본 연구에서는 미용분야 창업 활성화를 위해 소셜 빅데이터 분석을 탐색적 데이터 분석(EDA) 을 기반으로 하여 2019년부터 2021년 동안 각 년도별로 기간을 구분하여 ‘미용창업’에 대한 수요 변화와 감정 및 의미 차이의 특징적인 패턴을 도출하고자 하였다. ‘미용창업’ 키워드를 주제로 연관된 검색어를 추 출한 결과 창업에 필요한 전문적인 창업교육 보다는 미용관련 기술을 배울 수 있는 기관이나 자격증에 더 많은 관심을 보였으며, 이는 정부 및 지자체에서 여러 가지 창업지원 정책들이 마련되고 있음에도 불구하 고 여전히 전문적인 창업교육의 중요성을 인식하지 못하고 있는 것으로 파악할 수 있으며, 이에 대한 대안 으로 미용분야 창업을 성공적으로 이루기 위한 전공별 맞춤형 창업교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 탐색적 데이터 분석을 통해 가설을 설정하고 전통적인 확증적 데이터 분석(CDA)을 결합 하여 가설을 검증한다. 미용 창업을 위한 탐색적 데이터 분석 방법이 존재한 적은 없으며, 정식 창업교육의 필요성을 언급하기보다는 미용창업에 대한 관심 변화와 예비창업자의 요구사항을 탐색적 데이터로 분석한 다면 맞춤형 창업 프로그램 개발에 도움이 될 것이라고 확신한다.

이 연구의 목적은 지구과학 교사들이 변성암을 분류하기 위해 사용하는 개념 구조와 변성암을 분류하는 기준에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 연구자들은 전라북도 소재의 중학교와 고등학교의 지구과학교사 21명을 대상으로 사 고 구술을 활용하여 변성암을 분류하는 과정에서 진술한 언어 자료를 수집하였다. 그리고 이렇게 수집된 언어 자료를 언어네트워크분석법을 활용하여 분석하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지구과학 교사들은 변성암을 분류하는 과정 에서 암석에서 일반적으로 관찰할 수 있는 색, 구성 광물, 입자의 크기 등의 특징과 변성암에서 나타나는 엽리를 중심 으로 분류하였다. 둘째, 지구과학 교사들은 변성암의 분류 기준에 관해 접촉 변성작용과 광역 변성작용 등 변성작용을 중심으로 인식하고 있었다. 그러나 관찰한 내용을 잘못 판단하여 다른 암석으로 오인하는 사례들이 나타났다. 그러므로 지구과학 교사들이 변성암이 형성되는 과학적 과정과 변성암에서 관찰되는 현상을 서로 연결하여 인식할 수 있도록 그 들에게 변성암에 대한 관찰 정보와 경험을 충분히 제공할 필요가 있다.

식물사회를 이해하기 위한 새로운 방법으로 식물사회와 사회 연결망 분석을 결합한 식물사회네트워크 분석이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 부산 태종대를 대상으로 식물사회네트워크 분석을 활용하여 종간 관계를 살펴보고 이를 관리에 활용하기 위한 기초자료 구축의 목적으로 수행하였다. 우리나라 난온대림에 위치한 태종대는 부산광역시의 대표적인 해안림으로 곰솔-사스레피나무군락이 폭넓게 분포하고 있다. 태종대를 대상으로 100㎡ 크기의 방형구 100개소를 설치하여 출현 수종을 조사하였고, 주요 종을 중심으로 종간결합 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 Gephi 0.9.2를 활용하여 소시오그램을 작성하였으며, 네트워크 중심성 및 구조를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 곰솔, 사스레피나무, 졸참나무, 팥배나무, 광나무, 때죽나무 순으로 출현빈도가 높았으며, 대상지의 환경적 특성상 상록활엽수가 다수 출현하였다. 태종대 식물 사회네트워크는 노드수가 50개, 연결정도가 172개의 소규모 네트워크로 구축되었으며, 모듈화를 통해 4개그룹으로 나누어졌다. 구축된 소시오그램을 통해 천이계열을 살펴보면, 현재 곰솔, 사스레피나무가 포함된 그룹은 벚나무, 개옻 나무를 매개자로 하여 졸참나무, 개서어나무가 우점하는 낙엽활엽수군락으로, 후박나무를 매개자로 하여 후박나무, 참식나무가 우점하는 상록활엽수군락으로 천이될 가능성이 높았고, 일부지역에서는 생강나무, 팽나무를 매개자로 하여 팽나무, 굴참나무, 느티나무가 우점하는 낙엽활엽수군락으로 천이가 예상된다.

