This paper deals with the production plan for the foaming process, the core part of the refrigerator manufacturing process. In accordance with this change, the refrigerator manufacturing process has also been converted into the mixed-model production system and it is necessary to optimize the production release pattern for the foaming process. The pattern optimization is to create a mixed-model combination which can minimize the number of setup operations and maintain mixed-model production. The existing method is a simple heuristic that depends on the demand priority. Its disadvantages are low mixed-model configuration rate and high setup frequency. Therefore, demand partitioning occurs frequently. In this study, we introduce the tolerance concept and propose a new pattern optimization algorithm based the large neighborhood search (LNS). The proposed algorithm was applied to a refrigerator plant and it was found that mixed-model configuration rate can be improved without demand partitioning.

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents and damage due to speeding should be recognized as a problem which harms society and the economy as well as the parties to the accidents. It is time to seek more detailed and concrete customized alternatives than the existing policies for the prevention of traffic accidents. METHODS: In this study, we identified the characteristics driver behavior and psychological factors that lead to speeding, and a study was carried out to verify the causality models developed from the factors we identified. RESULTS : Driving behavior variables have a significant effect on speeding behaviors in order of Lapse, Violation, and Mistake. And the violation which is defined as intentional violation showed the result which supports the research hypothesis as it has the significant effect on speeding intention and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study can be utilized to develop educational problems concerning speeding and previous response with the main objective of eliminating speeding driver behavior.

수출입식물의 검역 중 발견되는 병해충의 사멸을 위하여 소독처리를 실시하고, 이 때 주로 사용하는 약제가 1989년 몬트리올 의정서에 오존층파괴물질로 지정된 메틸브로마이드라는 고독성 훈증제이다. 농림축산검역본부에서는 2006년부터 메틸브로마이드 대체를 위하여 저독성이면서 친환경적인 소독기술 개발을 추진하여 2014년까지 바나나, 오렌지 등 5개 품목에 대한 에틸포메이트 훈증제 소독기술, 장미, 백합 등 4개 품목에 대한 포스핀 훈증제의 소독기술을 개발하였다. 그 결과 메틸브로마이드 사용량을 2011년 559톤에서 2014년 458톤으로 약 100톤 감축하고, 메틸브로마이드로만 소독되던 수입 바나나 소독물량의 85%를 에틸포메이트 훈증제로 대체하여 바나나 약해 피해 약 1,650억원(연간)을 경감하는 효과를 거두었다. 그러나 아직 메틸브로마이드만큼 광범위한 식물에 적용되는 약제가 개발되지 않았기에 앞으로 검역본부는 예산과 인력을 집중적으로 투자하여 기술개발을 촉진하고 소독기술을 발전시킬 계획이다. 우선 2018년까지 메틸브로마이드를 대체할 28개 주요품목을 설정하여 소독기술 개발을 완료할 계획이다. 이를 위하여 검역본부, 학계, 산업계가 공동으로 참여하는 연구 사업을 적극적으로 추진하여 시너지를 극대화할 계획이다. 다음으로 효율적이고 경제적인 소독방법을 개발할 계획이다. 에틸포메이트는 침투력이 약하고 비싸며 포스핀 훈증제는 소독시간이 긴 단점이 있기에 사용에 한계가 있다. 따라서 약제의 생산단가를 낮추면서 효율성과 실용성을 높이는 소독방법을 개발할 계획이다. 끝으로 외부에서 수행한 연구결과를 평가하고 설정할 수 있는 소독처리기준 평가시스템을 구축하고 운영하는 한편, 인력, 시설, 장비 등 소독 연구 인프라를 확충할 계획이다. 외래병해충 유입방지, 자연환경 보호, 안전사고 예방을 위하여 메틸브로마이드 대체 소독기술개발 사업을 시작한 지가 벌써 10년이 되었다. 이제 이를 가속화할 수 있도록 제도적인 뒷받침과 함께 우리 사회와 국민 모두의 지속적인 관심과 응원이 필요할 때이다.

