation method which accounts for dynamic effect in order to investigate the relationship between cable tensions and capsized ship weights, cable stiffness and winding-in speed. Finally, the safety of up-righting project is evaluated based on all the cable tensions calculated. It is pointed out that cable tension increases with the value of capsized ship weight, cable stiffness or winding-in speed approximately. The safety coefficients of cable in some high winding-in speeds are bellow 1.0. The results indicate that the dynamic effect is significant and should be accounted for during the up-righting project.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUUF) is a complex problem because IUUF perpetrators not only have fisheries management issues, but also commit other crimes. This phenomenon raises further academic analysis of crime in fisheries at domestic and international levels. Indonesia has experienced different events leading to addressing crimes related to fisheries, which initially came from IUUF practices. To achieve legal certainty, crimes in fisheries issues must be separated from IUUF because IUUF is a matter under the mandate of FAO and crime in fishery is under the mandate of UNODC. Many have mixed IUUF and crimes in fishery in one basket, making the matter confusing from legal and practical point of view. At the domestic level, there must be a regulatory framework recognizing the linkage between fisheries and criminal activities At the international level, meanwhile, there must be an international cooperation through existing frameworks such as Mutual Legal Assistance.