There has been increased interest in lignans due to their potential effect in reducing the risk of developing several diseases. To evaluate lignan contents, sensitive and accurate methods should be developed for their quantification in food. The present study aimed to validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 5 lignans: lariciresinol (Lar), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), secoisolariciresinol (Seco), and syringaresinol (Syr). The validation included selectivity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, and precision. The method was proved to be specific, with a linear response (R2≥0.99). The limits of detection were 0.040~0.765 μg/100 g and the limits of quantification were 0.114~1.532 μg/100 g. Recoveries were 90.588~109.053% for black sesame powder. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility were below 5%. Total lignan contents of roasted coffee bean, oat, and blacksoy bean were 105.702 μg/100 g, 78.965 μg/100 g, and 165.521 μg/100 g, respectively. These results showed that LC-MS/MS analysis would be effective in producing acceptable sensitivity, accuracy, and precision in five lignan analyses.

본 연구는 소재·부품·장비의 한·중 산업간 무역구조 및 무역 경쟁력의 변화를 분 석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 먼저 수출입 추세를 보았을 때 소재·부품·장비의 대중국 무역은 지난 10여 년간 지속적으로 무역수지 흑자를 달성하고 있지만 흑자 규모는 지속적으로 하락하는 추세에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 GL 지수를 보았을 때 산 업 내 무역의 수준이 지속적으로 증가하고 동종 산업 간의 경쟁 또한 치열해지고 있 는 것으로 파악되었다. 10년간 전체 소재·부품·장비 산업의 TSI 지수는 양(+)으로 나 타나 우리나라 산업의 경쟁력이 우세한 것으로 나타났지만 TSI 지수가 지속적으로 줄어들어 산업의 경쟁력이 점차 감소하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 중국의 급격한 성장에 대응하기 위해서는 우리 제품의 자급률 향상 및 경쟁력 강화 등을 위한 노력 을 지속적으로 기울여야 할 것으로 판단이 된다.

This study investigated the potential role of dietary factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Koreans. The scoping review method was used to evaluate the studies that utilized the secondary data sets comprising the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Articles published between 2012 and 2022 were identified using RISS, KISS, DBpia, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. In all, there were 32 published articles on obesity and 119 on MetS. Obesity research included eight articles on nutrients, 12 on food items/food groups, two on dietary patterns, nine on dietary behavior/eating habits, and one on the dietary index. MetS studies comprised 34 articles on nutrients, 43 on food items/food groups, seven on dietary patterns, 25 on dietary behavior/eating habits, and 10 on the dietary index. Carbohydrates, alcohol, and coffee consumption were the most frequently studied dietary factors for obesity and MetS. The primary areas of study were largely focused on nutrients and food items/food groups. Thus, to overcome the paucity of information on the relationship of dietary patterns and dietary indexes with obesity and MetS, there is a need for further research using the KNHANES and KoGES data sets.