The objective of this study is to analyze the investment adequacy of the projects implemented according to the master plan on sewerage rehabilitation at Seoul. The planned and actually implemented ratio of invested money on sewage treatment plants (STPs) to sewers were compared in two temporal periods. Though the planned ratio of investment on STPs to sewers was 50:50 (in 2009-2020) , the actual implemented ratio in 2009-2013 was 34:66. Until 2020, the greater investment ratio on STPs to sewers should be made considering the necessity of coping with stricter legal compliance on advanced treatment, stormwater treatment and so on. The priority of the planned and partially implemented projects among four STPs and at each STP was evaluated. Considering only the performance indicator of reduced load of BOD, T-N, T-P per the capacity of each STP facility, the performance among four STPs was shown as Jung-Rang>Tan-Cheon>Seo-Nam>Nan-Ji. The reverse order of the performance results in the past may be considered for future investment priority, but the efficiency of operation implemented at each STP, deteriorated status of each STP, investment in the past and so forth should also be considered. As for the priority of projects conducted within each STP, projects related to legal compliance (such as advanced tertiary treatment, stormwater treatment, etc.) have highest priority. Odor-related project and inhabitant-friendly facility related projects (such as building park on STPs, etc.) has lower priority than water quality related projects but interactivity with end-users of sewerage should also be important.

진안의 대표적 관광지인 마이산 북부는 여러 개발 사업이 이루어지고 있으나, 종합적 개발계획이 필 요하고, 특히 기존 주차장부지와 상가지구를 대상으로 새로운 계획을 수립해야 할 시점이다. 본 연구에서는, 먼저, 마이산 북부지구를 대상으로 개발 관련 문헌조사와 현장조사를 통하여 현황 분석을 하였고, 개발 잠재력 및 장단점분석을 하였다. 이를 바탕으로, 마이산 북부지구의 전체적인 공간구성 개선방향에 대하여 제시하였고, 세부적으로 마이산 북부지구 중 이전 계획이 수립된 북부주차장 및 상가지구에 대 한 계획안으로 생태복원공원계획과 생활사전시관 및 명인명품전시관을 제시하였다.

진안의 대표적 관광지인 마이산 북부는 여러 개발 사업이 이루어지고 있으나, 종합적 개발계획이 필 요하고, 특히 기존 주차장부지와 상가지구를 대상으로 새로운 계획을 수립해야 할 시점이다. 본 연구에서는, 먼저, 마이산 북부지구를 대상으로 개발 관련 문헌조사와 현장조사를 통하여 현황 분석을 하였고, 개발 잠재력 및 장단점분석을 하였다. 이를 바탕으로, 마이산 북부지구의 전체적인 공간구성 개선방향에 대하여 제시하였고, 세부적으로 마이산 북부지구 중 이전 계획이 수립된 북부주차장 및 상가지구에 대 한 계획안으로 생태복원공원계획과 생활사전시관 및 명인명품전시관을 제시하였다.

해양에서의 안전확보는 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다. 요즘 국내의 관심을 집중시켰던 해양사고중의 하나는 세월호 사고와 더불어 우이산호 사고이다. 이 사고는 2014년 1월 31일 여수 GS-Caltex 원유부두로 진입하던 싱가포르 국적 초대형 유조선(VLCC) “우이산호(WU YI SAN)”가 원유부두와 원유이송 송유관과 충돌하여 송유관 내부에 있던 유류가 해상으로 유출된 사고로서 1995년 여수해안에서 발생한 5천톤 가량의 유류유출사고가 발생한지 거의 20년만의 일이다. 울산항의 유출사고 사례는 2013년에 대형정유업체인 SK 에너지에서 운영하는 부유식 호스의 파손으로 인한 유출사고가 있었다. 이와 관련하여 현재 각 회사에서 운영중인 자체안전관리계획서 승인제도는 위험물 취급에 관한 최고경영자의 관심 결여 및 정부당국의 안전 관리 감독 소홀로 인하여 큰 역할을 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 이 논문에서는 현행 개항질서법상 규정되어 있는 위험물 취급 시설물에 대한 자체안전관리계획서 승인제도의 문제점을 파악하고 이에 대한 개선방안을 도출하여 위험물 취급 시설물에 기인한 사고방지, 환경보호 및 안전 확보에 기여하고자 한다.

This study reset the Reference Extent for Consultation about Energy Use Plan by the project so that the Consultation about Energy Use Plan would display realistic effectiveness. To achieve this aim, consultation case analysis was carried out from 2006 to 2014 and the Environmental Impact Assessment system was reviewed. The results show that Reference Energy Equivalent Extent could be basis for resetting the Reference Extent by the project. Also suggest that the Reference Energy Equivalent Extent calculated by Electricity Intensity could be applied to the Reference Extent of Urban, Tourism and Industrial complex development project in order to reflect change of industrial technology & Energy demand.

