The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae B is a powerful biological control agent against Monochamusalternatus, a crucial mediator of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, production of destruxins(dtxs), insecticidal cyclic hexadepsipeptides, was monitored in the submerged culture of M. anisopliae B. Three typesof dtxs, i.e., destruxin A, B, and E, were produced during the culture. Among the three dtxs, the production yield ofdestruxin A was best, followed by destruxin B and E. Destruxin A production was increased when pH was controlledat 6.0, whereas production of destruxin E was not affected by the pH control. The highest yield of dtxs A, B, and Ewere 16.4, 7.3, and 6.1 mg L-1, respectively. Considering that process for dtxs production has not been optimized, M.anisopliae B has more powerful implication as a biocontrol agent.

RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an alternative strategy to control agricultural pests whereby double-strandedRNA triggers a potent and specific inhibition of its homologous mRNA. Since small double-stranded RNAs are requiredfor various RNAi applications, there is a need for cost-effective methods for producing large quantities of high-qualitydsRNA. Bacillus thuringiensis produces much insecticidal proteins with expression of their encoding genes being drivenby sporulation-dependent promoters. To develop dsRNA mass-production platform utilizing Bt, the pHT1K-EGFP plasmidvector which has cyt1Aa sporulation-dependent promoter was constructed. The transcriptional level of target gene (EGFP)is higher 113 times than Bt reference gene (ssPE). It was applied to protect honeybee from Sacbrood virus, so targetgene was replaced to SBV-vp1. By ingestion of Bt-derived dsRNA to honeybee shows positive effect on SBV suppression.

This study was carried out to investigate insect community structure from different habitats in Baengnyeong island.We performed day and night collection at two different habitats (mountain, rural area) of Baengnyeong island from Mayto September in 2015. A total of 2,879 individuals of 404 species, 81 families belonging to 10 orders were collectedand identified. A dominant species was Idisia ornata Pascoe (Tenebrionidae) despite a very low percentage (6.04%) ofthe species among the catches. Results of independent t-test showed a significant high (p<0.001) of species richness onmountain. Also, seasonal results of ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were significantly influential with species abundanceand species richness. The result of NMDS analysis showed that the community structure of the insects from the mountainis different with rural area.

Oyster mushrooms are one of the most famous mushrooms for foods in Korea. ‘Santari’ developed on this study is P. pulmonarius of oyster mushroom species. ‘Santari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture. It was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from ‘GMPO20404’ and ‘Hosan’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26～29°C on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Santari’ was 22°C and 20°C on sawdust media. It took 34 days to finish spawn running, 3 days to finish primordia formation, 3 days to finish fruitbody growth in the bottle culture. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and brownish, stipe color was white and stipe shape was long and thick. The yield per bottle was 172g/1,100ml and was 43% higher than that of control variety(Hosan). As results of the physical properties of fruit body, springness, cohesive, gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 87%, 82%, 193g and 16kg, respectively. The values of them are lower than those of control except cohesive.

Oyster mushrooms are one of the most famous mushrooms for foods in Korea. ‘Santari’ developed on this study is P. pulmonarius of oyster mushroom species. ‘Santari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture. It was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from ‘GMPO20404’ and ‘Hosan’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Santari’ was 22°C and 20°C on sawdust media. It took 34 days to finish spawn running, 3 days to finish primordia formation, 3 days to finish fruitbody growth in the bottle culture. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and brownish, stipe color was white and stipe shape was long and thick. The yield per bottle was 172g/1,100ml and was 43% higher than that of control variety (Hosan). As results of the physical properties of fruit body, springness, cohesive, gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 87%, 82%, 193g and 16kg, respectively. The values of them are lower than those of control except cohesive.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of joint mobilization with respiratory muscle taping on pulmonary function and chest expansion ability in patients with chronic stroke. Thirty subjects (n=30) were randomly divided into three groups: a joint mobilization group (n=10), a respiratory muscle-taping group (n=10), and a joint mobilization with respiratory muscle-taping group (n=10). Measurements for pulmonary function and chest expansion were performed to assess its effectiveness. A spirometer was used to measure the pulmonary function, and a tape measure was used to assess the chest expansion. In the joint mobilization group, peak expiratory flow (PEF) was increased. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and upper and lower chest expansion were also increased. All of variables of respiratory muscle-taping group also were increased. FEV1 and FVC were significantly different between joint mobilization with respiratory muscle-taping and respiratory muscle-taping group. The results of the present study suggest that mobilization with respiratory muscle taping increase the pulmonary function and chest expansion.