본 연구는 중국의 11개 4F급 공항을 대상으로 변이할당분석을 통해 공항의 경쟁 력을 비교한다. 분석기간은 2001년-2021년으로 설정하고 2001년-2007년, 2008년-201 8년 그리고 2019년-2021년 세 구간을 설정하고 있다. 변이효과를 권역별로 보면 화 북지역의 공항 경쟁력은 감소하고 있으며, 화동지역, 화남지역과 화중지역의 공항 경 쟁력은 모두 상승하고 있다. 반대로 서북지역과 서남지역은 공항 경쟁력이 감소하고 있다. 할당효과를 보면 북경수도국제공항과 상해포동국제공항, 광주백운국제공항, 그 리고 심천보안국제공항의 할당효과가 가장 크다. 그리고 권역별로 절대적 성장치와 할당효과의 분석결과를 종합해 보면 화동지역, 화남지역 그리고 화중지역의 공항 경 쟁력이 상대적으로 높으며, 화북지역과 서북지역 그리고 서남지역의 공항 경쟁력은 상대적으로 낮다고 해석할 수 있다.

This study aimed to develop an optimal processing method for the production of apple-mango jelly for domestic suppliers, by analyzing the quality attributes of the jelly. According to the central composite design, a total of 11 experimental points were designed including the content of apple-mango juice (X1), and the sugar content (X2). The responses were analyzed including the color values (CIE Lab and color difference), physicochemical properties (water activity, sweetness, pH, and total acidity), and textural properties (hardness and gel strength). Regression analysis was conducted, except for total acidity, and showed no significant difference for all the experimental points (p<0.05). Quadratic model was derived for all responses with an R square value ranging from 0.8590 to 0.9978. Based on regression model, the appropriate mixing ratio of apple-mango jelly was found to be 31.11% of apple mango juice and 14.65% of sugar. Through this study, the possibility for developing jelly product using apple-mango was confirmed, and it is expected that these findings will contribute to the improvement of the agricultural industry.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has a low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent mechanical properties; thus, it is used as a thermal barrier coating material for gas turbines. However, during long-time exposure of YSZ to temperatures of 1200oC or higher, a phase transformation accompanied by a volume change occurs, causing the YSZ coating layer to peel off. To solve this problem, YSZ has been doped with trivalent and tetravalent oxides to obtain coating materials with low thermal conductivity and suppressed phase transformation of zirconia. In this study, YSZ is doped with trivalent oxides, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Al2O3, and tetravalent oxide, TiO2, and the thermal conductivity of the obtained materials is analyzed according to the composition; furthermore, the relative density change, microstructure change, and m-phase formation behavior are analyzed during long-time heat treatment at high temperatures.

To understand functional changes of forest ecosystems due to climate change, correlation between decomposition rate of leaf litter, an important function of forest ecosystems, and microclimatic factors was analyzed. After 48 months elapsed, percent remaining weight of Quercus mongolica leaf litter was 27.1% in the east aspect and 37.0% in the west aspects. Decay constant of Q. mongolica leaf litter was 0.33 in the east aspect and 0.25 in the west aspect after 48 months elapsed. Initial C/N ratio of Q. mongolica leaf litter was 38.5. After 48 months elapsed, C/N ratio of decomposing Q. mongolica leaf litter decreased to 13.43 in the east aspect and 16.72 in the west aspect. Average air temperature and soil temperature during the investigation period of the research site were 8.2±9.0 and 9.1±9.3 in the east and 8.5±7.4 and 9.3±7.3°C in the west aspect, respectively, with the west aspect showing higher air and soil temperatures. Soil moisture showed no significant difference between east and west aspects (average soil moisture: 19.4±11.0% vs. 20.5±5.7%). However, as a result of analyzing the correlation between decomposition rate and microclimatic factors, it was found that the decomposition rate and soil moisture has a positive correlation (r=0.426) in the east aspect but not in the west aspect. Our study shows that the correlation between decomposition rate and microclimatic factors can be significantly different depending on the direction of the aspect.