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a useful method in product design and development to maximize customer satisfaction. In the QFD, the technical attributes (TAs) affecting the product performance are identified, and product performance is improved to optimize customer requirements (CRs). For product development, determining the optimal levels of TAs is crucial during QFD optimization. Many optimization methods have been proposed to obtain the optimal levels of TAs in QFD. In these studies, the levels of TAs are assumed to be continuous while they are often taken as discrete in real world application. Another assumption in QFD optimization is that the requirements of the heterogeneous customers can be generalized and hence only one house of quality (HoQ) is used to connect with CRs. However, customers often have various requirements and preferences on a product. Therefore, a product market can be partitioned into several market segments, each of which contains a number of customers with homogeneous preferences. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an optimization approach to find the optimal set of TAs under multi-segment market. Dynamic Programming (DP) methodology is developed to maximize the overall customer satisfaction for the market considering the weights of importance of different segments. Finally, a case study is provided for illustrating the proposed optimization approach.

This paper deals with rescheduling on unrelated parallel-machines with compressible processing times, assuming that the arrival of a set of new jobs triggers rescheduling. It formulates this rescheduling problem as an assignment problem with a side constraint and proposes a heuristic to solve it. Computational tests evaluate the efficacy of the heuristic.

This study aims to draw out planning principles and structure of Iksan imperial capital city in late Baekje, especially in view of the relationship among imperial capital city planning area, skeletal axis and the location of royal castle. With site survey and analysis of historical records, old maps, topographical maps, archeological excavation data, land registration map of 1915, some significant inferences were drawn out. Firstly from the point of topological conditions, the contiguous line of a stratum from Mireuk mountain(彌勒山) to Wangkung-ri castle(王宮里遺蹟) and two waterways made a topological axis of Iksan Imperial capital city. Secondly district of Iksan imperial capital city can be deduced to the inner area north to Kummado soil wall(金馬都 土城), south to the confluence of Iksan river(益山川) and Busang river(扶桑川), west to Okum mountain fortress(五 金山城) and Galjeon river(葛田川), east to line near to eastern wall of Jesuksa temple(帝釋寺). Iksan ssang-reung(益 山雙陵) was located outside western boundary line of capital city. Thirdly axis from Wangkung-ri castle to northern Kummado soil wall made a skeletal axis of city structure. It got through northern lowland along Buk river(北川) between Yonghwa(龍華山) and Mireuk mountain. Fourthly the location of royal palace can be deduced to the north part of the city around Kumma town area along the planning principle of northern royal palace.

The determining the appropriate dosage of coagulant is very important, because dosage of coagulant in the coagulation process for wastewater affects removing the amount of pollutants, cost, and producing sludge amount. Accordingly, in this study, in order to determine the optimal PAC dosage in the coagulation process, CCD (Central composite design) was used to proceed experimental design, and the quadratic regression models were constructed between independent variables (pH, influent turbidity, PAC dosage) and each response variable (Total coliform, E.coli, PSD (Particle size distribution) (‹10 μm), TP, PO4-P, and CODcr) by the RSM (Response surface methodology). Also, Considering the various response variables, the optimum PAC dosage and range were derived. As a result, in order to maximize the removal rate of total coliform and E.coli, the values of independent variables are the pH 6-7, the influent turbidity 100-200 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.07-0.09 ml/L. For maximizing the removal rate of TP, PO4-P, CODcr, and PSD(‹10 μm), it is required for the pH 9, the influent turbidity 200-250 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.05-0.065 ml/L. In the case of multiple independent variables, when the desirable removal rate for total coliform, E.coli, TP, and PO4-P is 90-100 % and that for CODcr and PSD(‹10 μm) is 50-100 %, the required PAC dosage is 0.05-0.07 ml/L in the pH 9 and influent turbidity 200-250 NTU. Thus, if the influent turbidity is high, adjusting pH is more effective way in terms of cost since a small amount of PAC dosage is required.

This study aimed to evaluate the TAC policy and to examine the effective annual TAC quota in the sandfish stock rebuilding plan using a bioeconomic modelling method. In the analysis, first, a sandfish bioeconomic model was developed by combining a sandfish stock population model and economic models by fishery and second, achieving stock rebuilding targets and changes of fishing revenues by the level of annual TAC quota were examined. Model results indicated that the TAC 1,500ton policy would have the greatest impact on the increase of sandfish stock biomass comparing to the status quo and other TAC policies. In addition, it was evaluated that the total fishing revenues of coastal gillnet and danish seine fisheries could be increased the most in the TAC 2,500ton policy. In both cases of TAC 3,500ton and 4,000ton, the fishing revenues of both fisheries were inversely reduced due to the decrease of catch by coastal gillnet and the decline of market prices by danish seine’s excessive catch. Furthermore, they would have a negative impact on sandfish stock biomass.