Gut contents analysis is essential to predict the impact of organisms on food source changes due to variations of the habitat environment. Previous studies of gut content analysis have been conducted using traditional methods, such as visual observation. However, these studies are limited in analyzing food sources because of the digestive process in gut organ. DNA metabarcoding analysis is a useful method to analyze food sources by supplementing these limitations. We sampled marine fish of Pennahia argentata, Larimichthys polyactis, Crangon affinis, Loligo beka and Sepia officinalis from Gwangyang Bay and Yeosu fisheries market for analyzing gut contents by applying DNA metabarcoding analysis. 18S rRNA v9 primer was used for analyzing food source by DNA metabarcoding. Network and two-way clustering analyses characterized the relationship between organisms and food sources. As a result of comparing metabarcoding of gut contents for P. argentata between sampled from Gwangyang Bay and the fisheries market, fish and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources. In addition, Decapoda and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources for L. polyactis and C. affinis, respectively. Copepoda was analyzed as the primary food source for L. beka and S. officinalis. These study results demonstrated that gut contents analysis using DNA metabarcoding reflects diverse and detailed information of biological food sources in the aquatic environment. In addition, it will be possible to provide biological information in the gut to identify key food sources by applying it to the research on the food web in the ecosystem.

On April 29, 2021 (1st), June 2 (2nd), and August 17 (3rd), we surveyed benthic macroinvertebrates fauna at Muljangori-oreum wetland in Bonggae-dong, Jeju Island, Korea. Muljangori-oreum wetland was divided into four areas. The survey was conducted in three accessible areas (areas 1-3). As a result of habitat environment analysis, the average monthly temperature from 2017 to 2021 was the highest in July and August and the lowest in December and February. This pattern was repeated. As a result of analyzing changes in vegetation and water surface area through satellite images, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased from February to July and decreased after July. Normalized difference water index (NDWI) was analyzed to show an inverse relationship. A total of 21 species from 13 families were identified in the qualitative survey and a total of 412 individuals of 24 species from 15 families were identified in the quantitative survey. A total of 26 species from 17 families, 8 orders, 3 classes, and 2 phyla of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The dominant species was Chronomidae spp. with 132 individuals (32.04%). Noterus japonicus was a subdominant species with 71 individuals (17.23%). As a result of comparative analysis of species identified in this study and the literature, it was confirmed that species diversity was high for Coleoptera and Odonata. Main functional feeding groups (FFGs) were found to be predators. Habitat orientation groups (HOGs) were found to be swimmers. In OHC (Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera) group, 17 species (73.91%) in 2021, 23 species (79.31%) in 2016, 26 species (86.67%) in 2018, and 19 species (79.17%) in 2019 were identified. Cybister japonicus, an endangered species II, was confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in the literature. Ten individuals (2.43%) were also confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in 2021. Therefore, continuous management and habitat protection are required to maintain the habitat environment of C. japonicus in Muljangori-oreum wetland.

Research on food sources through DNA metabarcoding is being used for various organisms based on high resolution and reproducibility. In the study, we investigated the difference in food sources between pre and post-starving in the three bivalve species (Anemina acaeformis, Anodonta woodiana, and Unio douglasiae) through DNA metabarcoding using 18S rRNA V9 primer. The food source of pre-starving appeared in 87 genera, 71 families, 51 orders, 35 classes, and 22 phyla. The primary food sources were the zoo and phytoplankton, including Chlamydomonadales, Euglenales, Ploima, Sphaeropleales, and Stephanodiscales. However, all zoo and phytoplankton were not observed after starving except Schizopyrenida and Rotifera. In Levin’s niche breadth analysis, the Bi index of A. woodiana is 0.3, which was higher than A. acaeformis (0.14) and U. douglasiae (0.21), indicating that they feed on various food sources. The niche overlap of A. acaeformis was measured as 0.78 in A. woodiana, 0.7 in U. douglasiae showing a relative high value compared to other bivalves. The trophic level of A. acaeformis, A. woodiana, and U. douglasiae based on the food source information were investigated as 2.0, 2.0, and 2.5, respectively. The results of the previous study on the trophic level using stable isotopes showed 1.8 to 2.4 values were similar to the results of this study. These results suggest that DNA metabarcoding can be an effective analyzing tool for the gut content in the bivalves.

본 논문에서는 3차원 엮임 재료의 유체투과율 향상을 목적으로 수치해석 데이터 기반의 물성치 회귀 분석 및 최적설계를 소개한다. 우선 3차원 엮임 재료를 구성하는 와이어 사이의 간격을 결정하는 배율 계수를 매개변수화 하여 다양한 배율 조합을 가지는 수치 모 델을 생성하였고, 전산 수치해석을 통해 계산된 각 모델의 체적 탄성계수, 열전도 계수, 유체투과율 데이터를 이용하여 다항식 기반의 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 사용해서 체적 탄성계수와 유체투과율 사이의 다목적함수 최적설계를 통한 파레토 최적해를 도출하였 으며, 두 물성치가 서로 상충 관계에 있음을 확인하였다. 한편 3차원 엮임 재료의 열전달 효율을 높이기 위해서 유체투과율을 최대화 시키는 것을 목적으로 경사도 기반 최적설계를 수행하였고, 제약조건인 체적 탄성계수의 크기별 유체투과율의 변화율을 분석하였다. 그 결과 설계자가 원하는 최소한의 강성을 가지는 최대 유체투과율 설계 모델을 얻어낼 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 회귀 방정식을 통해 서 얻어진 설계가 높은 정확도를 가지고 있음을 추가적으로 검증하였다.

Complaints about foul odors are emerging as an issue, and the number of complaints is steadily increasing every year. Biofiltration is known to remove harmful or odorous substances from the atmosphere by using microorganisms, and full-scale biofilters are being installed and operated in various environmental and industrial facilities. In this study, the current status and actual odor removal efficiency of full-scale biofilters installed in publicly owned treatment facilities such as sewage, manure, and livestock manure treatment plants were investigated. In addition, the effects of design and operating factors on their efficiency were also examined. As a result, it was found that odor prevention facilities with less than 30% odor removal efficiency based on complex odors accounted for 40%-50% of the biofilters investigated. In investigating the appropriate level of operating factors on odor removal efficiency, it was found that compliance with the recommended values p lays a significant role in improving odor removal efficiency. In the canonical correlation analysis for the on-site biofilter operation and design data, residence time and humidity were found to be the most critical factors. The on-site biofilter operation and design data were analyzed through canonical correlation analysis, and the residence time and humidity maintenance were found to be the most important factors in the design and operations of the biofilter. Based on these results, it is necessary to improve the odor removal efficiency of on-site biofilters by reviewing the effectiveness of the operation factors, improving devices, and adjusting operating methods.

The types and distribution ratio of odor removal systems installed in publicly owned environmental facilities such as sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, manure treatment, livestock manure treatment, and food waste treatment were investigated. Since the intensity of the odor and the composition of the odor substances are different depending on the type of each public treatment facility, different odor removal efficiencies were derived depending on the applied odor removal technology. In addition, the removal efficiency of complex odors and individual odor substances of odor removal systems such as those applying biofilters, scrubbers, and adsorption towers were also compared and evaluated. Although it depends on each odor removal technology and application facility, about 50% of various odor removal systems presented an odor removal performance of less than 30%. The odor removal systems with an odor removal efficiency of 70% or more were evaluated to be less than 30% of the total number. Therefore, we suggest that odor removal efficiencies should be improved through continuous monitoring, diagnosis, reinforcement of maintenance, and improvement of systems.

경험식에 기반한 폭발 해석방법은 폭압-시간 이력곡선을 하중으로 적용하여 해석하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 모델링이 간단하고 해 석시간이 짧아 효율적이지만, 일부 연구에 따르면 근거리 폭발 해석에는 적합하지 않음이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 예로써 환산 거리 0.4~1.0의 근거리 폭발조건에 있는 RC 보에 대해 해석방법에 따른 결과의 차이 및 원인을 분석하였고, 이를 통해 경험식 방법을 이용한 해석의 적용 범위를 구체적으로 검토 및 확인할 수 있었다. 사용된 유한요소해석 프로그램은 LS-DYNA이다. 해석결과에 따르 면, 원거리 폭발 실험 데이터를 근거로 하는 경험식 해석방법은 충격량을 과소평가하고 있었다. 이로 인해 RC 보의 처짐은 측정된 처 짐 또는 ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) 해석결과에 비해 작게 계산되었다. 구조체의 응답이 크게 나타나는 근거리 폭발에 대해 서는 ALE 해석방법을 사용하는 것이 더 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

The community temperature index (CTI) reflects the temperature and environmental preferences of the community. We investigated the distribution patterns of major aquatic insect assemblages (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; EPT) based on CTI in streams of South Korea. We selected unpolluted 151 study sites at upper streams (less than 3rd) with less than 1.5 mg L-1 of biochemical oxygen demand. Study sites were clustered into six groups based on the similarities of their EPT composition. All three orders showed a continuous decrease in the number of species as CTI increased, especially in Plecoptera. In addition, the functional feeding groups were also significantly changed according the CTI changes. Temperature tolerance range of each group’s indicator species varied according to the CTI of the group. Finally, changes of CTI reflected differences of EPT assemblages according to the differences of environmental condition including temperature. Therefore, CTI can be applied to the evaluation and preservation of stream ecosystems and prediction of community changes due to climate change.

Through sample-size-based rarefaction analyses, we tried to suggest the appropriate degree of sample concentration and sub-sample extraction, as a way to estimate more accurate zooplankton species diversity when assessing biodiversity. When we collected zooplankton from three reservoirs with different environmental characteristics, the estimated species richness (S) and Shannon’s Hʹ values showed different changing patterns according to the amount of sub-sample extracted from the whole sample by reservoir. However, consequently, their zooplankton diversity indices were estimated the highest values when analyzed by extracting the largest amount of sub-sample. As a result of rarefaction analysis about sample coverage, in the case of deep eutrophic reservoir (Juam) with high zooplankton species and individual numbers, it was analyzed that 99.8% of the whole samples were represented by only 1 mL of sub-sample based on 100 mL of concentrated samples. On the other hand, in Soyang reservoir, which showed very small species and individual numbers, a relatively low representation at 97% when 10 mL of sub-sample was extracted from the same amount of concentrated sample. As such, the representation of sub-sample for the whole zooplankton sample varies depending on the individual density in the sample collected from the field. If the degree of concentration of samples and the amount of subsample extraction are adjusted according to the collected individual density, it is believed that errors that occur when comparing the number of species and diversity indices among different water bodies can be minimized.

Gwaebultaeng is a cultural property of painting, a large Buddhist painting used for special ceremonies in Buddhism. It is stored in an indoor temple environment, and there is a greater risk of contamination and damage due to environmental factors compared to other cultural properties. In 2021, the treasure Hanging Painting of Anguksa Temple and storage chest stored in Geungnakjeon Hall of Anguksa Temple in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do were investigated. As a result, one genus and three species fungi, one species bacteria were found on the surface of the painting. In addition, five genera and 11 species fungi, eight genera and 12 species bacteria were confirmed on the surface of the storage chest. Among them, the same three species of Aspergillus genus were identified in both Gwaebultaeng and the storage chest. These results suggest the possibility of introduction and spread from airborne fungi in the indoor air outside the chest. Among the identified microorganisms, one genus and two species fungi in Gwaebultaeng and three genera and four species fungi, four genera and five species bacteria were identified as those that could cause damage to the storage chest. In addition, it was confirmed that one species fungus in Gwaebultaeng and one genus and two species fungi could cause harm to the human body. The results of this study will serve as a basis for careful discussion and management regarding the storage of cultural properties in the future.